List of Category 4 Australian region severe tropical cyclones

Category 4 the second-highest classification on the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale which is used to classify tropical cyclones, that have 10-minute sustained winds of at least wind speeds of 86–107 knots (159–198 km/h; 99–123 mph). As of 2019 47 tropical cyclones have peaked Category 4 severe tropical cyclones in the Australian tropical cyclone basin, which is denoted as a part of the Indian and Pacific Oceans to the south of the equator and between 90°E - 160°E. The earliest tropical cyclone to be classified as a Category 4 severe tropical cyclone was Gyan which was classified as a Category 4 during December 22, 1981, as it impacted New Caledonia. The latest was Pola as it passed between Fiji and Tonga. This list does include any tropical cyclones that peaked as a Category 5 severe tropical cyclone, while in the Australian region.

Background

The Australian region tropical cyclone basin is located to the south of the Equator between 90°E and 160°E.[1] The basin is officially monitored by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology as well as the Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG), and the Papua New Guinea National Weather Service.[1] The United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) and other national meteorological services such as New Zealand's MetService, Météo-France and the Fiji Meteorological Service, also monitor parts of the basin in an unofficial capacity.[1] Within the basin a Category 4 severe tropical cyclone is a tropical cyclone that has 10-minute mean maximum sustained wind speeds of 86–107 knots (159–198 km/h; 99–123 mph) on the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale.[1][2] A named storm could also be classified as a Category 4 tropical cyclone if it is estimated, to have 1-minute mean maximum sustained wind speeds of between 113–136 knots (209–252 km/h; 130–157 mph) on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale.[1][3] This scale is not officially used by any of the warning centres for the region, however, tropical cyclones are compared to it by various agencies including NASA.[1] On both scales Category 5 tropical cyclones are expected to cause widespread devastation, if it significantly impacts land at or near its peak intensity.[2][3]

Systems
Name Dates as a Category 4 Duration Sustained
wind speeds		 Pressure Land areas affected Damage
(USD)		 Deaths Refs
Kerry21 – 22 January, 19736 hours165 km/h (105 mph)960 hPa (28.35 inHg)Wesrern Australia[4]
Madge8 – 18 March 1973165 km/h (105 mph)952 hPa (28.11 inHg)Northern Territory, Queensland[5]
Tracy21 – 26 December 1974175 km/h (110 mph)950 hPa (28.05 inHg)Northern Territory[6][7]
Vanessa (1976)January 1976175 km/h (110 mph)950 hPa (28.05 inHg)Western Australia[8]
Watorea18 hours165 km/h (105 mph)970 hPa (28.64 inHg)[9]
Ted15–21 December 1976185 km/h (115 mph)945 hPa (27.91 inHg)Queensland[10]
Leo (1977)
Trudy (1978)
Winnie (1978)
Kerry (1979)
Hazel (1979)
Idylle (1979)
Brian (1980)
Fred (1980)
Simon21 – 28 February 1980165 km/h (105 mph)950 hPa (28.05 inHg)Queensland, New ZealandMinorNone[11]
Doris-Gloria (1980)
Alice-Adelaide (1980)
Felix (1980)
Neil (1981)
Olga (1981)
Chris-Damia (1982)
Bernie (1982)
Jane2 – 11 January 1983165 km/h (105 mph)947 hPa (27.96 inHg)Western AustraliaNoneNone
Elinor10 February – 3 March 1983165 km/h (105 mph)935 hPa (27.61 inHg)QueenslandMinorNone[12]
Quenton (1983)
Bobby (1984)
Chloe (1984)
Daryl (1984)
Odette (1985)
Sandy20 – 24 March 1985195 km/h (120 mph)953 hPa (28.14 inHg)Northern Territory, Western AustraliaN/ANone[13]
Victor (1986)
Billy –
Lila		5 – 12 May 1986170 km/h (105 mph)950 hectopascals (28.05 inHg)Western AustraliaNoneNone[14][15]
Elsie22 – 27 February 1987185 km/h (115 mph)940 hPa (27.76 inHg)Western AustraliaN/ANone
Gwenda-Ezenina (1988)
Ned25 March – 1 April 1989185 km/h (115 mph)941 hPa (27.79 inHg)Western AustraliaMinorNone[16]
IvorMarch 15 – 26, 1990165 km/h (105 mph)965 hPa (28.50 inHg)Cape York Peninsula[17][18][19]
Joy15 – 27 December 1990165 km/h (105 mph)940 hPa (27.76 inHg)Solomon Islands, Queensland[20][21]
Errol (1991)
Marian (1991)
Harriet-Heather (1992)
Ian27 February – 3 March 1992195 km/h (120 mph)930 hPa (27.46 inHg)Western Australia[22]
Esau (1992)
Jane-Irna (1992)
Oliver5 – 14 February 1993185 km/h (115 mph)950 hPa (28.05 inHg)Queensland[23]
Sharon12 – 22 March 1994195 km/h (120 mph)930 hPa (27.46 inHg)Indonesia, Western Australia[24]
Annette12 – 20 December 1994195 km/h (120 mph)925 hPa (27.32 inHg)Western Australia, South Australia[25]
Bobby19 – 27 February 1995195 km/h (120 mph)925 hPa (27.32 inHg)Northern Territory, Western Australia[26]
Agnes16 – 22 April 1995185 km/h (115 mph)945 hPa (27.91 inHg)[27]
Frank6 – 13 December 1995175 km/h (110 mph)950 hPa (28.05 inHg)Western Australia
Barry4 – 7 January 1996185 km/h (115 mph)950 hPa (28.05 inHg)Queensland[28]
Kirsty7 – 14 March 1996185 km/h (115 mph)935 hPa (27.61 inHg)Western Australia[29]
Olivia5 – 12 April 1996195 km/h (120 mph)925 hPa (27.32 inHg)Western Australia, South Australia[30]
Drena (1997)
Rhonda11 – 17 May 1997175 km/h (110 mph)935 hPa (27.61 inHg)Cocos Islands, Western Australia[31][32]
Katrina1 – 25 January 1998165 km/h (105 mph)940 hPa (27.76 inHg)Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Queensland[33]
Tiffany (1998)
Elaine16 – 20 March 1999165 km/h (105 mph)945 hPa (27.91 inHg)Western Australia
Frederic-Evrina (1999)
Norman (2000)
Fiona (2003)
Monty25 February – 3 March 2004185 km/h (115 mph)935 hPa (27.61 inHg)Western Australia
Oscar-Itseng (2004)
Bertie-Alvin (2005)
Larry15 – 20 March 2006185 km/h (115 mph)935 hPa (27.61 inHg)Queensland
Floyd (2006)
Pancho (2008)
Billy (2008)
Ilsa (2009)
Ului (2010)
Zelia (2011)
Bianca (2011)
Narelle (2013)
Rusty22 – 28 February 2013165 km/h (105 mph)944 hPa (27.88 inHg)Western Australia
Christine (2013–14)
Kate (2014)
Lam12 – 20 February 2015185 km/h (115 mph)943 hPa (27.85 inHg)Queensland, Northern Territory, Western Australia
Nathan (2015)
Ikola (2015)
Quang27 April – 1 May 2015185 km/h (115 mph)950 hPa (28.05 inHg)Western AustraliaMinorNone[34]
Debbie23 March – 7 April 2017195 km/h (120 mph)943 hPa (27.85 inHg)Queensland[35]
Savannah8 –17 March175 km/h (110 mph)951 hPa (28.08 inHg)Java, Christmas Island, Cocos Islands
Trevor11 – 26 March175 km/h (110 mph)950 hPa (28.05 inHg)Papua New Guinea, Queensland, Northern Territory

Other systems
  • Chris-Damia - Cat 4 in SWIO.[36]
  • Walter-Gregoara - Cat 4 in SWIO.[37]
  • Harriet-Heather - Cat 4 in SWIO.[38]

Impacts

Records and statistics

See also

References
  1. RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee (October 11, 2018). Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the South-East Indian Ocean and the Southern Pacific Ocean 2018 (PDF) (Report). World Meteorological Organization. pp. I-4–II-9 (9–21). Archived from the original on October 12, 2018. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
  2. 2017/2018 Tropical Cyclone Season Summary of Alerts and Warnings Procedures for Fiji (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service. October 23, 2017. pp. 3 & 11. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 25, 2019.
  3. Schott, Timothy; Landsea, Christopher; Hafele, Gene; Lorens, Jeffrey; Taylor, Arthur; Thrum, Harvey; Ward, Bill; Willis, Mark; Zaleski, Walt (January 2, 2019). The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
  4. "1973 Tropical Cyclone Kerry (1973019S15120)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
  5. Tropical Cyclone Madge (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 2010. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
  6. "1974 Tropical Cyclone Tracy (1974354S08135)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  7. Courtney, Joe; Shepherd, Ian J (26 October 2010). "The benefit of hindsight: re-examining the maximum winds during Tropical Cyclone Tracy" (PDF). Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Journal. 60: 159–168. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
  8. "1974 Tropical Cyclone Tracy (1974354S08135)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  9. "1976 Tropical Cyclone Watorea (1976113S04156)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  10. "1976 Tropical Cyclone Ted (1976351S13141)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  11. "Severe Tropical Cyclone Simon". Bureau of Meteorology. 2010. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
  12. "Severe Tropical Cyclone Elinor". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 22 March 2012.
  13. "Severe Tropical Cyclone Sandy". Bureau of Meteorology. 2010. Retrieved 17 September 2012.
  14. Courtney, Joe (16 June 2009). "Severe Tropical Cyclone Billy-Lila" (PDF). Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 6 June 2011.
  15. Kingston, G (1986). "The Australian Tropical Cyclone Season 1985–86" (PDF). Australian Meteorological Magazine. Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 29 November 2011.
  16. Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre (2014). Tropical Cyclone Ned (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
  17. "1990 Severe Tropical Cyclone Ivor (1990073S13170)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  18. "Severe Tropical Cyclone Ivor". Bureau of Meteorology. 2012. Retrieved 18 September 2012.
  19. C. Thurlow (30 March 1990). "Cyclone Ivor Damage Likely to Reach $15M". QNP. Queensland, Australia: Courier-Mail. (Accessed through LexisNexis)
  20. "Death Toll Rises to Six, Losses In Hundreds of Millions". Rockhampton, Australia: Associated Press. 12 January 1991. (Accessed through LexisNexis)
  21. Greg Roberts (15 January 1991). "Town Prepares for Evacuation". Brisbane, Australia: Sydney Morning Herald. p. 3. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
  22. "Severe Tropical Cyclone Ian". Bureau of Meteorology. 2012. Retrieved 19 September 2012.
  23. Severe Tropical Cyclone Oliver. Australian Bureau of Meteorology (Report). Government of Australia. 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
  24. Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre (2014). Severe Tropical Cyclone Sharon (PDF). Australian Bureau of Meteorology (Report). Government of Australia. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
  25. Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre (2014). Severe Tropical Cyclone Annette (PDF). Australian Bureau of Meteorology (Report). Government of Australia. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
  26. Severe Tropical Cyclone Bobby. Australian Bureau of Meteorology (Report). Government of Australia. 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
  27. Tropical Cyclone Agnes. Australian Bureau of Meteorology (Report). Government of Australia. 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
  28. Tropical Cyclone Barry. Australian Bureau of Meteorology (Report). Government of Australia. 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
  29. Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre (2014). Severe Tropical Cyclone Kirsty (PDF). Australian Bureau of Meteorology (Report). Government of Australia. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
  30. Severe Tropical Cyclone Olivia. Australian Bureau of Meteorology (Report). Government of Australia. 2014. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
  31. Knapp, Kenneth R; Kruk, Michael C; Levinson, David H; Diamond, Howard J; Neumann, Charles J. 1997 Rhonda (1997125S08079). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  32. Severe Tropical Cyclone Rhonda (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
  33. Tropical Cyclone Katrina. Australian Bureau of Meteorology (Report). Government of Australia. 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
  34. Paterson, Linda (October 2015). Severe Tropical Cyclone Quang (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 March 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  35. http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/about/names.shtml
  36. "1982 Very Intense Tropical Cyclone Chris:Damia (1982005S10105)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved April 28, 2020.
  37. "1990 Gregoara:Walter (1990062S13091)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved May 7, 2020.
  38. "1992 Very Intense Tropical Cyclone Harriet:Heather (1992056S11102)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved May 7, 2020.
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