List of Category 3 South Pacific severe tropical cyclones

Category 3 the third-highest classification on the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale is used to classify tropical cyclones, that have 10-minute sustained winds of 64–85 knots (119–157 km/h; 74–98 mph). As of 2019 79 tropical cyclones have peaked as Category 3 severe tropical cyclones in the South Pacific tropical cyclone basin, which is denoted as the part of the Pacific Ocean to the south of the equator and to the east of 160°E. The earliest tropical cyclone to be classified as a Category 3 severe tropical cyclone was Dolly which was classified as a Category 3 severe tropical cyclone . The latest was Oma as it existed in the Coral Sea. This list does include any tropical cyclones that went on to peak as a Category 4 or 5 severe tropical cyclone, while in the Southern Pacific tropical cyclone basin.

Background

The South Pacific tropical cyclone basin is located to the south of the Equator between 160°E and 120°W.[1] The basin is officially monitored by the Fiji Meteorological Service and the New Zealand MetService, while other meteorological services such as the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Meteo France as well as the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center also monitor the basin.[1] Within the basin a Category 3 severe tropical cyclone is a tropical cyclone that has 10-minute mean maximum sustained wind speeds of 64–85 knots (119–157 km/h; 74–98 mph) on the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale.[1][2] A named storm could also be classified as a Category 3 tropical cyclone if it is estimated, to have 1-minute mean maximum sustained wind speeds of between 96–112 knots (178–207 km/h; 110–129 mph) on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale.[1][3] This scale is only officially used in American Samoa, however, various agencies including NASA also use it to compare tropical cyclones.[1] A Category 3 tropical cyclone is expected to cause catastrophic devastation, if it significantly impacts land at or near its peak intensity.[2][3]

Systems

Name Dates as a
Category 3
Duration Sustained
wind speeds
Pressure Land areas affected Damage
(USD)
Deaths Refs
DollyFebruary 22 – 23, 19701 day 12 hours130 km/h (80 mph)965 hPa (28.50 inHg)[4]
EmmaMarch 2 – 4, 19702 days130 km/h (80 mph)965 hPa (28.50 inHg)[5]
UrsulaDecember 2 – 16, 19711 day130 km/h (80 mph)965 hPa (28.50 inHg)[6]
CarlottaJanuary 14 – 21, 19727 days155 km/h (100 mph)940 hPa (27.76 inHg)Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia4[7]
WendyFebruary 1 – 7, 19726 days 12 hours155 km/h (100 mph)945 hPa (27.91 inHg)Vanuatu, New Caledonia4[8]
YolandeMarch 20 – 21, 19721 day120 km/h (75 mph)965 hPa (28.50 inHg)Vanuatu, New Caledonia[9]
AgathaMarch 27 – 29, 19721 day120 km/h (75 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)Cook Islands[10]
GailApril 15, 19721 day120 km/h (75 mph)960 hPa (28.35 inHg)[11]
IdaJune 3, 19721 day130 km/h (80 mph)965 hPa (28.50 inHg)Solomon Islands, New Caledonia[12]
BebeOctober 21 – 24, 19723 days 12 hours155 km/h (100 mph)945 hPa (27.91 inHg)Fiji, Tuvalu$20 million24[13][14][15]
Lottie 
Natalie
December 9 – 10, 19731 day130 km/h (80 mph)965 hPa (28.50 inHg)Fiji, TongaModerate80[16][17][18]
AlisonMarch 5 – 9, 19754 days155 km/h (100 mph)945 hPa (27.91 inHg)Vanuatu, New Caledonia
New Zealand
$1 million[19][20][21]
RobertApril 20 – 21, 19771 day130 km/h (80 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)French Polynesia[22]
BobFebruary 4 – 6, 19781 day 18 hours155 km/h (100 mph)945 hPa (27.91 inHg)Vanuatu, New Caledonia, New ZealandModerate1[23]
CharlesFebruary 18 – 20, 19782 days155 km/h (100 mph)945 hPa (27.91 inHg)Samoan Islands[24]
GordonJanuary 6 – 7, 19791 day130 km/h (80 mph)965 hPa (28.50 inHg)Australia, Vanuatu, New CaledoniaSevere[25]
MeliMarch 26 – 29, 19793 days155 km/h (100 mph)945 hPa (27.91 inHg)FijiSevere53[26]
PeniJanuary 3, 198012 hours120 km/h (75 mph)970 hPa (28.64 inHg)Fiji[27]
SinaMarch 13, 19801 day120 km/h (75 mph)970 hPa (28.64 inHg)New Caledonia, New Zealand[28]
ArthurJanuary 13 – 15, 19812 days130 km/h (80 mph)965 hPa (28.50 inHg)[29]
CliffFebruary 11 – 13, 19812 days120 km/h (75 mph)970 hPa (28.64 inHg)[30]
FredaMarch 4 – 7, 19812 days, 12 hours150 km/h (90 mph)955 hPa (28.20 inHg)[31]
TahmarMarch 11 – 12, 19811 day120 km/h (75 mph)970 hPa (28.64 inHg)French Polynesia[32]
HettieJanuary 28 – 30, 19822 days130 km/h (80 mph)965 hPa (28.50 inHg)[33]
MarkJanuary 25 – 27, 19832 days150 km/h (90 mph)955 hPa (28.20 inHg)Fiji[34]
NanoJanuary 25 – 26, 19831 days 18 hours120 km/h (75 mph)970 hPa (28.64 inHg)French Polynesia[35]
WilliamApril 19 – 22, 19832 days 12 hours150 km/h (90 mph)955 hPa (28.20 inHg)French Polynesia1[36]
BetiFebruary 3, 19841 day120 km/h (75 mph)970 hPa (28.64 inHg)New Caledonia[37]
EricJanuary 16 – 18, 19852 days 12 hours150 km/h (90 mph)955 hPa (28.20 inHg)Vanuatu, Fiji[38]
NigelJanuary 17 – 19, 19852 days150 km/h (90 mph)955 hPa (28.20 inHg)Vanuatu, Fiji[39]
FredaJanuary 27 – 29, 19852 days150 km/h (90 mph)955 hPa (28.20 inHg)[40]
MartinApril 12, 198612 hours120 km/h (75 mph)970 hPa (28.64 inHg)[41]
NamuMay 16 – 22, 19861 day150 km/h (90 mph)955 hPa (28.20 inHg)Solomon Islands$10 million111[42]
RajaDecember 27 – 31, 19865 days 6 hours150 km/h (90 mph)955 hPa (28.20 inHg)Wallis and Futuna, Fiji$14 million2[43][44]
SallyDecember 28, 1986 
January 3, 1987
5 days 18 hours150 km/h (90 mph)955 hPa (28.20 inHg)Cook Islands, French Polynesia$24.6 million[45][46]
TusiJanuary 17 – 21, 19871 day 18 hours150 km/h (90 mph)955 hPa (28.20 inHg)American Samoa$24 million[47][48]
WiniMarch 3 – 6, 19872 days 12 hours130 km/h (70 mph)965 hPa (28.50 inHg)Samoan IslandsExtensiveNone[49]
YaliMarch 9, 198712 hours120 km/h (75 mph)970 hPa (28.64 inHg)Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia[50]
CillaMarch 1, 198712 hours120 km/h (75 mph)970 hPa (28.64 inHg)[51]
HinanoFebruary 24 – 26, 19892 days150 km/h (90 mph)970 hPa (28.64 inHg)French Polynesia[52]
IvyFebruary 26 – 28, 19893 days155 km/h (100 mph)960 hPa (28.35 inHg)New Caledonia, Vanuatu[53]
JudyFebruary 26, 19891 day150 km/h (90 mph)965 hPa (28.50 inHg)[54]
LiliApril 8 – 10, 19892 days 12 hours150 km/h (90 mph)955 hPa (28.20 inHg)New Caledonia[55]
PeniFebruary 15 – 17, 19902 days120 km/h (75 mph)970 hPa (28.64 inHg)Cook Islands[56]
SinaNovember 26 – 28, 19903 days140 km/h (85 mph)960 hPa (28.35 inHg)Fiji, Tonga$18.5 million[57][58]
TiaNovember 13 – 21, 19911 day 6 hours140 km/h (85 mph)960 hPa (28.35 inHg)Solomon Islands, Vanuatu[59]
DamanFebruary 11 – 19, 19921 day 12 hours130 km/h (80 mph)965 hPa (28.50 inHg)Tokelau, Fiji
Vanuatu, New Zealand
[60]
KinaDecember 29, 1992 
January 4, 1993
6 days 6 hours150 km/h (95 mph)955 hPa (28.20 inHg)Fiji, Tonga$110 million26[61]
NinaJanuary 1 – 2, 19931 day140 km/h (85 mph)960 hPa (28.35 inHg)Queensland, Solomon Islands
Rotuma, Wallis and Futuna, Tonga
[62]
LinFebruary 1 – 3, 19931 day 12 hours120 km/h (75 mph)970 hPa (28.64 inHg)[63]
PollyFebruary 27 – March 9, 19934 days 6 hours155 km/h (100 mph)945 hPa (27.91 inHg)Solomon Islands, New Caledonia
New Zealand
[64]
RewaJanuary 4 – 5, 19941 day150 km/h (90 mph)950 hPa (28.05 inHg)[65]
TomasMarch 24 – 26, 19942 days 6 hours155 km/h (100 mph)955 hPa (28.20 inHg)[66]
FergusMarch 24 – 26, 19943 days 12 hours150 km/h (90 mph)955 hPa (28.20 inHg)[67]
EvanMarch 24 – 26, 19943 days 12 hours130 km/h (80 mph)965 hPa (28.50 inHg)[68]
HinaMarch 17 – 18, 19971 day 6 hours120 km/h (75 mph)975 hPa (28.79 inHg)Fiji, Tonga, Tuvalu
Wallis and Futuna
$15.2 million[69][70]
KeliJune 11 – 13, 19972 days150 km/h (95 mph)955 hPa (28.20 inHg)Tuvulu, Tonga, Wallis and Futuna$10 thousand[71][72]
MartinNovember 1 – 4, 19974 days155 km/h (100 mph)945 hPa (27.91 inHg)Cook Islands, French Polynesia$17.6 million28[73][74][75]
[76]
OseaNovember 24 – 28, 19971 day 12 hours150 km/h (95 mph)955 hPa (28.20 inHg)Cook Islands, French Polynesia[77]
KatrinaJanuary 8 - 11, 19983 days150 km/h (95 mph)955 hPa (28.20 inHg)Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Queensland[78]
YaliMarch 21 – 25, 19981 days 6 hours130 km/h (80 mph)965 hPa (28.50 inHg)[79]
ZumanMarch 31 – April 3, 19983 days 6 hours150 km/h (90 mph)955 hPa (28.20 inHg)[80]
CoraDecember 25 – 28, 19982 days 12 hours140 km/h (85 mph)960 hPa (28.35 inHg)Tonga$12 million[81]
Rona 
Frank
February 18 – 21, 19992 days 12 hours150 km/h (95 mph)955 hPa (28.20 inHg)[82]
HaliMarch 16, 199912 hours120 km/h (75 mph)970 hPa (28.64 inHg)[83]
IrisJanuary 26, 200012 hours150 km/h (95 mph)964 hPa (28.47 inHg)[84]
JoJanuary 26, 20006 hours120 km/h (75 mph)972 hPa (28.70 inHg)[85]
MonaMarch 9 – 11, 20001 day 12 hours120 km/h (75 mph)965 hPa (28.50 inHg)[86]
ClaudiaFebruary 12, 200212 hours120 km/h (75 mph)965 hPa (28.50 inHg)[87]
AmiJanuary 9 – 15, 20032 days150 km/h (90 mph)950 hPa (28.05 inHg)Fiji, Tonga, Tuvalu$65 million14[88]
GinaJune 4 – 9, 20038 hours150 km/h (90 mph)950 hPa (28.05 inHg)Solomon Islands[89]
KerryJanuary 8, 20058 hours120 km/h (75 mph)970 hPa (28.64 inHg)[90]
JimJanuary 29 – 31, 20061 day 18 hours155 km/h (100 mph)950 hPa (28.05 inHg)[91]
VaianuFebruary 13 – 22, 20061 day 12 hours130 km/h (80 mph)965 hPa (28.50 inHg)[92]
WatiNovember 23 – 25, 20063 days 12 hours155 km/h (100 mph)950 hPa (28.05 inHg)[93]
YaniNovember 23 – 24, 20061 day 6 hours140 km/h (85 mph)960 hPa (28.35 inHg)[94]
GeneJanuary 30 – February 2, 20083 days155 km/h (100 mph)945 hPa (27.91 inHg)Fiji$35 million8[95][96]
PatFebruary 6 – 11, 20101 day140 km/h (85 mph)960 hPa (28.35 inHg)Cook Islands$13.7 million[97][98]
ReneFebruary 9 – 17, 20102 days 6 hours155 km/h (100 mph)945 hPa (27.91 inHg)Samoan islands, Tonga$18 millionNone[99]
YasiJanuary 31, 20118 hours150 km/h (90 mph)963 hPa (28.44 inHg)Tuvalu, Fiji, Solomon Islands
Vanuatu, Queensland
Minor1[100]
BuneMarch 22 – 29, 20112 days130 km/h (80 mph)967 hPa (28.56 inHg)FijiNoneNone[101]
GarryJanuary 24 – 26, 20131 day 18 hours150 km/h (90 mph)965 hPa (28.50 inHg)Tokelau, Wallis and Futuna
Samoan Islands, Cook Islands
MinorNone[102][103]
LusiMarch 12 – 13, 20141 day150 km/h (90 mph)960 hPa (28.35 inHg)Fiji, New Caledonia
New Zealand, Vanuatu
$3 million10[104][105]
OlaFebruary 1, 20151 day150 km/h (90 mph)955 hPa (28.20 inHg)New CaledoniaNoneNone[106]
VictorJanuary 14 – 22, 20165 days 6 hours150 km/h (90 mph)958 hPa (28.29 inHg)Northern Cook Islands, Niue, TongaNoneNone[107]
ZenaApril 5 – 7, 201618 hours130 km/h (80 mph)975 hPa (28.79 inHg)Solomon Islands, Vanuatu
Fiji, Tonga
Minimal2[108][109]
AmosApril 22 – 23, 20162 days150 km/h (90 mph)965 hPa (28.50 inHg)Fiji, Wallis and Futuna, Samoan IslandsMinimalNone[110]
CookApril 9 – 10, 20171 day 6 hours155 km/h (100 mph)961 hPa (28.38 inHg)Vanuatu, New Caledonia, New ZealandModerate1[111][112]
KeniApril 9 – 11, 20181 day 6 hours155 km/h (100 mph)960 hPa (28.35 inHg)Vanuatu, Fiji, Tonga$5 millionNone[113]
OmaFebruary 11 – 22, 2019130 km/h (80 mph)974 hPa (28.76 inHg)Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia$50 million0
RitaNovember 25, 201912 hours120 km/h (75 mph)977 hPa (28.85 inHg)Solomon Islands, Vanuatu[114][115]
TinoJanuary 17 - 18, 202015 hours120 km/h (75 mph)970 hPa (28.64 inHg)Fiji, Niue, Solomon Islands
Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu
[116][117]

Other systems

In addition to the 19 tropical cyclones listed above Severe Tropical Cyclone's: Harry, Rewa and Yasi, all became Category 5 Severe tropical cyclones within the South Pacific Ocean, after they had moved into the Australian region.[118][119][120]

In addition to the systems listed above, Severe Tropical Cyclone's Bebe, Gyan, Abigail, Nisha-Orama, Oscar, Tomasi, Veena, Uma, Bola, Wasa-Arthur, Joni, Sarah, Beti, Kim, Paula, Waka, Eseta, Ivy, Daman, Funa, Freda and Hola were all considered to have 1-minute sustained wind speeds equivalent to a Category 3 hurricane on the SSHWS by the JTWC.

Impacts

Records and statistics

Within the official database for the region, as provided by the BoM, FMS and MetService, a total of XX tropical cyclones have been categorised as a Category 3 severe tropical cyclone. The earliest of these was Severe Tropical Cyclone Pam, which was estimated to have been a Category 5 severe tropical cyclone after a reanalysis of the data was performed by the BoM.[121] The strongest and most intense of these was Severe Tropical Cyclone Winston of the 2015-16 season, which was estimated to have 10-minute sustained wind speeds of 280 km/h (175 mph) and a minimum pressure of 884 hPa (26.10 inHg) at its peak intensity. Severe Tropical Cyclone Susan maintained its Category 5 status for around 72 hours and was the system that maintained its Category 5 status the longest.

Notes

    See also

    References

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