List of Category 2 South Pacific tropical cyclones
Category 2 the fourth-highest classification on the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale is used to classify tropical cyclones, that have 10-minute sustained winds of 48–63 knots (89–117 km/h; 55–72 mph). As of 2020 71 tropical cyclones have peaked as a category 2 tropical cyclone in the South Pacific tropical cyclone basin, which is denoted as the part of the Pacific Ocean to the south of the equator and to the east of 160°E. This list does not include any tropical cyclones that went on to peak as a Category 3, 4 or 5 severe tropical cyclones, while in the Southern Pacific tropical cyclone basin.
Background
The South Pacific tropical cyclone basin is located to the south of the Equator between 160°E and 120°W.[1] The basin is officially monitored by the Fiji Meteorological Service and the New Zealand MetService, while other meteorological services such as the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Meteo France as well as the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center also monitor the basin.[1] Within the basin a Category 2 tropical cyclone is a tropical cyclone that has 10-minute mean maximum sustained wind speeds of 48–63 knots (89–117 km/h; 55–72 mph) on the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale.[1][2] A named storm could also be classified as a Category 2 tropical cyclone if it is estimated, to have 1-minute mean maximum sustained wind speeds of between 83–95 knots (154–176 km/h; 96–109 mph) on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale.[1][3] This scale is only officially used in American Samoa, however, various agencies including NASA also use it to compare tropical cyclones.[1] A Category 2 tropical cyclone is expected to cause catastrophic devastation, if it significantly impacts land at or near its peak intensity.[2][3]
Systems
| Name | Dates as a Category 2 |
Duration | Sustained wind speeds |
Pressure | Land areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dawn | February 10 – 19, 1970 | 1 day 12 hours | 65 km/h (40 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | New Caledonia, Northern Queensland | $5 Million | 6 | |
| Rosie | December 30, 1970 – January 4, 1971 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Vanuatu, New Caledonia, New Zealand | Minor | None | [4] | |
| Tina | April 24 – 28, 1974 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Fiji, Tonga | Minor | None | ||
| Elsa | January 21 – 26, 1976 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | New Caledonia, Vanuatu | None | None | ||
| Marion | January 12 – 21, 1977 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Vanuatu | Unknown | None | ||
| Diana | February 15 – 22, 1978 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | French Polynesia | Unknown | None | ||
| Fay | December 27 – 31, 1978 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Fiji | Moderate | None | ||
| Tia | March 22 – 27, 1980 | |||||||
| Val | March 25 – 29, 1980 | |||||||
| Daman | ||||||||
| Esau | ||||||||
| Fran | ||||||||
| Unnamed | ||||||||
| Joti | October 31 – November 7, 1982 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Vanuatu | Minor | None | [5][6][7] | |
| Lisa | December 10 – 18, 1982 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Cook Islands | Unknown | None | ||
| Saba | ||||||||
| Harvey | February 7 - 8, 1984 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | New Caledonia | ||||
| Monica | ||||||||
| Gavin | ||||||||
| June | ||||||||
| Osea | ||||||||
| Patsy | ||||||||
| Unnamed | ||||||||
| Zuman | ||||||||
| Dovi | ||||||||
| Eseta | December 15 – 28 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Vanuatu, New Caledonia Fiji, New Zealand | ||||
| Delilah | January 1 – 4 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | New Caledonia, New Zealand | ||||
| Fili | January 1 – 8 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | |||||
| Kerry | March 29 – April 4 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Fiji | ||||
| Hilda | March 7 – 9 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Tuvalu, Vanuatu, New Caledonia | ||||
| Rae | March 16 – 25 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Tuvalu, Fiji | ||||
| Lisa | May 11, 1991 | 18 hours | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Solomon Islands, Vanuatu | None | None | [8] |
| Cliff | February 5 – 9, 1992 | 100 km/h (60 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | French Polynesia | [9] | |||
| Innis | April 27 – May 6, 1992 | 90 km/h (55 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Tokelau, Tuvalu Solomon Islands, Vanuatu | None | None | [10] | |
| Nisha | February 9 – 16, 1993 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Cook Islands | None | None | [11] | |
| Roger | March 20 – 27 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Solomon Islands, Australia New Caledonia | ||||
| Usha | March 22 – April 4 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | |||||
| Vania | November 12–18 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Vanuatu | Minimal | None | ||
| William | December 30 – January 3 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Cook Islands, French Polynesia | $2.5 million | None | ||
| Freda | January 26 – February 2 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | None | None | None | ||
| Harold | February 19 – 24 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Melanesia, Australia, New Zealand | $27 million | 7 | ||
| 29P | February 24 –26 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.70 inHg) | None | None | None | ||
| June | May 2 – 11 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Fiji | $60 million | |||
| Lusi | October 8 - 12 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Vanuatu, Fiji | None | None | ||
| Nute | November 18 – 19 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | None | None | None | ||
| Pam | December 6 – 10 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Cook Islands | Minor | None | ||
| Ursula | January 29 – February 2 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | French Polynesia | Minor | None | ||
| Veli | January 30 – February 3 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | French Polynesia | Minor | None | ||
| Wes | January 31 – February 5 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Cook Islands, French Polynesia | None | 10 | ||
| Olinda | January 20 – 23 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | None | ||||
| Pete | January 21 – 26 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | None | ||||
| Leo | March 4 – 8 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | French Polynesia | Minimal | None | ||
| Oma | February 20 – 22 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) | Cook Islands | Minor | None | ||
| Sose | April 5 – 11 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Australia | ||||
| Des | March 5 – 7 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | New Caledonia | None | 0 | ||
| Fili | April 27 – 29 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 987 hPa (29.15 inHg) | Tonga | None | None | ||
| Grace | March 21 – 23 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 0,985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | |||||
| Urmil | January 18 – 25, 2006 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | French Polynesia | ||||
| Zita | January 18 – 25, 2007 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | French Polynesia | ||||
| Arthur | January 21 – 27, 2007 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Samoan Islands, French Polynesia | ||||
| Becky | March 25 – 29, 2007 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Solomon Islands, Vanuatu New Caledonia | ||||
| Cliff | April 1 – 6, 2007 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Fiji | ||||
| Elisa | January 7 – 11, 2008 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | |||||
| Joni | March 10 – 14, 2009 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Cook Islands | ||||
| Ken | March 16 – 19, 2009 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | |||||
| Jasper | March 24 – 30, 2009 | 100 km/h (60 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | New Caledonia | ||||
| Lin | March 31 – April 7, 2009 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Fiji, Tonga | [12] | |||
| Mick | December 13 – 14, 2009 | 18 hours | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Fiji | [13] | ||
| Vania | January 13 – 14, 2011 | 1 day 18 hours | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 973 hPa (28.73 inHg) | Fiji, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, New Zealand | [14] | ||
| Zaka | February 5 – 7, 2011 | 18 hours | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | None | None | None | [15] |
| Cyril | February 5 – 8, 2012 | 18 hours | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Fiji, Tonga | [16] | ||
| Daphne | March 31 – April 3 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Vanuatu, Fiji | 5 | |||
| Edna | February 5, 2014 | 12 hours | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | New Caledonia, New Zealand | [17] | ||
| Kofi | March 3, 2014 | 1 day | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Fiji, Tonga | [18] | ||
| Niko | January 22 – 23, 2015 | 12 hours | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 982 hPa (29.00 inHg) | French Polynesia | [19] | ||
| Solo | April 9 – 12, 2015 | 22 hours | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Solomon Islands, New Caledonia | [20] | ||
| Tatiana | February 12 – 13, 2016 | 18 hours | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 983 hPa (29.03 inHg) | None | [21] | ||
| Ella | May 10 – 14, 2017 | 4 days | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Samoan Islands, Tonga, Wallis and Futuna | [22] | ||
| Mona | December 31, 2018 – January 7, 2019 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Solomon Islands, Fiji | ||||
| Sarai | December 27 – December 30, 2019 | 3 days 6 hours | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 972 hPa (28.70 inHg) | Tuvalu, Fiji, Tonga, Niue, Southern Cook Islands | [23][24] | ||
| Gretel | March 15 – 16 | 1 day 6 hours | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, New Zealand | [25] |
Notes
References
- RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee (October 11, 2018). Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the South-East Indian Ocean and the Southern Pacific Ocean 2018 (PDF) (Report). World Meteorological Organization. pp. I-4–II-9 (9–21). Archived from the original on October 12, 2018. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
- 2017/2018 Tropical Cyclone Season Summary of Alerts and Warnings Procedures for Fiji (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service. October 23, 2017. pp. 3 & 11. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 25, 2019.
- Schott, Timothy; Landsea, Christopher; Hafele, Gene; Lorens, Jeffrey; Taylor, Arthur; Thrum, Harvey; Ward, Bill; Willis, Mark; Zaleski, Walt (January 2, 2019). The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
- "1970 Tropical Cyclone Rosie (1970364S15165)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
- "1983 Joti (1982304S10171)". The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS). Retrieved May 15, 2017.
- Browne, M.L. (November 24, 1982). Tropical Cyclone Joti Preliminary Report (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service.
- Smales, Angus, ed. (December 1, 1982). "Cyclone Jodie visits Vanuatu". Pacific Islands Monthly. Pacific Publications. 53 (12).
- "1991 Tropical Cyclone Lisa (1991124S08154)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
- "1992 Tropical Cyclone Cliff (1992036S11212)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
- "1992 Tropical Cyclone Innis (1992118S11179)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
- "1993 Tropical Cyclone Nisha (1993043S11193)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
- "2009 Tropical Cyclone Mick (2009346S10172)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
- "2009 Tropical Cyclone Mick (2009346S10172)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
- "2011 Tropical Cyclone Vania (2011010S17169)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
- "2011 Tropical Cyclone Zaka (2011034S19199)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
- "2012 Tropical Cyclone Cyril (2012037S17176)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
- "2014 Tropical Cyclone Edna (2014032S18152)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
- "2014 Tropical Cyclone Kofi (2014056S18175)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
- "2015 Tropical Cyclone Niko (2015020S12208)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
- "2015 Tropical Cyclone Solo (2015099S13163)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
- "2016 Tropical Cyclone Tatiana (2016040S16155)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
- "2016 Tropical Cyclone Ella (2017127S18184)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
- Tropical Disturbance Advisory A10 December 27, 2019 06z (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service. December 27, 2019.
- Tropical Disturbance Advisory A23 December 30, 2019 12z (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service. December 30, 2019.
- http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/history/Gretel.shtml
External links
- World Meteorological Organization
- Australian Bureau of Meteorology
- Fiji Meteorological Service
- New Zealand MetService
- Joint Typhoon Warning Center
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