Göle

Göle (Armenian: Կող, Kogh; Georgian: კოლა, Kola; Kurdish: Mêrdînik‎) is a small city and surrounding district in Ardahan Province of Turkey. The city was formerly known as Merdenik, Merdinik or Ardahan-ı Küçük ("Little Ardahan" in Ottoman Turkish).

Göle
Göle
Coordinates: 40°47′34″N 42°36′31″E
Country Turkey
ProvinceArdahan
Government
 • MayorAkın İsmailoğlu (AKP)
 • KaymakamFatih özdemir
Area
 • District1,399.88 km2 (540.50 sq mi)
Elevation
2,038 m (6,686 ft)
Population
 (2012)[2]
 • Urban
7,359
 • District
29,968
 • District density21/km2 (55/sq mi)
Post code
75700
Websitewww.gole.bel.tr

Göle is a rural district, eighty per cent of the area comprising mountain and forest, with the remainder grazing land and meadow; the local economy depends on this grazing. Göle is famous for its yellow kaşar cheese. Some crops are grown, including grains and potatoes. With the high Allahuekber mountains to the south Göle is exposed to the north resulting in cold winters.

History

The name derives from Armenian calling of this place - Kogh. Other version: the name derives from ancient kingdom of Colchis. In ancient times this land was part of Urartu. In 4th century BC, it was part of Kingdom of Iberia and remained as one of the district of Duchy of Tsunda. Since 2nd century BC to 4th century AD this place was a part of Greater Armenia. During subsequent centuries it frequently changed hands between Iberians and Armenians. In the 7th century it passed to the Arab Caliphate. In 8th century it became part of Kuropalatine of Iberia in struggle against the Arab occupation. During the 10th-15th centuries, this region was a part of the united Georgian Kingdom. In the 16th century it was the independent Principality of Samtskhe until it was occupied and annexed by the Ottoman Empire and organized into Childir Eyalet.

today Kola is known as Göle and it is district in Ardahan Province of Turkey.

Kola was occupied by the Russian Empire from 1878 until the end of the First World War, when it was part of the militarily administered Kars Oblast. The district included villages inhabited by various ethnic groups, including 40 Turkish and 13 Caucasian Greek villages.[3] It finally became part of the Republic of Turkey on September 30, 1920 after the Armenian control between 1919-1920. In 1918 region was controlled by Democratic Republic of Georgia, in 1921 it was conquered by Turkey. Places of interest to visitors include the tomb and mosque in the village of Dedeşen and the castles of Kalecik and Ugurtaşı.

Climate

Göle has a humid continental climate that has warmer overnight lows and winters than provincial capital Ardahan. Although having cold winters, Göle has warm summers and is therefore too warm by a good margin to be a subalpine climate. Ardahan has a more seasonal climate, with Göle being more moderate in its swings. During winter, Göle and Ardahan see temperature inversion, resulting in Göle at a higher elevation being milder than the colder frost hollow of Ardahan in the valley. Therefore, Ardahan is the coldest town in Turkey.

Climate data for Göle
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) −4.0
(24.8)		 −2.6
(27.3)		 1.7
(35.1)		 9.2
(48.6)		 14.1
(57.4)		 18.4
(65.1)		 22.7
(72.9)		 23.2
(73.8)		 19.6
(67.3)		 12.7
(54.9)		 5.5
(41.9)		 −1.7
(28.9)		 9.9
(49.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) −9.4
(15.1)		 −8.3
(17.1)		 −3.4
(25.9)		 4.0
(39.2)		 8.2
(46.8)		 11.7
(53.1)		 15.4
(59.7)		 15.4
(59.7)		 11.7
(53.1)		 6.1
(43.0)		 0.3
(32.5)		 −6.3
(20.7)		 3.8
(38.8)
Average low °C (°F) −14.8
(5.4)		 −13.9
(7.0)		 −8.4
(16.9)		 −1.2
(29.8)		 2.4
(36.3)		 5.0
(41.0)		 8.1
(46.6)		 7.6
(45.7)		 3.8
(38.8)		 −0.5
(31.1)		 −4.8
(23.4)		 −10.7
(12.7)		 −2.3
(27.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 26
(1.0)		 30
(1.2)		 36
(1.4)		 57
(2.2)		 84
(3.3)		 82
(3.2)		 55
(2.2)		 46
(1.8)		 34
(1.3)		 46
(1.8)		 39
(1.5)		 30
(1.2)		 565
(22.1)
Source: Climate-Data.org[4]

Accommodation

There are several hotels in the town.

Villages of the district

The old names of the villages are noted after in parentheses.

References
  1. "Area of regions (including lakes), km²". Regional Statistics Database. Turkish Statistical Institute. 2002. Retrieved 2013-03-05.
  2. "Population of province/district centers and towns/villages by districts - 2012". Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS) Database. Turkish Statistical Institute. Retrieved 2013-02-27.
  3. List of the Greek villages of Καρς, ΜΕΡΤΙΝΙΚ, "13 ελληνικά χωριά της Γκιόλιας" ["13 Greek villages of Giolia"], pontosworld
  4. "Göle climate table - Historical Weather Data". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
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