CD59

CD59
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1CDQ, 1CDR, 1CDS, 1ERG, 1ERH, 2J8B, 2OFS, 2UWR, 2UX2, 4BIK
Identifiers
Aliases	CD59, 16.3A5, 1F5, EJ16, EJ30, EL32, G344, HRF-20, HRF20, MAC-IP, MACIF, MEM43, MIC11, MIN1, MIN2, MIN3, MIRL, MSK21, p18-20, CD59 molecule, CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)
External IDs	OMIM: 107271 MGI: 1888996 HomoloGene: 56386 GeneCards: CD59
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 11 (human)[1]
End	33,736,491 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 2 (mouse)[2]
End	104,091,187 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern
	; ; ; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	• GO:0001948 protein binding; • complement binding;
Cellular component	• vesicle; • endoplasmic reticulum membrane; • membrane; • focal adhesion; • Golgi membrane; • cell membrane; • extracellular region; • cell surface; • compact myelin; • anchored component of external side of plasma membrane; • ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane; • anchored component of membrane; • sarcolemma; • extracellular exosome; • endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane; • extracellular; • specific granule membrane; • tertiary granule membrane; • transport vesicle;
Biological process	• blood coagulation; • negative regulation of apoptotic process; • negative regulation of activation of membrane attack complex; • ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport; • cell surface receptor signaling pathway; • COPII vesicle coating; • positive regulation of T cell proliferation; • regulation of complement activation; • cell activation; • neutrophil degranulation; • regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	966
	333883
	ENSG00000085063
	ENSMUSG00000068686
	P13987; Q6FHM9
	P58019
NM_203331; NM_000611; NM_001127223; NM_001127225; NM_001127226;
	NM_001127227; NM_203329; NM_203330
	NM_181858; NM_001368215
NP_000602; NP_001120695; NP_001120697; NP_001120698; NP_001120699;
	NP_976074; NP_976075; NP_976076; NP_000602.1; NP_001120695.1; NP_001120697.1; NP_001120698.1; NP_001120699.1; NP_976074.1; NP_976075.1; NP_976076.1
	NP_862906; NP_001355144
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

CD59 glycoprotein, also known as MAC-inhibitory protein (MAC-IP), membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis (MIRL), or protectin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD59 gene.[5] It belongs to the LY6/uPAR/alpha-neurotoxin protein family.[6]

CD59 attaches to host cells via a glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. When complement activation leads to deposition of C5b678 on host cells, CD59 can prevent C9 from polymerizing and forming the complement membrane attack complex.[7] It may also signal the cell to perform active measures such as endocytosis of the CD59-CD9 complex.[6]

Mutations affecting GPI that reduce expression of CD59 and decay-accelerating factor on red blood cells result in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.[8]

Viruses such as HIV, human cytomegalovirus and vaccinia incorporate host cell CD59 into their own viral envelope to prevent lysis by complement.[9]

References

GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000085063 - Ensembl, May 2017
GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000068686 - Ensembl, May 2017
"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
"Entrez Gene: CD59 molecule, complement regulatory protein".
Maio M, Brasoveanu LI, Coral S, Sigalotti L, Lamaj E, Gasparollo A, Visintin A, Altomonte M, Fonsatti E (Aug 1998). "Structure, distribution, and functional role of protectin (CD59) in complement-susceptibility and in immunotherapy of human malignancies (Review)". International Journal of Oncology. 13 (2): 305–18. doi:10.3892/ijo.13.2.305. PMID 9664126.
Huang Y, Qiao F, Abagyan R, Hazard S, Tomlinson S (September 2006). "Defining the CD59-C9 binding interaction". J. Biol. Chem. 281 (37): 27398–27404. doi:10.1074/jbc.M603690200. PMID 16844690.
Parker C, Omine M, Richards S, et al. (2005). "Diagnosis and management of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria". Blood. 106 (12): 3699–709. doi:10.1182/blood-2005-04-1717. PMC 1895106. PMID 16051736.
Bohana-Kashtan O, Ziporen L, Donin N, Kraus S, Fishelson Z (July 2004). "Cell signals transduced by complement". Mol. Immunol. 41 (6–7): 583–597. doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2004.04.007. PMID 15219997.

Tandon N, Morgan BP, Weetman AP (1992). "Expression and function of membrane attack complex inhibitory proteins on thyroid follicular cells". Immunology. 75 (2): 372–7. PMC 1384722. PMID 1372592.
Holmes CH, Simpson KL, Okada H, et al. (1992). "Complement regulatory proteins at the feto-maternal interface during human placental development: distribution of CD59 by comparison with membrane cofactor protein (CD46) and decay accelerating factor (CD55)". Eur. J. Immunol. 22 (6): 1579–1585. doi:10.1002/eji.1830220635. PMID 1376264.
Hahn WC, Menu E, Bothwell AL, et al. (1992). "Overlapping but nonidentical binding sites on CD2 for CD58 and a second ligand CD59". Science. 256 (5065): 1805–1807. doi:10.1126/science.1377404. PMID 1377404.
Ninomiya H, Sims PJ (1992). "The human complement regulatory protein CD59 binds to the alpha-chain of C8 and to the "b"domain of C9". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (19): 13675–80. PMID 1377690.
Petranka JG, Fleenor DE, Sykes K, et al. (1992). "Structure of the CD59-encoding gene: further evidence of a relationship to murine lymphocyte antigen Ly-6 protein". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (17): 7876–7879. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.17.7876. PMC 49817. PMID 1381503.
Motoyama N, Okada N, Yamashina M, Okada H (1992). "Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria due to hereditary nucleotide deletion in the HRF20 (CD59) gene". Eur. J. Immunol. 22 (10): 2669–2673. doi:10.1002/eji.1830221029. PMID 1382994.
Rooney IA, Morgan BP (1992). "Characterization of the membrane attack complex inhibitory protein CD59 antigen on human amniotic cells and in amniotic fluid". Immunology. 76 (4): 541–7. PMC 1421564. PMID 1383132.
Tone M, Walsh LA, Waldmann H (1992). "Gene structure of human CD59 and demonstration that discrete mRNAs are generated by alternative polyadenylation". J. Mol. Biol. 227 (3): 971–976. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(92)90239-G. PMID 1383553.
Philbrick WM, Palfree RG, Maher SE, et al. (1990). "The CD59 antigen is a structural homologue of murine Ly-6 antigens but lacks interferon inducibility". Eur. J. Immunol. 20 (1): 87–92. doi:10.1002/eji.1830200113. PMID 1689664.
Sawada R, Ohashi K, Anaguchi H, et al. (1990). "Isolation and expression of the full-length cDNA encoding CD59 antigen of human lymphocytes". DNA Cell Biol. 9 (3): 213–220. doi:10.1089/dna.1990.9.213. PMID 1692709.
Yamashina M, Ueda E, Kinoshita T, et al. (1990). "Inherited complete deficiency of 20-kilodalton homologous restriction factor (CD59) as a cause of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria". N. Engl. J. Med. 323 (17): 1184–1189. doi:10.1056/NEJM199010253231707. PMID 1699124.
Rooney IA, Morgan BP (1991). "Protection of human amniotic epithelial cells (HAEC) from complement-mediated lysis: expression on the cells of three complement inhibitory membrane proteins". Immunology. 71 (3): 308–11. PMC 1384423. PMID 1702747.
Watts MJ, Dankert JR, Morgan EP (1990). "Isolation and characterization of a membrane-attack-complex-inhibiting protein present in human serum and other biological fluids". Biochem. J. 265 (2): 471–7. doi:10.1042/bj2650471. PMC 1136908. PMID 2302178.
Okada H, Nagami Y, Takahashi K, et al. (1989). "20 KDa homologous restriction factor of complement resembles T cell activating protein". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 162 (3): 1553–1559. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(89)90852-8. PMID 2475111.
Davies A, Simmons DL, Hale G, et al. (1989). "CD59, an LY-6-like protein expressed in human lymphoid cells, regulates the action of the complement membrane attack complex on homologous cells". J. Exp. Med. 170 (3): 637–654. doi:10.1084/jem.170.3.637. PMC 2189447. PMID 2475570.
Sawada R, Ohashi K, Okano K, et al. (1989). "Complementary DNA sequence and deduced peptide sequence for CD59/MEM-43 antigen, the human homologue of murine lymphocyte antigen Ly-6C". Nucleic Acids Res. 17 (16): 6728. doi:10.1093/nar/17.16.6728. PMC 318369. PMID 2476718.
Sugita Y, Tobe T, Oda E, et al. (1990). "Molecular cloning and characterization of MACIF, an inhibitor of membrane channel formation of complement". J. Biochem. 106 (4): 555–7. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a122893. PMID 2606909.
Bora NS, Gobleman CL, Atkinson JP, et al. (1994). "Differential expression of the complement regulatory proteins in the human eye". Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 34 (13): 3579–84. PMID 7505007.
Kieffer B, Driscoll PC, Campbell ID, et al. (1994). "Three-dimensional solution structure of the extracellular region of the complement regulatory protein CD59, a new cell-surface protein domain related to snake venom neurotoxins". Biochemistry. 33 (15): 4471–4482. doi:10.1021/bi00181a006. PMID 7512825.
Kennedy SP, Rollins SA, Burton WV, et al. (1994). "Protection of porcine aortic endothelial cells from complement-mediated cell lysis and activation by recombinant human CD59". Transplantation. 57 (10): 1494–501. doi:10.1097/00007890-199405000-00017. PMID 7515200.

External links

CD59+Antigen at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Human CD59 genome location and CD59 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000085063 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000068686 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[5] "Entrez Gene: CD59 molecule, complement regulatory protein".

[pmid9664126-6] Maio M, Brasoveanu LI, Coral S, Sigalotti L, Lamaj E, Gasparollo A, Visintin A, Altomonte M, Fonsatti E (Aug 1998). "Structure, distribution, and functional role of protectin (CD59) in complement-susceptibility and in immunotherapy of human malignancies (Review)". International Journal of Oncology. 13 (2): 305–18. doi:10.3892/ijo.13.2.305. PMID 9664126.

[pmid16844690-7] Huang Y, Qiao F, Abagyan R, Hazard S, Tomlinson S (September 2006). "Defining the CD59-C9 binding interaction". J. Biol. Chem. 281 (37): 27398–27404. doi:10.1074/jbc.M603690200. PMID 16844690.

[parker2005-8] Parker C, Omine M, Richards S, et al. (2005). "Diagnosis and management of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria". Blood. 106 (12): 3699–709. doi:10.1182/blood-2005-04-1717. PMC 1895106. PMID 16051736.

[pmid15219997-9] Bohana-Kashtan O, Ziporen L, Donin N, Kraus S, Fishelson Z (July 2004). "Cell signals transduced by complement". Mol. Immunol. 41 (6–7): 583–597. doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2004.04.007. PMID 15219997.

Proteins: clusters of differentiation (see also list of human clusters of differentiation)
1–50	CD1 a-c 1A 1B 1D 1E CD2 CD3 γ δ ε CD4 CD5 CD6 CD7 CD8 a CD9 CD10 CD11 a b c d CD13 CD14 CD15 CD16 A B CD18 CD19 CD20 CD21 CD22 CD23 CD24 CD25 CD26 CD27 CD28 CD29 CD30 CD31 CD32 A B CD33 CD34 CD35 CD36 CD37 CD38 CD39 CD40 CD41 CD42 a b c d CD43 CD44 CD45 CD46 CD47 CD48 CD49 a b c d e f CD50
51–100	CD51 CD52 CD53 CD54 CD55 CD56 CD57 CD58 CD59 CD61 CD62 E L P CD63 CD64 A B C CD66 a b c d e f CD68 CD69 CD70 CD71 CD72 CD73 CD74 CD78 CD79 a b CD80 CD81 CD82 CD83 CD84 CD85 a d e h j k CD86 CD87 CD88 CD89 CD90 CD91 - CD92 CD93 CD94 CD95 CD96 CD97 CD98 CD99 CD100
101–150	CD101 CD102 CD103 CD104 CD105 CD106 CD107 a b CD108 CD109 CD110 CD111 CD112 CD113 CD114 CD115 CD116 CD117 CD118 CD119 CD120 a b CD121 a b CD122 CD123 CD124 CD125 CD126 CD127 CD129 CD130 CD131 CD132 CD133 CD134 CD135 CD136 CD137 CD138 CD140b CD141 CD142 CD143 CD144 CD146 CD147 CD148 CD150
151–200	CD151 CD152 CD153 CD154 CD155 CD156 a b c CD157 CD158 (a d e i k) CD159 a c CD160 CD161 CD162 CD163 CD164 CD166 CD167 a b CD168 CD169 CD170 CD171 CD172 a b g CD174 CD177 CD178 CD179 a b CD180 CD181 CD182 CD183 CD184 CD185 CD186 CD191 CD192 CD193 CD194 CD195 CD196 CD197 CDw198 CDw199 CD200
201–250	CD201 CD202b CD204 CD205 CD206 CD207 CD208 CD209 CDw210 a b CD212 CD213a 1 2 CD217 CD218 (a b) CD220 CD221 CD222 CD223 CD224 CD225 CD226 CD227 CD228 CD229 CD230 CD233 CD234 CD235 a b CD236 CD238 CD239 CD240CE CD240D CD241 CD243 CD244 CD246 CD247 - CD248 CD249
251–300	CD252 CD253 CD254 CD256 CD257 CD258 CD261 CD262 CD263 CD264 CD265 CD266 CD267 CD268 CD269 CD271 CD272 CD273 CD274 CD275 CD276 CD278 CD279 CD280 CD281 CD282 CD283 CD284 CD286 CD288 CD289 CD290 CD292 CDw293 CD294 CD295 CD297 CD298 CD299
301–350	CD300A CD301 CD302 CD303 CD304 CD305 CD306 CD307 CD309 CD312 CD314 CD315 CD316 CD317 CD318 CD320 CD321 CD322 CD324 CD325 CD326 CD328 CD329 CD331 CD332 CD333 CD334 CD335 CD336 CD337 CD338 CD339 CD340 CD344 CD349 CD350

CD59

References

Further reading

External links