Arbonne

Arbonne (Basque: Arbona) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of southwestern France.

This article is about the French village. For the cosmetics company, see Arbonne International.
Arbonne

Arbona
Commune
The Town Hall
Coat of arms
Location of Arbonne
Arbonne
Arbonne
Coordinates: 43°25′58″N 1°33′00″W
CountryFrance
RegionNouvelle-Aquitaine
DepartmentPyrénées-Atlantiques
ArrondissementBayonne
CantonUstaritz-Vallées de Nive et Nivelle
IntercommunalityCA Pays Basque
Government
 • Mayor (2008–2020) Marie-Josèphe Mialocq
Area
1
10.59 km2 (4.09 sq mi)
Population
 (2017-01-01)[1]
2,223
 • Density210/km2 (540/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code
64035 /64210
Elevation5–94 m (16–308 ft)
(avg. 21 m or 69 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Arbonars[2][3]

Geography

Arbonne is located some 6 km south of Biarritz and 3 km east of Bidart. It is part of the Urban area of Bayonne and is located in the former province of Labourd. Access to the commune is by road D255 from Biarritz in the north passing through the village and continuing south to Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle. The D655 branches off the D255 in the south of the commune and goes to Ahetze. The A63 autoroute passes through the northern tip of the commune but has no access from the commune. In the south of the commune is the hamlet of Le Hameau d'Arbonne. The rest of the commune is mainly farmland with patches of forest especially in the north.

Located in the drainage basin of the Adour, the commune is traversed by the Uhabia, a small coastal river that flows into the ocean at Bidart, and its tributaries: the Zirikolatzeko erreka and the Ruisseau d'Argelos.

The Ruisseau de Pemartin also flows through the commune and there is an extensive network of streams throughout the commune.[4]

Places and Hamlets[5]
  • Aguerrea
  • Alhorga[6]
  • Allexarrea
  • Arditegia
  • Arretxea
  • Berrueta
  • Cassoua
  • Diharzenea
  • Etchardia
  • Guichenea
  • Gure Egoitza
  • le Hameau d'Arbonne
  • Harriague[6]
  • Hegoasea
  • Katalienea
  • Kuttuenea
  • Larreburua
  • Magnienea
  • Menta[6]
  • Mestelan Beherea[6]
  • Mestelania
  • Moleresia
  • Mundustenea
  • Pemartikoborda
  • Pemartin[6]
  • Perukain[6]
  • La Place[6]
  • le Pouy[6]
  • Saskoenea
  • Tribulenea
  • Xantxienea
  • Xokobia
  • Ziburria
  • Ziburriako Errota

Toponymy

The commune name in Basque is Arbona.[7]

Brigitte Jobbé-Duval[3] indicated that 'Arbona meant "place of tree stumps".

The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune.

NameSpellingDateSourcePageOriginDescription
ArbonneNarbona1186Raymond
9
BayonneVillage
Narbone1349Orpustan
Alhorgako ErrekaL'Alhorga1863Raymond
5
A tributary of the Uhabia flowing from Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle and Ahetze
BerruetaBerhouetta1863Raymond
28
Farm
HarriagueHarriague1863Raymond
76
Hamlet
HurmalagueHurmalague1863Raymond
80
Hamlet
MentaMenta1198Raymond
112
BayonneHamlet
Mente1523Raymond
112
Chapter
Mestelan BehereaMestelan1760Raymond
112
CollationsFarm (a prebend of this name was present in the Arbonne church)
Mesthelan1863Raymond
112
PemartinPémartin1863Raymond
133
Farm
PerukainPerucam13th centuryRaymond
134
BayonneHamlet
Pérucain1863Raymond
La PlaceLa Place1863Raymond
135
Hamlet
Le Pouyla chapelle de Pouy près Bayonne1751Raymond
139
IntendanceFarm
Pouy1863Raymond
139

Sources:

Origins:

  • Bayonne: Cartulary of Bayonne or Livre d'Or (Book of Gold)[8]
  • Collations: Collations of the Diocese of Bayonne[9]
  • Chapter: Titles of the Chapter of Bayonne[10]
  • Intendance: Intendance of Pau[11]

History

The oldest lord of Arbonne whose names are known are from the Sault family, Viscounts of Labourd. At the end of the 14th century the lordship was owned by the Saint-Julien family (originally from Lower Navarre) and then in 1408 to the Amezqueta family.[12]

The Act of 4 March 1790,[13] which determined the new administrative landscape of France by creating departments and districts, created the Department of Basses-Pyrénées to bring together Béarn, the Gascon lands in Bayonne and Bidache, and three French Basque provinces. For these three provinces three districts were created: Mauléon, Saint-Palais, and Ustaritz which replaced the Bailiwick of Labourd. The seat of Ustaritz was transferred almost immediately to Bayonne. Its Directorate pushed many municipalities into adopting new names conforming to the spirit of the Revolution. Arbonne was called Constante,[14] Ustaritz became Marat-sur-Nive, Itxassou Union, Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry Thermopyles, Saint-Palais Mont-Bidouze, Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port Nive-Franche, Louhossoa Montagne-sur-Nive, Saint-Jean-de-Luz Chauvin-Dragon, Ainhoa Mendiarte, and Souraïde Mendialde.

Heraldry
Arms of Arbonne
 Adopted by the Town Council on 20 May 1988.[12]

Blazon:
Or, a Tauzin oak Vert accompanied at sinister by a bear Sable attached to the trunk of the tree and at dexter two nails of Sable posed in chevron inverted.

Administration

List of Successive Mayors[15][16]

Mayors from the French Revolution to 1943
FromToNamePartyPosition
1790?1794Daguerre
17941795Dominique DuhartMayor of Constante which united Arbonne, Arcangues, and Bassussarry
1795Jean LabordeMayor of Constante
18141817Pierre Landaboure
18171822Jean Diharce
18221823Martin Hegoas
18231827Charles Borotra
18271840Mathieu Duhart
18401842Hirigoyen
18421849Doyhenard
18491859Laborde
18591864Michel Dokhelar
18641876Laurent Hirigoyen
18761881Jean Dufau
18811896Jean Borotra
18961904Jean Dufau
19041943Bernard Housset
Mayors from 1943
FromToNamePartyPosition
19431945Jean Hegoas
19451948Émile Martin
19531971André Gromard
19711977Didier Borotra
19771995Bernard AbeberryThe council elected in 1983 had two women for the first time
19952008Jean Bareille
20082020Marie-Josèphe Mialocq

(Not all data is known)

Inter-communality

Arbonne is part of nine inter-communal structures:

  • the Agglomération Sud Pays Basque;
  • the SIVOM of Arbonne-Arcangues-Bassussarry;
  • the SIVU of Arbonne-Bidart;
  • the Ouhabia association;
  • the mixed association of Bizi Garbia;
  • the Association for promotion of basque culture;
  • the mixed association for management of Ura drinking water;
  • the mixed association for sanitation in Ura;
  • the Energy association of Pyrénées-Atlantiques.

The commune is part of the Eurocité basque Bayonne-San Sebastian (fr) (a cross-border association to develop the area from Bayonne in France to San Sebastian in Spain).

Demography

In 2009 the commune had 1,993 inhabitants. The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known from the population censuses conducted in the commune since 1793. From the 21st century, a census of communes with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants is held every five years, unlike larger towns that have a sample survey every year.[Note 1]

Population change (See database)
1793 1800 1806 1821 1831 1836 1841 1846 1851
608 555 560 520 690 745 715 708 700
1856 1861 1866 1872 1876 1881 1886 1891 1896
685 700 705 733 724 790 800 770 759
1901 1906 1911 1921 1926 1931 1936 1946 1954
764 789 788 689 763 866 980 763 614
1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2006 2009 -
628 648 819 1,196 1,366 1,375 1,460 1,993 -
Population of Arbonne

Economy

The commune is part of the Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) zone of Ossau-iraty.

Culture and heritage
The Church of Saint-Laurent
The old benoîterie
Old Hilarri in the cemetery

According to the Map of the Seven Basque Provinces by Prince Louis-Lucien Bonaparte the basque dialect spoken in Arbonne is northern Upper Navarrese

Religious heritage

The commune has two buildings that are registered as historical monuments:

  • The Church of Saint-Laurent (12th century).[17] It is of a medium size with an arched Bell-gable characteristic of Labourd religious buildings. Some old Hilarri are visible in the cemetery.
  • The old Benoîterie d'Arbonne (16th century)[18] The Benoîterie was the residence of the Benoîte or guardian of the church and cemetery and is now the venue for exhibitions (paintings, crafts).

Facilities
Health

The commune has a general practitioner, three nurses, a speech therapist, a physiotherapist, and a dentist - all in the village centre.

Education

Arbonne has two primary schools, one public and one private (Saint-Laurent school)

Notable people linked to the commune
  • Jean Borotra - called the Basque bondissant (the Bounding Basque), born in 1898 at Biarritz and died in 1994 at Arbonne, a tennis player and French politician
  • Bernard Béreau, born in 1940 at Arbonne and died in 2005, he was a French footballer
  • Marie-Michèle Beaufils, born in 1949 at Arbonne, she is a contemporary writer

See also

Bibliography
  • Arbonne, Arbona, Collective work under the direction of Hubert Lamant-Duhart, Ekaina, 1988 (in French)

Notes and references

Notes
  1. At the beginning of the 21st century, the methods of identification have been modified by Law No. 2002-276 of 27 February 2002 Archived 6 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, the so-called "law of local democracy" and in particular Title V "census operations" allows, after a transitional period running from 2004 to 2008, the annual publication of the legal population of the different French administrative districts. For communes with a population greater than 10,000 inhabitants, a sample survey is conducted annually, the entire territory of these communes is taken into account at the end of the period of five years. The first "legal population" after 1999 under this new law came into force on 1 January 2009 and was based on the census of 2006.

References
  1. "Populations légales 2017". INSEE. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
  2. Inhabitants of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (in French)
  3. Brigitte Jobbé-Duval, Dictionary of place names - Pyrénées-Atlantiques, 2009, Archives and Culture, ISBN 978-2-35077-151-9 (in French)
  4. Google Maps
  5. Géoportail, IGN (in French)
  6. Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, Paul Raymond, Imprimerie nationale, 1863, Digitised from Lyon Public Library 15 June 2011 (in French)
  7. Euskaltzaindia - Academy of the Basque language (Basque)
  8. Manuscript from the 14th century in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (in French)
  9. Manuscripts from the 17th and 18th centuries in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (in French)
  10. Chapter of Bayonne in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (in French)
  11. Titles of the intendance of Pau - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (in French)
  12. Hubert Lamant-Duhart, Arbonne, Arbona, Collective work under the direction of Hubert Lamant-Duhart, Ekaina, 1988 (in French)
  13. Philippe Veyrin, The Basques, Arthaud, 1947, reprinted 1975, ISBN 2 7003 0038 6, p. 185 (in French)
  14. Communal Notice for Arbonne, consulted on 7 July 2012 (in French).
  15. Hubert Lamant-Duhart in Arbonne, Arbona, Collective work under the direction of Hubert Lamant-Duhart, Ekaina, 1988, p. 213 (in French)
  16. List of Mayors of France
  17. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée PA00084554 Church of Saint-Laurent (in French)
  18. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée PA00084551 Benoîterie d'Arbonne (in French)
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