1871 in Canada
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| Years in Canada: | 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 |
| Centuries: | 18th century · 19th century · 20th century |
| Decades: | 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s |
| Years: | 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 |
| Part of a series on the |
| History of Canada |
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| Historically significant |
| Topics |
| By Provinces and Territories |
| See also |
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Events from the year 1871 in Canada.
Incumbents
Federal government
Provincial governments
Canada provinces 1871–1873
Lieutenant governors
- Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia – Joseph Trutch (from July 5)
- Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba – Adams George Archibald
- Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick – Lemuel Allan Wilmot
- Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia – Charles Hastings Doyle
- Lieutenant Governor of Ontario – William Pearce Howland
- Lieutenant Governor of Quebec – Narcisse-Fortunat Belleau
Premiers
- Premier of British Columbia – John Foster McCreight (from November 14)
- Premier of Manitoba – Alfred Boyd (until December 14) then Marc-Amable Girard
- Premier of New Brunswick – George Edwin King (until February 21) then George Luther Hathaway
- Premier of Nova Scotia – William Annand
- Premier of Ontario – John Sandfield Macdonald (until December 20) then Edward Blake
- Premier of Quebec – Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau
Territorial governments
Lieutenant governors
- Lieutenant Governor of the Northwest Territories – Adams George Archibald
Elections
- March 21 – The 1871 Ontario election: Edward Blake's Liberals win a majority, defeating J. S. Macdonald's Liberal-Conservatives
- May 16 – The 1871 Nova Scotia election: William Annand's Liberals win a second consecutive majority
- Oct 16 – Dec 15 – The 1871 British Columbia election [1]
Events
January to June
- March 15 – Beginning of the first session of the 1st Manitoba Legislature
- April 2 – The first Canadian census finds the population to be 3,689,257
- May 8 – The Treaty of Washington reaches agreements on fishing rights and Great Lakes trade between Canada and the United States
- May 17 – New Brunswick abandons separate schools.
July to December
- July 15 – Phoebe Campbell murders her husband with an axe. She is hanged the next year.
- July 20 – British Columbia joins Confederation.
- July 25 – Treaty 1, the first of a number of treaties with western Canada's First Nations, is signed
- August 17 – Treaty 2 is signed
- November 11 – The last of the British Army leaves Canada
- November 13 – John McCreight becomes the first premier of British Columbia
- December 14 – Marc-Amable Girard becomes the first Franco-Manitoban of premier of Manitoba, replacing Alfred Boyd
- December 20 – Edward Blake becomes premier of Ontario, replacing J. S. Macdonald.
Full date unknown
- Meteorological Service of Canada is formed
- Parliament legalizes the use of the metric system
- Goldwin Smith immigrates to Canada
- Ontario Schools Act is passed in Ontario, requiring all students aged 7 to 12 to attend school.
- The 1871 Quebec election : Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau's Conservatives win a second consecutive majority
Births
George Stewart Henry
- January 30 – Wilfred Lucas, actor, film director and screenwriter (d.1940)
- May 14 – Walter Stanley Monroe, businessman, politician and Prime Minister of Newfoundland (d.1952)
- July 16 – George Stewart Henry, politician and 10th Premier of Ontario (d.1958)
- July 25 – Richard Ernest William Turner, soldier and recipient of the Victoria Cross (d.1961)
- August 4 – Robert Hamilton Butts, politician (d.1943)
- September 8 – Samuel McLaughlin, businessman and philanthropist (d.1972)
- September 9 – Hugh Robson, politician and judge
- October 31 – Alexander Stirling MacMillan, businessman, politician and Premier of Nova Scotia (d.1955)
- December 2 – Stanislas Blanchard, politician (d.1949)
- December 13 – Emily Carr, artist and writer (d.1945)
Deaths
Modeste Demers
- January 29 – Philippe-Joseph Aubert de Gaspé, lawyer, writer, fifth and last seigneur of Saint-Jean-Port-Joli (L'Islet County) (b.1786)
- January 31 – John Ross, lawyer, politician, and businessman. (b. 1818)
- February 20 – Paul Kane, artist (b.1810)
- March 11 – John Heckman, political figure (b.1785)
- July 28 – Modeste Demers, missionary (b.1809)
- September 23 – Louis-Joseph Papineau, lawyer, politician and reformist (b.1786)
- November 18 – Enos Collins, seaman, merchant, financier, and legislator (b.1774)
Historical Documents
Editorial says Confederation is British Columbia's chance to remake itself[2]
Canada should refuse to permanently share its inshore fishery with the U.S.A.[3]
Manitoba Lieutenant Governor Archibald agrees to release four Indigenous prisoners before negotiating Treaty 1 [4]
Fenian raid on Manitoba stopped at the border[5]
Manitoba Lieutenant Governor thanks residents for rising to resist the Fenian invasion[6]
References
- https://elections.bc.ca/docs/rpt/1871-1986_ElectoralHistoryofBC.pdf
- "The Great Duty of the Hour," The Daily British Colonist and Victoria Chronicle, Vol. 25, No. 117 (April 28, 1871), pg. 2. Accessed 11 September 2018 https://archive.org/stream/dailycolonist18710428uvic/18710428#page/n0/mode/1up
- Joseph Pope, Memoirs of the Right Honourable Sir John Alexander Macdonald, G.C.B., First Prime Minister of the Dominion of Canada (London: Edward Arnold, 1894), pgs. 90-1. Accessed 11 September 2018 https://archive.org/stream/memoirsofrightho02popeiala#page/90/mode/2up
- Report of the Indian Branch of the Department of the Secretary of State for the Provinces, 1871, pgs. 14-15. Accessed 30 January 2020 http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/aboriginal-heritage/first-nations/indian-affairs-annual-reports/Pages/item.aspx?IdNumber=154
- Adams George Archibald, Return to an Address of the House of Commons...for Copies of All Correspondence with Lieut.-Governor A.G. Archibald, of Manitoba...Regarding the Fenian Invasion of Manitoba, pgs. 4–5. Accessed 11 September 2018 http://peel.library.ualberta.ca/bibliography/538/4.html
- House of Commons, Report of the Select Committee on the Causes of the Difficulties in the North-West Territory in 1869–70 (Ottawa: Printed by I.B. Taylor, 1874), pgs. 147-9. Accessed 11 September 2018 http://peel.library.ualberta.ca/bibliography/544/156.html
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