1868 in Canada
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| Years in Canada: | 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 |
| Centuries: | 18th century · 19th century · 20th century |
| Decades: | 1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s |
| Years: | 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 |
| Part of a series on the |
| History of Canada |
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| Historically significant |
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| By Provinces and Territories |
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Events from the year 1868 in Canada.
Incumbents
Federal government
Provincial governments
Lieutenant governors
- Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick – Francis Pym Harding (until July 23) then Lemuel Allan Wilmot
- Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia – Charles Hastings Doyle
- Lieutenant Governor of Ontario – Henry William Stisted (until July 15) then William Pearce Howland
- Lieutenant Governor of Quebec – Narcisse-Fortunat Belleau
Premiers
Colonies
- Secretary of State for the Colonies – The Duke of Buckingham and Chandos then The Earl Granville
Governors
- Colonial Governor of Newfoundland – Anthony Musgrave
- Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island – George Dundas (until October 22) then Robert Hodgson
- Governor of the United Colonies of Vancouver Island and British Columbia – Frederick Seymour
Premiers
- Colonial Prime Minister of Newfoundland – Frederick Carter
- Premier of Colony of Prince Edward Island – George Coles
Events
- March 4 — Royal College of Dental Surgeons of Ontario established
- April 7 — Father of Confederation Thomas D'Arcy McGee is assassinated in Ottawa by Irish Fenians.
- May 26 - The Canadian flag is unofficially introduced.
Full date unknown
Louis Riel returns to the Red River area
- The Hudson's Bay Company agrees to turn Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory over to Canada
- The first Federal Militia Act is passed, creating a Canadian army
- George-Étienne Cartier created a Baronet
Births
January to June
- January 16 — Octavia Ritchie, first woman to receive a medical degree in Quebec
- January 22 — Adjutor Rivard, lawyer, writer, judge and linguist (died 1945)
- February 16 — John Babington Macaulay Baxter, lawyer, jurist and 18th Premier of New Brunswick (died 1946)
- March 14 — Emily Murphy, women's rights activist, jurist and author, first woman magistrate in Canada and in the British Empire (died 1933)
- April 27 — James Kidd Flemming, businessman, politician and 13th Premier of New Brunswick (died 1927)
- May 31 — Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire, politician and 11th Governor General of Canada (died 1938)
July to December
- July 8 — Henry Cockshutt, Lieutenant Governor of Ontario (died 1944)
- July 9 — William Alves Boys, politician and barrister (died 1938)
- August 25 — Arthur Puttee, politician (died 1957)
- August 26 — Charles Stewart, politician and 3rd Premier of Alberta (died 1946)
- September 1 — Henri Bourassa, politician and publisher (died 1952)
- September 22 — Louise McKinney, first woman sworn into the Legislative Assembly of Alberta and first woman elected to a legislature in Canada and in the British Empire (died 1931)
- September 28 — Herbert Alexander Bruce, surgeon and 15th Lieutenant Governor of Ontario (died 1963)
- November 9 — Marie Dressler, actress (died 1934)
- December 11 — William Parks, geologist and paleontologist (died 1936)
Deaths
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- January 19 — Frederic, Roman Catholic priest, missionary, and bishop (born 1797)
- January 25 — Alexander Roberts Dunn, first Canadian awarded the Victoria Cross (born 18)
- January 28 — Edmund Walker Head, Governor (born 1805)
- February 19 — Dominick Daly, politician (born 1798)
- April 7 — D'Arcy McGee, journalist, politician and Father of Confederation, assassinated (born 1825)
- August 7 — William Agar Adamson, Church of England clergyman and author (born 1800)
- September 12 — Charles Dickson Archibald, lawyer, businessman and politician (born 1802)
- October 17 — Laura Secord, heroine of the War of 1812 (born 1775)
Historical Documents
Political cartoon satirizes Nova Scotians' mixed feelings about Confederation[1]
Indigenous people assert claim to their reserve at Lake of Two Mountains (Oka), Quebec[2]
British spy addresses a large rally of Fenians[3]
Report by a visitor to newly opened settler lands in Muskoka, Ontario[4]
References
- John Henry Walker, "Cross Roads. Shall We Go to Washington First, or How(e)?" (first published in Diogenes, November 20, 1868). Accessed 9 September 2018 http://www.mccord-museum.qc.ca/en/collection/artifacts/M994X.5.273.34§ion=196
- Indian Branch, Department of the Secretary of State for the Provinces, "List of Copies of Documents[....]," Return[...]of all Correspondence between the Government and the Iroquois Indians of Two Mountains[....] (1870), pgs. 2-3; in Algonquin and Nipissing Indians of Oka Collection, McGill (University) Library. Accessed 15 January 2020 http://digitalarchives.library.mcgill.ca/RBSC/MSG317/rbsc_msg_317_no-greene-collection.pdf (turn to pg. 57 of this PDF file)
- Henri Le Caron, Twenty-Five Years in the Secret Service; The Recollections of a Spy (London: William Heinemann, 1892), pgs. 53-7. Accessed 9 September 2018 https://archive.org/stream/twentyfiveyearsi00leca#page/52/mode/2up
- "Visit to the Free Grant Lands of Canada," The (Tokomairiro, N.Z.) Bruce Herald, Vol. V, No. 238 (November 18, 1868), pg. 7. Accessed 9 September 2018 http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=BH18681118.1.7
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