Time in Brazil

Time in Brazil, since October 30, 2013.
Time in Brazil
     ACT Acre Time UTC−5 (BRT–2)
     AMT Amazon Time UTC−4 (BRT−1)
     AMT
AMST		 Amazon Time
Amazon Time DST		 UTC−4
UTC−3		 (BRT−1)
(BRT)
     BRT Brasilia Time UTC−3 (BRT)
     BRT
BRST		 Brasilia Time
Brasilia Time DST		 UTC−3
UTC−2		 (BRT)
(BRT+1)
     FNT Fernando de Noronha Time UTC−2 (BRT+1)
Daylight saving (summer) time zones from November to February (including the Southern Hemisphere summer).

Time in Brazil is calculated using standard time, and the country (including its offshore islands) is divided into four standard time zones: UTC−02:00, UTC−03:00, UTC−04:00 and UTC−05:00.

Only part of the country observes daylight saving time, or "summer time" (Portuguese: horário de verão), as it is officially called. These areas are the Southern, Southeast and Central-Western Brazilian states.

Time zones

Brasília time +1 (UTC−02:00)

This is the standard time zone only on a few small offshore Atlantic islands. The only such island with a permanent population is Fernando de Noronha, with 2,837 inhabitants (2013 estimate), 0.0014% of Brazil's population.[1] The other islands (Trindade, Martim Vaz, Rocas Atoll and Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago) either are totally uninhabited or have small seasonally rotating Brazilian Navy garrisons or teams of scientists.

This zone is at UTC−02:00 and it does not use daylight saving time.

Brasília time, BRT (UTC−03:00)

The main time zone of Brazil corresponds to the time at the national capital city, Brasília. All the other time zones are given as offsets to it.

In addition to the Federal District (which includes Brasília), it comprises the states in the Southeast, South and Northeast Regions, plus the states of Goiás, Tocantins, Pará and Amapá. The small islands mentioned above are excepted. Almost 94% of the Brazilian population live in this time zone, which covers about 60% of the country's land area.[1] The area comprises all six largest cities in Brazil (including Brasília).

Outside of summer time, it corresponds to UTC−03:00. During summer time, it changes to UTC−02:00, but this change is not followed by Northern and Northeastern states.

Brasília time −1 (UTC−04:00)

Outside of summer time, this time zone corresponds to UTC−04:00; during summer time, it changes to UTC−03:00, but this change is not followed by Northern states. This time zone is used in the states of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, and most of Amazonas. Although this time zone covers about 34% of the land area of Brazil (an area larger than Argentina), little more than 5% of the country's population live there (about 11 million people, less than the city of São Paulo).[1]

Until 2008, the areas of the state of Pará west of the Xingu River and north of the Amazon River were also part of this time zone; then they joined the rest of the state in observing Brasília time (UTC−03:00). Although other changes to Brazilian time zones enacted at that time have since been reverted (see below), Western and Northern Pará still remain in UTC−03:00.

Brasília time −2 (UTC−05:00)

This time zone was reinstated in 2013, after having been abolished for over five years. It is used in the far-western tip of the country, which includes the entire state of Acre and the southwestern portion of the state of Amazonas (west of a line connecting the cities of Tabatinga and Porto Acre, but in practice a somewhat larger area, because all municipalities that are at least partially west of that line follow this time zone in their entirety). These areas cover only about 6% of the Brazilian territory (although that is still about the size of France) and have only about 0.5% of the country's population (little more than 1 million people).[1]

On 24 June 2008, these areas advanced their clocks by an hour, so that they became part of the UTC−04:00 time zone.[2] However, in a non-binding referendum held on 31 October 2010, a slight majority of Acre voters voted in favour of returning the state to the UTC-05.[3] On 30 October 2013, Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff enacted Law 12876, establishing that the time zone switch would occur on Sunday, 10 November 2013.[4] Since then, the state of Acre and 13 municipalities in the southwestern part of the state of Amazonas[5] are again 5 hours behind UTC.

No part of this time zone observes daylight saving time.[6]

Unofficial observance

Unofficially, 32 municipalities in Mato Grosso[7] and three in Goiás,[8] located in the Araguaia valley, observe UTC−03:00 all year. Therefore, these municipalities observe the legal time in the rest of their states only during summer time (in Mato Grosso) or during standard time (in Goiás). This practice started in Barra do Garças in 1998. Banks and government services still observe the legal time in these locations.[9][10][11]

Daylight saving time

Until 2017, daylight saving time (DST; Portuguese: horário de verão) started on the third Sunday of October and ended on the third Sunday of February. Beginning in 2018, DST will start on the first Sunday of November, while still ending on the third Sunday of February. Therefore, DST will become two or three weeks shorter. On December 15, 2017, President Michel Temer signed a decree instituting the change, because the usual Brazilian election calendar made runoff elections and their vote tallying occur after the switch to DST, causing anomalies and distortions between states with and without DST.[12]

Occasionally, in years when the Carnival celebrations fall on the third Sunday of February, DST's ending is postponed to the following Sunday.[6]

It is observed by Southern, Southeast and Central-Western Brazil (i.e. the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Paraná, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Goiás, Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, plus the Federal District).[6] This means that approximately 64% of the Brazilian population live in areas that observe daylight saving time.

During the 2011-12 summer, the Northeastern state of Bahia also observed daylight saving time as an experiment.[13] In the 2012-13 summer, the Northern state of Tocantins observed it, also as a test.[14] Neither state had observed DST since the 2002-03 summer, and did not observe it anymore after these tests.[15]

The clock is moved forward by one hour between the start and end dates, moving Brasília Official Time from UTC-03 to UTC-02; the other states that do not follow summer time observe a change of the offset to Brasília time.

IANA time zone database

The IANA time zone database contains 16 zones for Brazil. Columns marked with * are from the file zone.tab of the database.

c.c.* coordinates* TZ* comments* UTC offsetDSTNotes
BR-0351-03225America/NoronhaAtlantic islands −02:00 -
BR-0127-04829America/BelemAmapá, E Pará −03:00 -
BR-0343-03830America/FortalezaNE Brazil (MA, PI, CE, RN, PB) −03:00 -
BR-0803-03454America/RecifePernambuco −03:00 -
BR-0712-04812America/AraguainaTocantins −03:00 -
BR-0940-03543America/MaceioAlagoas, Sergipe −03:00 -
BR-1259-03831America/BahiaBahia −03:00 -
BR-2332-04637America/Sao_PauloS & SE Brazil (GO, DF, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS) −03:00 −02:00
BR-2027-05437America/Campo_GrandeMato Grosso do Sul −04:00 −03:00
BR-1535-05605America/CuiabaMato Grosso −04:00 −03:00
BR-0226-05452America/SantaremW Para −03:00 -
BR-0846-06354America/Porto_VelhoRondônia −04:00 -
BR+0249-06040America/Boa_VistaRoraima −04:00 -
BR-0308-06001America/ManausE Amazonas −04:00 -
BR-0640-06952America/EirunepeW Amazonas −05:00 -
BR-0958-06748America/Rio_BrancoAcre −05:00 -

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) (2013-07-01). "Estimativas da População Residente nos Municípios Brasileiros com Data de Referência em 1º de Julho de 2013" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2013-10-20.
  2. ↑ "Brazil Abolishes Its Fourth Time Zone in 2008". Retrieved 2008-06-25.
  3. ↑ "Time Zone Change is Possible in Acre, Brazil".
  4. ↑ Subdirectorate for Legal Affairs. "Lei nº 12.876, de 30 de outubro de 2013" [Law no. 12,876 of 30 October 2013] (in Portuguese). The Presidency of the Federative Republic of Brazil. Retrieved 2014-05-01.
  5. ↑ The municipalities are: Atalaia do Norte, Benjamin Constant, Boca do Acre, Eirunepé, Envira, Guajará, Ipixuna, Itamarati, Jutaí, Lábrea, Pauini, São Paulo de Olivença, and Tabatinga.
  6. 1 2 3 "Decreto 6.558 de 2008, sobre o Horário de Verão no Brasil" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2008-11-08.
  7. ↑ Água Boa, Alto Araguaia, Alto Boa Vista, Alto Taquari, Araguaiana, Araguainha, Barra do Garças, Bom Jesus do Araguaia, Campinápolis, Canabrava do Norte, Canarana, Cocalinho, Confresa, General Carneiro, Luciara, Nova Nazaré, Nova Xavantina, Novo Santo Antônio, Novo São Joaquim, Pontal do Araguaia, Ponte Branca, Porto Alegre do Norte, Querência, Ribeirão Cascalheira, Ribeirãozinho, Santa Cruz do Xingu, Santa Terezinha, São Félix do Araguaia, São José do Xingu, Serra Nova Dourada, Torixoréu, Vila Rica.
  8. ↑ Aragarças, Baliza, Bom Jardim.
  9. ↑ No clock change for parts of Mato Grosso, Brazil, Timeanddate.com, 25 October 2011.
  10. ↑ Araguaia municipalities swap Brasilia time for that of Mato Grosso during summer time, Olhar Direto, 19 October 2013. (in Portuguese)
  11. ↑ Summer time begins and Araguaia starts following Mato Grosso time, Água Boa News, 10 October 2015. (in Portuguese)
  12. ↑ Araújo, Carla; Frazão, Felipe (2017-12-15). "Por eleição, Temer reduz horário de verão a partir do ano que vem" [Because of elections, Temer shortens daylight saving time starting next year]. O Estado de S. Paulo (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2017-12-15.
  13. ↑ "Decreto 7.584 de 2011, sobre o Horário de Verão no Brasil" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2011-10-16.
  14. ↑ "Decreto 7.826 de 2012, sobre o Horário de Verão no Brasil" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2012-10-19.
  15. ↑ Decrees about Summer Time in Brazil, National Observatory of Brazil. (in Portuguese)
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