Roraima

State of Roraima
State

Flag
Coat of arms

Location of State of Roraima in Brazil
Coordinates: 2°3′N 61°24′W / 2.050°N 61.400°W / 2.050; -61.400Coordinates: 2°3′N 61°24′W / 2.050°N 61.400°W / 2.050; -61.400
Country  Brazil
Capital and Largest City Boa Vista
Government
 • Governor Suely Campos (PP)
 • Vice Governor Position vacant
 • Senators Ângela Portela (PDT)
Romero Jucá (MDB)
Telmário Mota (PTB)
Area
 • Total 224,298.98 km2 (86,602.32 sq mi)
Area rank 14th
Population (2010)[1]
 • Total 450,479
 • Estimate (2017) 522,636
 • Rank 27th
 • Density 2.0/km2 (5.2/sq mi)
 • Density rank 27th
Demonym(s) Roraimense
GDP
 • Year 2006 estimate
 • Total R$ 3,660,000,000 (27th)
 • Per capita R$ 9,075 (13th)
HDI
 • Year 2014
 • Category 0.732 – high (13th)
Time zone UTC-4 (BRT-1)
 • Summer (DST) UTC-3 (BRST-1)
Postal Code 69300-000 to 69399-000
ISO 3166 code BR-RR
Website rr.gov.br

Roraima (Pemon: roro imã, "parrot mountain" i.e. "Green Peak", Portuguese pronunciation: [ʁoˈɾajmɐ]) is the northernmost and least populated state of Brazil, located in the Amazon region. It borders the states of Amazonas and Pará, as well as the nations of Venezuela and Guyana. The population is approximately 450,000 (2010) and the capital is Boa Vista. Roraima is the Brazilian state with the fewest municipalities, 15 in total.

Geography

Tepequém, in Roraima.

The climate of Roraima is tropical with an annual mean temperature of 26°C (78.8°F). The state's southern part is located in the Amazon rainforest, while the north has open grassland fields, and there is a small strip of savanna to the east. The state is rich in mineral deposits - especially gold, diamonds, cassiterite, bauxite, marble and copper. Many of these deposits are located in indigenous reserves, and illegal mining has resulted in frequent conflicts with the native population, especially the Yanomami and the Macuxi and allied groups.

The Monte Roraima National Park is located around one of the highest mountains of both Venezuela (outside of the Andes) and Brazil, and the highest in Guyana, a 2,875 m (9,432 ft) high tepui known as Monte Roraima. Only a small fraction of the mountain is in Brazilian territory, however, and the highest point of the Brazilian part is at 2,734 metres (8,970 ft).[2]

Rio Branco ("White River") in Roraima.

Climate

Except for the higher mountains where the climate is cooler but very wet, Roraima has an equatorial climate. This is a type of tropical climate in which there is no dry season – all months have mean precipitation values of at least 60 mm. It is usually found at latitudes within five degrees of the equator – which are dominated by the Intertropical Convergence Zone. The equatorial climate is denoted Af in the Köppen climate classification. Tropical rainforest is the natural vegetation in equatorial regions.

History

Boa Vista, Roraima in 1924.

Since the beginnings of the 16th century, the region now considered the state of Roraima was disputed territory, because of its rich mineral reserves. It was sought by the Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch and English until the beginning of the last century. But in 1943, together with a section from the state of Amazonas, the Federal Government created the territory of Rio Branco, which became Roraima in 1962. In 1988, Roraima became a state by decision of the National Congress. The name of the state was taken from Mount Roraima, whose name comes from the Pemon words “roroi” (“cyan”) and “ma” (“large”). One of the main archaeological site is the Pedra Pintada, Roraima, with ancient rock art and engravings.

Demographics

Orla Taumanan in Boa Vista, Roraima.

According to the IBGE of 2007, there were 405,000 people residing in the state. The population density was 1.8 inh./km².

Urbanization: 80.3% (2004); Population growth: 4.6% (1991–2000); Houses: 97,465 (2005).[3]

The latest PNAD (National Household Survey) data reveal the following numbers: 278,000 Brown (Multiracial) people (68.8%), 81,000 White people (20.0%), 29,000 Black people (7.4%), 15,000 Asian or Amerindian people (3.8%).[4]

Ethnic groups found in Roraima include: Amerindians, Portuguese, Africans, Spanish, Venezuelans and Lebanese.

The Brazilian Indian Agency, (FUNAI) estimates the state's indigenous population at 30,715.[5] The largest indigenous groups are the Macuxi (16,500)[6] and the better-known Yanomami (11,700).[7] Much of the state's indigenous population lives in several large, legally recognized indigenous reserves and a number of smaller ones, totalling 46.13% of the land area of the state.[8]

Largest cities

 
Largest cities or towns in Roraima
(2011 census of Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística)[9]
Rank Pop. Rank Pop.

Boa Vista

Rorainópolis		 1Boa Vista26690111Caroebe7569
2Rorainópolis2654612Normandia7527
3Caracaraí1923513Iracema6250
4Alto Alegre1420514São João da Baliza6028
5Mucajaí1318815São Luís5979
6Cantá11942
7Bonfim10726
8Pacaraima9220
9Amajari8249
10Uiramutã7934

Trivial facts

Economy

The service sector is the largest component of GDP at 87.5%, followed by the industrial sector at 8.7%. Agriculture represents 3.8%, of GDP (2004). Roraima exports: wood 74%, leather 22.6% (2002).

Share of the Brazilian economy: 0.1% (2005).

Education

Federal University of Roraima.

Portuguese is the official national language, and thus the primary language taught in schools. But English and Spanish are part of the official high school curriculum.

Educational institutions

  • Universidade Federal de Roraima (UFRR) (Federal University of Roraima);
  • Universidade Estadual de Roraima (UERR) (State University of Roraima);
  • Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Roraima (IFRR);
  • Faculdade de Ciências Humanas, Biológicas e da Saúde (FCHBS);
  • Faculdade de Teologia de Boa Vista (Fatebov);
  • Faculdade Roraimense de Ensino Superior (Fares);
  • Faculdades Cathedral - Boa Vista (Cathedral-Boa Vista);
  • Faculdade Atual da Amazônia - (FAA)

Sports

Football

As in the rest of Brazil, football is the most popular sport. The city's major teams are:

Infrastructure

International Airport

Boa Vista International Airport was opened on February 19, 1973, and underwent its first big remodeling in 1998. The passenger terminal, runway and apron were all enlarged, and a separate taxiway was built. The airport has the capacity to receive 675,000 passengers a year.

Highways

Br-174, Boa Vista-Venezuela.
  • BR-174;
  • BR-210;
  • BR-431;
  • BR-432;
  • BR-410;
  • RR-171;
  • RR-175;
  • RR-202;
  • RR-203.

Flag

The blue of the flag represents the pure air and the sky of Roraima, the white strip symbolizes peace, and the green to the right represents the forests and fields. The star - symbolizing the state in the national flag of Brazil - is yellow, which symbolizes the mineral resources of the state. The red line in bottom stands for the equator, which cuts through the state. The flag was designed by the artist Mário Barreto, and was adopted by Law No.133 of June 14, 1996.

References

  1. ↑ "IBGE". Retrieved 12 October 2017.
  2. ↑ "IBGE recalculates altitude of Mount Roraima". IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics). 2005-07-29. Retrieved 2009-08-30.
  3. ↑ Source: PNAD.
  4. ↑ Síntese de Indicadores Sociais 2007 (PDF) (in Portuguese). Roraima, Brazil: IBGE. 2007. ISBN 85-240-3919-1. Retrieved 2007-07-18.
  5. ↑ "Funai". Retrieved 23 May 2015.
  6. ↑ http://www.socioambiental.org/pib/epi/verbetinho/comfoto/macuxi.htm
  7. ↑ http://www.socioambiental.org/pib/epienglish/yanomami/yanomami.shtm.
  8. ↑ "Notícias socioambientais :: Socioambiental". Retrieved 23 May 2015.
  9. ↑ "ESTIMATIVAS DA POPULAÇÃO RESIDENTE NOS MUNICÍPIOS BRASILEIROS COM DATA DE REFERÊNCIA EM 1º DE JULHO DE 2011" (in Portuguese). Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. 30 August 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 August 2011. Retrieved 31 August 2011.
  10. ↑ Source: IBGE.


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