Kalandia

Qalandia/Kalandia
Other transcription(s)
 • Arabic قلنديا
 • Also spelled Qalandiya (unofficial)
Kalandia refugee camp
Qalandia/Kalandia
Location of Qalandia/Kalandia within Palestine
Coordinates: 31°51′47″N 35°12′27″E / 31.86306°N 35.20750°E / 31.86306; 35.20750Coordinates: 31°51′47″N 35°12′27″E / 31.86306°N 35.20750°E / 31.86306; 35.20750
Palestine grid 169/141
Governorate Jerusalem
Government
 • Type Village council
Area
 • Jurisdiction 3,289 dunams (3.3 km2 or 1.3 sq mi)
Population (2006)
 • Jurisdiction 25,595
Name meaning Kulundia, personal name[1]
The barrier in northern Jerusalem, which confines Kalandia village (in the north) to an enclave under Israeli control.

Kalandia (Arabic: قلنديا‎, Hebrew: קלנדיה‎), also Qalandiya, is a Palestinian village located in the West Bank, between Jerusalem and Ramallah, just west from the Jerusalem municipality boundary. In 2006, 1,154 people were living in the village according to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics.[2] Kalandia is also the name of a refugee camp, established by UNRWA in 1949. It is located just east from Jerusalem municipality. Kalandia refugee camp was built for Palestinians refugees from Lydda, Ramle and Jerusalem of the 1948 Palestinian exodus.[3]

History

Ancient tombs have been found at Kalandia.[4]

A Byzantine bath has been excavated, and pottery from the same period has also been located there.[5][6]

During the Crusader period, it was noted that Kalandia was one of 21 villages given by King Godfrey as a fief to the canons of the Holy Sepulchre.[4][7][8][9] In 1151 the Abbot leased the use of the vineyards and orchards of Kalandia to a Nemes the Syrian and his brother Anthony and their children. In return the convent was given a part of the yearly production from these fields.[10] In 1152 Queen Melisende exchanged villagers whom she owned for shops and two moneychanger counters in Jerusalem. All the names of the Kalandia villagers were Christian, which indicate that Kalandia was a Christian village at the time.[11][12]

Ottoman era

Kalandia, like the rest of Palestine, was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517, and in the Ottoman census of 1596, the village, called Qalandiya, was a part of the nahiya ("subdistrict") of Al-Quds which was under the administration of the liwa ("district") of Al-Quds. The village had a population of 15 households, all Muslim, and paid taxes on wheat, barley, olives, occasional revenues, beehives and/or goats.[13]

In 1863, the French explorer Victor Guérin visited the village, which he described as small hamlet consisting of a few houses with fig plantations around them,[14] while an Ottoman village list of about 1870 showed 16 houses and a population of 50, though the population count included only the men.[15][16]

In 1883, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine described the village as a "small village on a swell, surrounded by olives, with quarries to the west."[17]

In 1896 the population of Kalandije was estimated to be about 150 persons.[18]

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Qalandieh (Qalandia) had a population of 144, of which 122 Muslims and 22 Jews.[19] This had decreased in the 1931 census when Qalandiya had an all-Muslim population of 120, in 25 houses.[20]

In a survey in 1945, Kalandia had a population of 190 Muslims,[21] and a land area of 3,940 dunams.[22] 427 dunams were designated for plantations and irrigable land, 2,202 for cereals,[23] while six dunams were built-up.[24]

Kalandia airport

Until 1930, Kalandia was the only airport in Mandatory Palestine, although there were several military airfields. Kalandia was used for prominent guests bound for Jerusalem.[25] It opened for regular flights in 1936.[26] After the Six-Day War, it was renamed Atarot Airport by Israel, but closed down due to disturbances related to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, and because international companies refused to land there.[27]

1947–1949

During the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine, in early January 1948, the residents of Kalandia evacuated the village and moved to Ramallah, leaving a few young men to protect the property and make sure mines were not planted on the way leading to the village and the nearby mine.[28] The villagers returned to the village and after the news of the Deir Yassin massacre arrived the women, the children and most of the men were evacuated again and the village became a post of the Arab Liberation Army[29] In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Kalandia came under Jordanian rule.

Kalandia refugee camp

The Kalandia checkpoint between Jerusalem and Ramallah is known for frequent demonstrations against the occupation.[30]

The Qalandia refugee camp was established in 1949 by the Red Cross[31] on land leased from Jordan. It covers 353 dunums (0.353 km2; 35.3 ha) as of 2006[32] and has a population of 10,024[33] with 935 structures divided into 8 blocks.[32] Israeli authorities consider it part of Greater Jerusalem, and it remains under their control.[34]

1967-present

Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Kalandia has been under Israeli occupation.

Kalandia checkpoint

Kalandia is the main checkpoint between the northern West Bank and Jerusalem. The checkpoint is used by the Israeli military to control Palestinian access to East Jerusalem and Israel. Israel requires Palestinians to have permits to pass through the checkpoint to East Jerusalem and Israel for their work, medical care, education or for religious reasons.[35][36][37] According to B'Tselem, most of the people who use the checkpoint are residents of East Jerusalem separated from the city by the Israeli West Bank barrier.[38]

The Israeli 2013 Qalandia raid led to clashes with local residents, leaving three of Qalandia's inhabitants dead and several critically wounded.[39]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Palmer, 1881, p. 321
  2. ↑ Projected Mid -Year Population for Jerusalem Governorate by Locality 2004- 2006 Archived 2012-02-07 at the Wayback Machine. Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics.
  3. ↑ Kalandia Refugee Camp
  4. 1 2 Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 11
  5. ↑ Dauphin, 1998, p. 844
  6. ↑ Baramki, 1933, pp. 105-109
  7. ↑ de Roziére, 1849, p. 30: Calandria, p.263: Kalendrie, cited in Röhricht, 1893, RRH, pp. 16-17, No 74
  8. ↑ Röhricht, 1904, RHH Ad, p. 5, No. 74
  9. ↑ Rey, 1883, p. 387
  10. ↑ de Roziére, 1849, pp. 159-160, cited in Röhricht, 1893, RRH, p. 67-68, No. 267
  11. ↑ Röhricht, 1893, RHH, p. 70-71, No 278
  12. ↑ Ellenblum, 2003, pp. 235 -236
  13. ↑ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 116
  14. ↑ Guérin, 1868, p. 393, Guérin, 1869, p. 6
  15. ↑ Socin, 1879, p. 155
  16. ↑ Hartmann, 1883, p. 127, also noted 16 houses
  17. ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, pp. 10-11
  18. ↑ Schick, 1896, p. 121
  19. ↑ Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Jerusalem, p. 15
  20. ↑ Mills, 1932, p. 42
  21. ↑ Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 25
  22. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 58
  23. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 103
  24. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 153
  25. ↑ An Empire in the Holy Land: Historical Geography of the British Administration of Palestine, 1917-1929 Gideon Biger, St. Martin's Press and Magnes Press, New York & Jerusalem, 1994, p. 152
  26. ↑ Atarot and the Fate of the Jerusalem Airport
  27. ↑ Larry Derfner (January 23, 2001). "An Intifada Casualty Named Atarot". The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles. Retrieved 2007-11-07.
  28. ↑ Gelber, 2004 p.139
  29. ↑ Gelber, 2004, p.162
  30. ↑ Garcia-Navarro, Lourdes (2012-07-26). Latest Target For Palestinians' Protest? Their Leader. NPR, 26 July 2012. Retrieved from http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-207480084.html.
  31. ↑ Gelber, 2004, p.363
  32. 1 2 Kalandia Refugee Camp Profile Archived 2013-12-19 at the Wayback Machine.
  33. ↑ Kalandia Refugee Camp
  34. ↑ United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (date unknown). Where We Work - West Bank - Camp Profiles - Kalandia. "The Israeli authorities consider this area as part of Greater Jerusalem, and the camp was thus excluded from the redeployment phase in 1995. Kalandia camp remains under Israeli control today." Retrieved from http://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/west-bank/camp-profiles?field=12&qt-view__camps__camp_profiles_block=3.
  35. ↑ OCHA Commercial Crossings Archived 2016-03-14 at the Wayback Machine. report of 22 January 2008
  36. ↑ Hubbard, Ben, (Associated Press), "Checkpoint misery epitomizes a Mideast divide", NBC News, February 21, 2010.
  37. ↑ Barahona, Ana (2013). Bearing Witness - Eight weeks in Palestine. London: Metete. p. 13. ISBN 978-1-908099-02-0.
  38. ↑ "Qalandiya Checkpoint, March 2014: An obstacle to normal life". B'Tselem. March 2014.
  39. ↑ Funerals held for three Palestinians shot dead by Israeli troops, The Guardian, Monday 26 August 2013

Bibliography

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  • Barron, J. B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
  • Conder, C. R.; Kitchener, H. H. (1883). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. 3. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
  • Dauphin, Claudine (1998). La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations. BAR International Series 726 (in French). III : Catalogue. Oxford: Archeopress. ISBN 0-860549-05-4.
  • Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945. Government of Palestine.
  • Ellenblum, Ronnie (2003). Frankish Rural Settlement in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521521871.
  • Gelber, Y (2004). Independence Versus Nakba. Kinneret Zmora-Bitan Dvir. ISBN 965-517-190-6.
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  • Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.
  • Hartmann, M. (1883). "Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem türkischen Staatskalender für Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht (1871)". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 6: 102–149.
  • Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
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  • de Roziére, ed. (1849). Cartulaire de l'église du Saint Sépulchre de Jérusalem: publié d'après les manuscrits du Vatican (in Latin and French). Paris: Imprimerie nationale.
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