Peking University

Coordinates: 39°59′23″N 116°18′19″E / 39.98972°N 116.30528°E / 39.98972; 116.30528

Peking University
北京大学
Former names
 Imperial University of Peking[1]
Type Public
Established 1898
President Lin Jianhua
Party Secretary Hao Ping
Academic staff
 7,317[2]
Students 42,655
Undergraduates 15,628[2]
Postgraduates 27,027[2]
Location Haidian District, Beijing, China
Campus Urban, 274 ha (680 acres)[3]
Colours Red     
Affiliations IARU, AALAU, AEARU, APRU, BESETOHA, C9
Website www.pku.edu.cn
Peking University
Simplified Chinese 北京大学
Traditional Chinese 北京大學

Peking University[4] (abbreviated PKU or Beida) is a major Chinese research university located in Beijing and a member of the C9 League.[5] Founded as the Imperial University of Peking in 1898 as a successor and replacement of Guozijian (Imperial College),[6] it is the first modern national university established in China. It also served as the highest administration for education in China at the beginning of its founding.[7] In 1917, Cai Yuanpei became the president of the university and initiated a series of reforms that helped transform the University, including faculty governance and democratic management. By the early 1920s, Peking University had become a center for China's emerging progressive thought. The university had played an important role in the birth of China's New Culture Movement, May Fourth Movement and many other significant events, to the extent that the university's history has been closely tied to the history of modern China. Peking University has educated and hosted many prominent modern Chinese figures, including Mao Zedong, Lu Xun, Gu Hongming, Hu Shi, Mao Dun, Li Dazhao, Chen Duxiu, and the current Premier Li Keqiang.[8]

As of 2017, Peking University's faculty includes 76 members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and 25 members of the World Academy of Sciences.[2] Peking University's school library[9] is one of the largest libraries in the world with over 8 million volumes. The university also operates the PKU Hall, a professional centre for arts performance, and the Arthur M. Sackler Museum of Arts and Archaeology. Peking University's affiliated Founder Corporation is the largest university affiliated company in China, its total assets value is 239.3 billion renmibi in 2016.[10] It is a Chinese Ministry of Education Class A Double First Class University.[11]

Peking University has been consistently ranked as the top academic institution in China.[12][13][14][15][16] It is one of the most selective universities in admissions in China.[17] In 2017, Peking University was ranked the best university in China by CUAA for the 11th consecutive year.[18] In addition to academics, Peking University is especially renowned for its campus grounds and the beauty of its traditional Chinese architecture.[19][20][21][22]

The university's English name has retained the older transliteration of "Beijing" that has been abandoned in most other contexts.[23]

History

Founding

When it was established on July 3, 1898, the school was known as the Imperial University of Peking (simplified Chinese: 京师大学堂; traditional Chinese: 京師大學堂; pinyin: Jīngshī Dàxuétángd). It was established to replace Taixue or Guozijian, or Imperial College, as part of the Hundred Days' Reform initiated by Emperor Guangxu, Liang Qichao drafted the University's organising regulations. The university was authorised to administrate and supervise all provincial schools. Sun Jianai, who then served as the minister of the Ministry of Personnel under the Qing court was appointed to manage the university. Recommended by Li Hongzhang, Emperor Guangxu appointed American missionary William Alexander Parson Martin to serve as the dean of Department of Western Learning.

William Alexander Parson Martin, Dean of the Department of Western Learning with his students.
The plaque of the Imperial University of Peking.

Emperor Guangxu's reform initiatives were intensely opposed by powerful conservatives of the Qing court. On Sep 21,1898, Empress Dowager Cixi, with support from conservatives, abruptly ended the Hundred Days' Reform and put Guangxu under house arrest at the summer palace. Cixi's coup d'état was followed by immediate rescinding of all policies and laws enacted by Guangxu and his reform-minded supporters, the Imperial University of Peking was the only part of the reform that survived.

In 1900, the university was paralyzed by the Boxer Rebellion, later in the year, the "Eight-Power Allied Forces" （八国联军）entered Beijing and the university's operating was continually suspended.In 1902, "Jingshitongwenguan", a school established by the Qing court in 1862 for foreign language learning was incorporated into the Imperial University of Peking. In 1904, the university sent 47 students to study abroad, which marked the first time for Chinese higher education institution to send students to foreign countries.

Following the Xinhai Revolution, the Imperial University of Peking was renamed "Government University of Peking" in 1912 and then "National University of Peking" in 1919[24] (simplified Chinese: 国立北京大学; traditional Chinese: 國立北京大學; pinyin: Guólì Běijīng Dàxué).

From 1916-1927

The noted scholar Cai Yuanpei was appointed president on January 4, 1917, and helped transform the Peking University into the country's largest institution of higher learning, with 14 departments and an enrollment of more than 2,000 students. Cai, inspired by the German model of academic freedom, introduced faculty governance and democratic management to the university. Cai recruited an intellectually diverse faculty that included some of the most prominent figures in the New Cultural Movement, such as Hu Shih, Liu Banlong, Ma Yinchu, Li Dazhao, Chen Duxiu, Lu Xun and Liang Shuming, leading conservatives Gu Hongming and Huang Kan also taught at the university.[25] A firm supporter for freedom of thought, Cai advocated for educational independence and resigned serval times protesting the government's policy and interference.

The faculty of Peking University Institue for Chinese Classics in 1924
Statue of Cai Yuanpei on Peking University's campus
Peking University students protesting the Treaty of Versallies in the May Fourth Movement.

On May 1, 1919, some students of Peking University learned that the Treaty of Versailles would allow Japan to receive Germany's colonising rights in Shandong province. An assembly at Peking University that included representatives from other universities in Beijing was quickly organised. On May 4, students from thirteen universities marched to Tiananmen to protest the terms of Treaty of Versailles, demanded the Beiyang government to refuse to sign the treaty. Demonstrators also demanded the immediate resignation of three officials: Cao Rulin, Minister of the Ministry of Transportation, Zhang Zongxiang, China's Ambassador to Japan and Lu Zongyu, Minister of Currency, who they believed were in cooperation with Japanese. The protest ended up with some protesters being beaten and arrested, and Cao Rulin's house burned by protesters. Following the protest on May 4, students, workers and merchants from nearly all China's major cities went on strike and boycotted Japanese goods in China. The Beiyang government eventually agreed to release the arrested students and fired the three officials under intense public pressure, China's representatives in Paris refused to sign the Treaty of Versailles.[26] The May Fourth Movement has been widely regarded as one of the most important turning points in modern China's history. In its broader sense, the May Fourth Movement led to the establishment of radical Chinese intellectuals who went on to mobilize peasants and workers into the Communist party and gain the organizational strength that would solidify the success of the Communist Revolution.

Following the May Fourth Movement, Li Dazhao, who was then the director of Peking University Library and also a professor of economics, founded the first communist organisation in Beijing while Chen Duxiu founded another communist organisation in Shanghai.

In 1920, Peking University became the first Chinese university to accept female students.

From 1927-1949

After the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937 (and the resulting expansion of Japanese territorial control in east China), Peking University

moved to Changsha and formed the Changsha Temporary University along with Tsinghua University and Nankai University. In 1938, the three schools moved again, this time to Kunming, and formed the National Southwestern Associated University. In 1946, after World War II, Peking University moved back to Beijing. At that time, the university comprised six schools (Arts, Science, Law, Medicine, Engineering, and Agriculture), and a research institute for humanities. The total student enrollment grew up to 3,000.

From 1949-present

In 1949, after the People's Republic of China was established, Peking University lost its "national" appellation to reflect the fact that all universities under the new socialist state would be public. In 1952, Mao Zedong's government re-grouped the country's higher education institutions with individual institutions tending to specialize in a certain field of study after the Soviet model. As a result, some arts and science faculties of Tsinghua University and former Yenching University were merged into Peking University. At the same time, however, the university lost its Law, Medicine, Engineering and Agriculture schools. These schools and faculties were either merged into other universities or to found new colleges. During the re-grouping, Yenching University was closed up. Peking University moved from downtown Beijing to the former Yenching campus.

Peking University's West Gate, one of the symbols of the university campus

The first disturbances of the Cultural Revolution began at Peking University in 1966; education there ceased between 1966 and 1970.

On May 4, 1998, at the 100th anniversary of Peking University, Chinese president Jiang Zemin announced that the government would initiate a national project to promote China's higher education by funding selected universities to achieve world-class level. The project was later named “985” based the date of its announcement.

In 2000, Beijing Medical University was merged back into Peking University and became the Peking University Health Science Campus. Beijing Medical University used to be Medical School of Peking University and was separated from Peking University at 1952. Peking University now has eight affiliated hospitals and 12 teaching hospitals.

In 2001, Peking University established the Yuanpei Program which was formalized in 2007 as Yuanpei College, named in honor of the highly respected former university president Cai Yuanpei. The college hosts an elite undergraduate liberal program that allows students to freely choose specialisations. In same year, Peking University set up a satellite campus for graduate students in Shenzhen. The university's second business school, Peking University HSBC Business School was launched on the Shenzhen campus in 2004.

In 2014, Peking University established the Yenching Academy, a fully funded global fellowship program designed "to cultivate leaders who will advocate for global progress and cultural understanding."

Campus

View of the central campus

The campus of Peking University was originally located northeast of the Forbidden City in the center of Beijing, and was later moved to the former campus of Yenching University in 1952. The main campus is in northwest Beijing, in Haidian district, near the Summer Palace and the Old Summer Palace; the area is traditionally where many of Beijing's most renowned gardens and palaces were built.

The university campus is in the former site of the Qing Dynasty imperial gardens and it retains much traditional Chinese-style landscaping, including traditional houses, gardens, pagodas, as well as many notable historical buildings and structures.The landscape in campus gives a presentation of combined western styles with traditional Chinese aesthetic standards. American architect and art historian Talbot Hamlin designed some of the university's buildings constructed during the 1919 to 1922 period.[27] There are several gates that lead into campus — East, West and South gates, with the West Gate being the most well known for the painted murals on its ceiling. Weiming lake is in the north of the campus and is surrounded by walking paths and small gardens. The university hosts many museums, such as the Museum of University History and the Arthur M. Sackler Museum of Art and Archaeology.[28][29] Notable items in these museums include funerary objects that were excavated in Beijing and date back thousands of years from the graves of royalties of the Warring States period. There are ritual pottery vessels as well as elaborate pieces of jewelry on display. There are also human bones set up in the traditional burial style of that period.[29]

Beyond its main campus, Peking University Health Science Center (PKUHSC) is on Xueyuan Road where the country's most distinguished colleges are. The PKUHSC's campus is less aesthetically appealing than the main Peking University campus but is nonetheless a fitting site for academics and research.

In 2001, Peking University's Shenzhen campus, the Shenzhen Graduate School, opened its doors. The campus is located in the northwest part of Shenzhen City.

Academics

University rankings
Global
ARWU World[30] 57
Times World[31] 27
QS World[32] 30
Regional
Times Asia[33] 2
QS Asia[34] 9
Special
QS BRICS[35] 2
National
BCUR China[36] 2
One of the administrative buildings with the huabiao

Peking University consists of 30 colleges and 12 departments, with 93 specialties for undergraduates, 2 specialties for the second Bachelor's degree, 199 specialties for Master's degree candidates and 173 specialties for doctoral candidates. A leader in basic sciences research and teaching, the university has successfully developed applied sciences research and teaching as well.

At present, Peking university has 216 research institutions and research centres, including 2 national engineering research centers, 81 key national disciplines, 12 national key laboratories. With 11 million holdings, the university library is the largest of its kind in Asia.[37]

The university has made an effort to combine the research on fundamental scientific issues with the training of personnel with high level specialized knowledge and professional skill as demanded by the country's modernization. Peking University, the Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University jointly administer the Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Program, which is ranked the 2nd in the United States.[38][39] Peking University has been becoming a center for teaching and research, consisting of diverse branches of learning such as pure & applied sciences, social sciences & humanities, and sciences of management & education.

Over the past century, more than 400 Peking University alumni had become presidents of other major Chinese universities, including former Tsinghua President Luo Jialun, Renmin University President Yuan Baohua, Zhejiang University President Qian Sanqiang, Fudan University President Zhang Zhirang, Nankai University President Teng Weizao, Chinese University of Science and Technology President Guan Weiyan and many others.[40]

Many domestic rankings have placed Peking University among the top universities in mainland China.[12] In 2015, the Chinese University Alumni Association[41] in partnership with China Education Center considered it 1st among all Chinese universities.[12]

U.S. News & World Report ranked Peking University 41st in the world, 1st in Greater China, and 2nd in Asia.[42] It also topped the newly launched Times Higher Education BRICS & Emerging Economies.[43]

Schools and Institutes

Division of Sciences
School of Mathematical Sciences School of Physics College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering School of Life Sciences
College of Urban and Environmental Sciences School of Earth and Space Sciences School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences College of Architecture and Landscape Architecture
Division of Information & Engineering
School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science College of Engineering Institute of Computer Science & Technology School of Software & Microelectronics
College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering National Engineering Research Center for Software Engineering*
Division of Humanities
Department of Chinese Language and Literature* Department of History School of Archaeology and Museology Department of Philosophy, and of Religious Studies
School of Foreign Languages School of Arts School of Chinese as a Second Language Academy of Opera
Division of Social Sciences
School of International Studies Law School Department of Information Management Department of Sociology
School of Government School of Marxism Graduate School of Education School of Journalism and Communication
Department of PE School of New Media*
Division of Economics & Management
School of Economics Guanghua School of Management Institute of Population Research National School of Development
Peking University Health Science Center
School of Basic Medical Sciences School of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Public Health School of Nursing
Institue o Medical Humanities/School of Fundational Education Health Science Center School of Continuing Medical Education* Peking University First Hospital Peking University People's Hospital
Peking University Third Hospital Peking University Hospital of Stomatology Peking University Sixth Hospital Peking University Cancer Hospital
Peking University Shenzhen Hospital Peking University Shougang Hospital
Interdisciplinary
School of Yuanpei Yenching Academy Advanced Technology Institute Acedemy for Advenced Interdisciplinary Studies
Institute of Social Science Survey Institute of Molecular Medicine The Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Institute of Nuclear Sciences & Technology
Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research Institute of Ocean Research* School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences
Shenzhen Graduate School
School of Electronic and Computer Engineering School of Chemical Biology & Biotechnology School of Environment and Energy* School of Urban Planning and Design
School of Advanced Materials HSBC Business School School of Transnational Law School of Humanities and Social Sciences

    Culture

    A performance of Kunqu at Peking University

    Peking University is well known for its contribution to modern Chinese literature, poetry and art, and for the publications of groundbreaking modern Chinese books such as Hong Zicheng's A History of Contemporary Chinese Literature.[44] Peking University has participated in many joint art-research projects, such as the Center for the Art of East Asia (CAEA) with the University of Chicago,[45] and Department of Digital Art and Design with UNESCO.[46][47]

    Peking University partners with Stanford University for its Asian cultural studies programs such as the Stanford Program in Beijing and the Stanford-Peking University Summer Program, which encourages Stanford students interested in exploring Chinese language, history, culture, and society to study on campus at Peking University.[48]

    National School of Development (NSD)

    The National School of Development (formerly China Center for Economic Research) is ranked amongst the top five most influential think tanks in China.[49]

    In 1998, Justin Yifu Lin et al. jointly founded the Beijing International MBA at Peking University (BiMBA),[50] which is ranked among the top six MBA programs by Quacquarelli Symonds in its TopMBA ranking of the best MBA programs in Asia Pacific for the year 2014-2015.[51] BiMBA has also been ranked as the second most valuable full-time MBA in China by Forbes (after CEIBS)[52] and among Asia's best business schools by Bloomberg Business.[53][54]

    Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School

    Peking University HSBC Business School at its Shenzhen campus.

    Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School is a satellite campus of Peking University located in Shenzhen, Guangdong. It was founded in September, 2001 in collaboration with the Shenzhen Municipal Government and is located in University Town of Shenzhen along with satellite campuses of Tsinghua University and Harbin Institute of Technology. Dr. Wen Hai, a renowned economist in China and the vice-president of Peking University is the present chancellor of PKU Shenzhen.[55] The school houses seven research departments as well as the Peking University HSBC Business School and Peking University School of Transnational Law.[56]

    On August 29, 2016, Peking University signed a strategic agreement with the Shenzhen Municipal Government to further develop its Shenzhen Graduate School, the university plans build a brand new campus near the existed graduate school and open undergraduate programs.[57]

    International students

    The Langrun Garden, located in the north-eastern area of the university, is the home of the Beijing International MBA at Peking University

    The dormitories for international students at the main campus are located at Shao Yuan (勺园) and Zhongguanxin Yuan (中关新园). Every year, Peking University has approximately 2,000 international students studying on the Beijing campus and about 50 at the Peking University HSBC Business School, located at the Shenzhen Campus. Its international students are made up of students from most countries in the world including most of Western Europe, North America, and South America; all parts of Asia; Australia; and many countries in Africa.

    In 2005, Peking University and Cornell University signed an agreement formally establishing[58][59] the China and Asia-Pacific Studies major[60] at Cornell, which requires students to spend a semester studying at Peking University while working at internships. One year later, Peking University launched a joint undergraduate program with Yale University;[61][62] students will spend a semester overseas, living and studying together with the host institute's students.[62] Peking University's School of International Studies also launched joint degree programs with London School of Economics, Paris School of International Affairs,[63] Waseda University, Seoul National University, and the University of Tokyo. Peking also has a longstanding relationship with Stanford University which operates a joint research center and base for Stanford students and scholars at the Stanford Center at Peking University, located in the Lee Jung Sen Building.[64] The Peking University HSBC Business School has joint degree programs with University of Hong Kong and Chinese University of Hong Kong.

    The university maintains a partnership with the Freie Universität Berlin since 1981 and the Higher School of Economics since 2015.

    Notable alumni

    In Politics

    Mao Zedong, Chen Duxiu, and Li Dazhao, founding members of the Communist Party of China, either taught or held offices in the university. Mao Zedong worked as a librarian at Peking University's school library when Li Dazhao was director of the library, Chen was a professor and served as dean of the arts department from 1916 to 1919. According to CUAA's 2015 ranking of notable alumni in politics, Peking University has produced the most notable politicians among all universities in China.[65] As of 2017, 88 Peking University alumni currently serve in the government at vice-ministerial positions or higher,[66] two of the seven member Standing Committee of the CPC, Li Keqiang and Zhao Leji, are Peking University alumni. Bo Xilai, former member of the Politburo and Communist Party Secretary of Chongqing, who was convicted on corruption charges in 2013 and sentenced to life in prison, also graduated from Peking University.

    In Philosophy and Literature

    In Science, Mathematics, and Medicine

    • Deng Jiaxian 邓稼先 – a nuclear physics expert; a leading organizer and key contributor to the Chinese nuclear weapon programs.
    • Qian Sanqiang 钱三强 – a nuclear physicist and education administrator; a leading organizer and key contributor to the Chinese nuclear weapon programs; former president of Zhejiang University
    • Zhu Guangya 朱光亚 – a renowned nuclear physicist of China, key contributor to China's "Two Bombs, One Satellite" projects.
    • Zhou Guangzhao 周光召 – expert on particle physics, discoverer of PCAC (partial conservation of axial current), an important step toward the understanding of symmetry breaking; former director of the Chinese Nuclear Weapons Research Institute and president of the Academica Sinica.
    • Yitang Zhang 张益唐 B.S. 1982, M.S. 1985, mathematician Discovered upper bond of prime numbers as close to 70, 000, 000, and won Ostrowski Prize (2013) Cole Prize (2014) Rolf Schock Prize (2014) MacArthur Fellowship (2014).
    • Li Bulou 李步楼 - a translator and philosopher. Holds the honor of "Experts with outstanding contributions" given by the State Council of the People's Republic of China.
    • Tu Youyou 屠呦呦 - a pharmaceutical chemist and educator. She is best known for discovering artemisinin (also known as qinghaosu) and dihydroartemisinin, used to treat malaria, which has saved millions of lives. For her work, Tu received the 2011 Lasker Award in clinical medicine and the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with William C. Campbell and Satoshi Ōmura. Tu received The State Preeminent Science and Technology Award (2016)
    • Yu Min 于敏 - a prominent Chinese nuclear physicist, father of China's H-bomb. Yu received The State Preeminent Science and Technology Award (2014).
    • Wang Xuan 王选 - a computer scientist and innovator of the Chinese printing industry. Wang received The State Preeminent Science and Technology Award (2001).

    See also

    References

    1. ↑ "History Peking University". Archived from the original on 2015-07-16. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
    2. 1 2 3 4 北京大学 2017 年基本数据 (PDF). Retrieved 2018-07-04.
    3. ↑ "About PKU, General Information". Peking University. Retrieved 17 May 2018.
    4. ↑ Also spelled as Beijing University.
    5. ↑ "Best universities in China 2018". Times Higher Education. 6 September 2017.
    6. ↑ Hao Ping (郝平) (1998). Beijing da xue chuang ban shi shi kao yuan (Di 1 ban ed.). Beijing: Beijing da xue chu ban she. ISBN 9787301036617. OCLC 40906464.
    7. ↑ "History_Peking University". Archived from the original on 2015-07-16. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
    8. ↑ Peking University - Mingren Archived 2008-08-04 at the Wayback Machine.
    9. ↑ "The introduction of Peking university". Peking University of library.
    10. ↑ 方正集团. 公司介绍_集团概况_方正集团. www.founder.com. Retrieved 2018-02-28.
    11. ↑ 教育部 财政部 国家发展改革委 关于公布世界一流大学和一流学科建设高校及建设 学科名单的通知 (Notice from the Ministry of Education and other national governmental departments announcing the list of double first class universities and disciplines).
    12. 1 2 3 www.chinaeducenter.com. "University in China. China Education Center". Chinaeducenter.com. Retrieved 2012-04-22.
    13. ↑ "2009 China University Ranking". China-university-ranking.com. 2008-12-24. Archived from the original on 2012-02-13. Retrieved 2012-04-22.
    14. ↑ "Univ ranking in China 200" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-10. Retrieved 2012-04-22.
    15. ↑ "World University Rankings 2014-15". Times Higher Education. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
    16. ↑ "World University Rankings". Top Universities. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
    17. ↑ "Peking University Application Information for International Students". Admission office of Peking university. Archived from the original on 2014-08-13.
    18. ↑ 2017-2018中国大学排名700强排行榜（校友会最新完整版）_大学生必备网. m.dxsbb.com. Retrieved 2018-02-28.
    19. ↑ Francis Whittaker (July 14, 2011). "Most beautiful universities". MSN.
    20. ↑ Stirling Kelso (September 2012). "World's Most Beautiful Universities". Travel and Leisure.
    21. ↑ "15 Of The World's Most Beautiful Universities Revealed". The Huffington Post UK. July 11, 2013.
    22. ↑ "NUS PKU MBA - About Peking University - Overview". Archived from the original on 16 July 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
    23. ↑ "Beijing or Peking? And why are only the English nagged about this? Johnson" by Bagehot. The Economist, Nov 11th 2010.
    24. ↑ "[Anniversary Special] "In the beginning was the word"". Peking University. 2011-05-02. Archived from the original on 2017-11-13. Retrieved 2017-09-09.
    25. ↑ A companion to Asian art and architecture. Brown, Rebecca M., Hutton, Deborah S. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. 2011. ISBN 9781444396355. OCLC 767516261.
    26. ↑ "World Policy Journal - Summer 2005 - World Policy". World Policy. Retrieved 2018-05-11.
    27. ↑ http://library.columbia.edu/locations/avery/da/collections/hamlin_tf.html
    28. ↑ Arthur M. Sackler Museum of Art & Archaeology Archived 2011-04-11 at the Wayback Machine.
    29. 1 2 "A destination to be explored". Retrieved 15 July 2015.
    30. ↑ "ARWU World University Rankings 2018 - Academic Ranking of World Universities 2018 - Top 500 universities - Shanghai Ranking - 2018". www.shanghairanking.com. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
    31. ↑ "World University Rankings". 18 August 2017. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
    32. ↑ "QS World University Rankings 2019". 6 June 2018. Retrieved 7 June 2018.
    33. ↑ "Asia University Rankings". 14 March 2017. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
    34. ↑ "QS University Rankings: Asia 2016". 5 November 2015. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
    35. ↑ QS University Rankings 2018
    36. ↑ Best Chinese Universities Ranking, Overall Ranking - 2018
    37. ↑ Harvard News Office. "Harvard Gazette: Summers visits People's Republic of China". Retrieved 15 July 2015.
    38. ↑ "Georgia Tech / Emory / Peking University BME PhD Program".
    39. ↑ "Georgia Tech Partnership".
    40. ↑ Club Yahoo!
    41. ↑ "2016 China University Ranking by Alumni Association". CUCAS.
    42. ↑ "USNews Top World University Ranking". USNews. Retrieved October 10, 2014.
    43. ↑ "BRICS & Emerging Economies Rankings 2014". Times Higher Education. Retrieved October 2, 2014.
    44. ↑ "A History of Contemporary Chinese Literature". Brill Publishers. Archived from the original on 2008-12-08. Retrieved 2008-10-12.
    45. ↑ "Center for the Art of East Asia". University of Chicago. Archived from the original on 2008-10-10.
    46. ↑ Culture: Peking University, Department of Digital Art and Design UNESCO.
    47. ↑ "Peking University, Department of Digital Art and Design". Archived from the original on 16 August 2008. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
    48. ↑ "Overseas Studies". Stanford University.
    49. ↑ "China Network– Peking University's National School of Development: The Brains behind China's growth". Archived from the original on 2015-07-03. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
    50. ↑ "National School of Development ranks in top five Think Tanks for Highest Professional Influence_Peking University". Archived from the original on 2015-07-03. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
    51. ↑ "The Top 10 Business Schools in Asia-Pacific 2014/15". TopMBA.com. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
    52. ↑ Russell Flannery & Chloe Chen (26 April 2010). "China's Best Business Schools". Forbes. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
    53. ↑ Frederik Balfour; Bruce Einhorn; Moon Ihlwan; Mehul Srivastava & Hiroko Tashiro. "Asia's Top Business Schools". Businessweek.com. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
    54. ↑ "Keeping the Bar High at BiMBA". Businessweek.com. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
    55. ↑ "Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School - Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School". Archived from the original on 4 June 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
    56. ↑ "Schools - Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School". Archived from the original on 6 October 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
    57. ↑ "北京大学将建深圳校区 拓展本科和医学教育". edu.sina.com.cn. Retrieved 2017-10-26.
    58. ↑ "Rawlings heads to China to sign partnership agreement and deliver keynote address at economic summit in Beijing - Cornell Chronicle". Retrieved 15 July 2015.
    59. ↑ "Launching China and Asia-Pacific Studies, a 'revolutionary' new undergraduate major - Cornell Chronicle". www.news.cornell.edu. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
    60. ↑ "China and Asia-Pacific Studies". Retrieved 15 July 2015.
    61. ↑ "Peking University - Yale University Joint Undergraduate Program in Beijing - Yale College". Archived from the original on 30 July 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
    62. 1 2 English - People's Daily
    63. ↑ "Dual Degree - Peking University - Sciences Po PSIA". www.sciencespo.fr. 26 May 2014. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
    64. ↑ "Stanford Center at Peking University".
    65. ↑ "2015中国大学杰出政要校友排行榜 北大居首_教育_腾讯网". edu.qq.com (in Chinese). Retrieved 2017-10-28.
    66. ↑ www.360doc.com. "88位现任省部级以上北大校友丨最新名录". www.360doc.com. Retrieved 2017-10-28.

    Further reading

    • Lin, Xiaoqing Diana (2005). Peking University: Chinese Scholarship and Intellectuals, 1898-1937. State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-8391-6.
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