Paridhi

Paridhi (c. 11th century CE), also referred to as Paridhiyaar, was a Tamil literary commentator known for his commentary on the Thirukkural.[1] He was among the canon of ten medieval commentators of the Kural text most highly esteemed by scholars.[2] He was also among the five ancient commentators whose works had been preserved and made available to the Modern era, the others being Manakkudavar, Pari Perumal, Kaalingar, and Parimelazhagar.

Variations in ordering of the Kural verses

The following table depicts the variations among the early commentators in ordering, for example, the first ten verses of the Tirukkural. Note that the ordering of the verses and chapters as set by Parimelazhagar, which had been followed unanimously for centuries ever since, has now been accepted as the standard structure of the Kural text.

Kural verse beginning Manakkudavar ordering Pari Perumal ordering Paridhi ordering Kaalingar ordering Parimelazhagar ordering
அகர முதல எழுத்தெல்லாம் 1 1 1 1 1
கற்றதனால் ஆய பயன் 2 2 2 2 2
மலர்மிசை ஏகினான் மாணடி 3 3 3 3 3
வேண்டுதல் வேண்டாமை இலான் 6 6 5 7 4
இருள்சேர் இருவினையும் சேரா 7 7 6 6 5
பொறிவாயில் ஐந்தவித்தான் 8 8 7 7 6
தனக்கு உவமை இல்லாதான் 4 4 6 4 7
அற ஆழி அந்தணன் 5 5 10 9 8
கோளில் பொறியில் குணமிலவே 10 10 8 5 9
பிறவிப் பெருங்கடல் நீந்துவர் 9 9 9 10 10

Comparing the verse ordering by various ancient commentators with that of Manakkudavar, the first of the ancient commentators whose commentary is available, it can be reckoned that Paridhi's commentary follows closely Manakkudavar's, save for a few variations. The modern chapters 10, 13, 17, 18, and 19 appearing under the subsection "Domestic virtues" of the Kural text appear as chapters 26, 27, 30, 31, and 32, respectively, under the subsection "Ascetic virtues" in Manakkudavar's commentary. Similarly, the modern chapters 26, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, appearing under the subsection "Ascetic virtues" appear as chapters 19, 20, 10, 16, 17, 18, respectively, under the subsection "Domestic virtues" in Manakkudavar's work. Nevertheless, being the earliest available commentary of the Tirukkural, Manakkudavar's work is considered to bear the closest semblance with the original work of the Kural text by Valluvar.

The following table shows the numbering of variations found in the ordering of the Kural verses by various ancient commentators with respect to the commentary by Manakkudavar.

Commentator Number of variations in verse ordering
Pari Perumal 16
Paridhi 20
Kaalingar 171
Parimelazhagar 120

See also

References

  1. ↑ Vedhanayagam, Rama (2017). திருவள்ளுவ மாலை மூலமும் எளிய உரை விளக்கமும் [Tiruvalluvamaalai: Moolamum Eliya Urai Vilakkamum] (in Tamil) (1st ed.). Chennai: Manimekalai Prasuram. pp. 7–8.
  2. ↑ Natarajan, P. R. (December 2008). Thirukkural: Aratthuppaal (in Tamil) (First ed.). Chennai: Uma Padhippagam. pp. 1–6.
  • Desikar, S. Dhandapani (2003). Tirukkural Urai Kalanjiyam. Madurai: Madurai Kamaraj University Press. p. 217.

Further reading

  • M. Arunachalam (2005). Tamil Ilakkiya Varalaru, Padhinaindhaam Nootraandu [History of Tamil Literature, 15th century].
  • D. M. Vellaivaaranam (1983). Tirukkural Uraikotthu. Thiruppananthal Shri Kasimadam Publications.
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