New York City Subway rolling stock

The "Holiday Shopper's Special", a train of R1, R4, R6, R7A, and R9 subway cars running in special service at the 23rd Street (Sixth Avenue) station

An R142A series car interior in service on the 4 route

A Vaktrak track vacuuming train^[1]

The New York City Subway is a large rapid transit system and has a large fleet of rolling stock.

Total fleet

As of November 2016, the New York City Subway has 6418 cars on the roster.^{[2][lower-alpha 1]} The system maintains two separate fleets of cars: one for the A Division routes, the other for the B Division routes. All A Division equipment is approximately 8 feet 9 inches (2.67 m) wide and 51 feet (15.54 m) long while B Division cars are about 10 feet (3.05 m) wide and either 60 feet 6 inches (18.44 m) or 75 feet 6 inches (23.01 m) long. The A Division and B Division trains operate only in their own division; operating in the other division is not allowed because the A Division sections have narrower tunnel segments, tighter curves, and tighter platform clearances than the B Division sections, so B Division trains cannot fit in the A Division tunnels and stations, while A Division trains would have an unacceptably large gap between the platform and train if they were allowed in the B Division lines. The safety train stop (trip cock) mechanism between divisions is also incompatible, being located on opposite sides of the track and train in each division. Service and maintenance trains are composed of A Division-sized cars, as they can operate with either division's clearances and the safety train stop is built on both sides of the trucks. However, all rolling stock, in either A or B Division, runs on the same 4 foot 8.5 inches (1,435 mm) gauge.

75-foot (22.86 m)-long cars, like the R44s, R46s, R68s, and R68As are not permitted on BMT Eastern Division – the J, L, M and Z trains – because of sharper curves on those tracks.

A typical revenue train consists of 8 to 10 cars, although shuttles can be as short as two. The G runs 4-car trains, and the 7 runs 11-car trains.

When the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company entered into agreements to operate some of the new subway lines, they decided to design a new type of car, 10 feet (3.05 m) wide and 67 feet (20.42 m) long. The subject of several patents, the car's larger profile was similar to that of steam railroad coaches, permitting greater passenger capacity, more comfortable seating, and other advantages. The BRT unveiled its design, designated BMT Standard, to the public in 1913 and received such wide acceptance that all future subway lines, whether built for the BRT, the IRT, or eventually, the IND, were built to handle the wider cars.

When the R44s and R46s were rebuilt, the rollsigns on the side of the cars were replaced with electronic LCD signs while the front service sign remained as a rollsign. In sharp contrast, the rebuilt R32s and R38s retained rollsigns on the sides, but a flip-dot display was placed in the front. The MTA has been incorporating newer subway cars into its stock in the past decade. Since 1999, the R142s, R142As, R143s, R160s, and R188s have been added into service.^[3][4] All cars built since 1992, (including the now out-of-service R110As and R110Bs) are equipped with digital signs on the front, sides, and interior (except for the R110B, which had rollsigns on the front).

Old cars, some from the original companies (IRT, BMT and IND), are preserved at the New York Transit Museum, while others have been sold to private individuals and/or other railway/trolley museums.

Between 1984 and 1989 some of the IRT trains were painted red, giving them the name Redbirds.^{[lower-alpha 2]} By September 2010, many older BMT/IND cars (most R32s, all R38s, all R40s, all R40As, almost all R42s, and almost all R44s) were also retired and replaced with the R160s.

Disposal at sea

Retired subway cars being transported to the ocean, where they will be dropped into the water to create an artificial reef

In 2001, the New York City Transit Authority started disposing of retired subway cars by dumping them at sea to create artificial reefs, with the intention of promoting marine life. This option was chosen because it was less expensive than removing asbestos from the cars; the asbestos was determined to not be a hazard in the ocean.^[5] Further, the artificial reefs would provide environmental and economic benefits, such as providing shelter for marine animals and creating new fishing opportunities. The first reef constructed was Redbird Reef in Delaware. Eventually, multiple states received retired subway cars for reefs.^[6] The program was discontinued in 2010, after more than 2,500 cars were reefed, because newer cars contained more plastic, which was too expensive to economically remove before reefing.^[7][8]

Current fleet

Contract #	Division	Year Built	Builder	Car Length[lower-alpha 3]	Car Width	Photo	Fleet numbers (Total ordered)	CBTC	Assigned Services	Yard assignment	Notes
R32/R32A	B	1964	Budd Company	60 feet (18.29 m)	10 feet (3.05 m)		R32A: 3350–3649 R32: 3650–3949 (600 total, 222 left in revenue service)	No	– 60 cars (6 trains)  – 16 cars (2 trains)  – 40 cars (5 trains)	207th Street East New York	Married pairs; even numbered cars have motor generator and battery, odd numbered cars have air compressor. Mismatched pairs common due to losses from accidents. First production cars made out of stainless steel. Many cars retired. Many replaced by the R160A/R160B car orders; retirement of remaining cars postponed to facilitate retirement of the R44s.[9][10] Remaining cars to be replaced by the R179 & R211 car orders.
R42	B	1969-1970	St. Louis Car Company	60 feet (18.29 m)	10 feet (3.05 m)		4550–4949 (400 total, 50 left in revenue service)	No	– 32 cars (4 trains)  – 24 cars (3 trains, PM rush)	East New York	Married pairs; even numbered cars have motor generator and battery, odd numbered cars have air compressor. Most cars retired. Many replaced by the R160A/R160B car orders; retirement of remaining cars postponed to facilitate retirement of the R44s. Remaining cars to be replaced by the R179 car order.
R44	B	1971-1973	St. Louis Car Company	75 feet (22.86 m)	10 feet (3.05 m)		388–435 436–466 (even numbers only) (352 total, 63 left in revenue service)	No	Staten Island Railway 63 cars (15 trains)	Clifton	Single cars; even numbered cars ("A" cars) have single full-width cabs, odd numbered cars ("B" cars) have blind ends. New York City Subway car numbers were originally 100–387 and renumbered 5202–5479 (see here).
R46	B	1975-1978	Pullman Company	75 feet (22.86 m)	10 feet (3.05 m)		5482–6207 (4-car sets) 6208–6258 (even numbers only) (754 total, 750 in service)	No	– 256 cars (32 trains, AM rush) 264 cars (33 trains, PM rush)  – 40 cars (5 trains, AM rush) 32 cars (4 trains, PM rush)  – 64 cars (8 trains)  – 240 cars (30 trains)  – 12 cars (3 trains)[11] (Route assignments subject to change)	Jamaica Pitkin	5482-6207 are in A-B-B-A configuration as 4-car sets. Even numbered cars have single full-width cabs, and are known as "A" cars Odd numbered cars have blind ends, and are known as "B" cars. Higher numbered cars are in A-A configuration (6208–6258). Car numbers were originally 500–1227 and 1228–1278 (even numbers only). Two cars (941 & 1054) wrecked and scrapped prior to General Overhaul. Two cars (6150 & 6151) wrecked after General Overhaul.
R62	A	1983-1985	Kawasaki Heavy Industries	51.04 feet (15.56 m)	8 feet 9 inches (2.67 m)		1301–1625 (325 total, 315 in service)	No	– 10 cars (1 train)  – 260 cars (26 trains, AM rush)  – 350 cars (35 trains, PM rush)[12]	Livonia 240th Street	Originally single cars, now 5-car sets. 10 cars (1366-1370, 1435-1437, 1439-1440) wrecked and scrapped. 1366-1370 were wrecked in 2000 due to an accident. Car 1369 was scrapped in 2005. Car 1366 and half of car 1370 are at the FDNY Randalls Island training center. Cars 1367 and 1368 were reefed in 2008. 1435-1437 and 1439-1440 were wrecked in 1991 due to a derailment. 1437 and 1439-1440 were scrapped in 2001. Car 1436 was reefed in 2008. 1438 is now part of a 5-car set with 1431-1434.
R62A	A	1984-1987	Bombardier Transportation	51.04 feet (15.56 m)	8 feet 9 inches (2.67 m)		1651–2475 (825 total, 824 in service)	No	– 300 cars (30 trains)  – 360 cars (36 trains)  – 10 cars (3 trains)[13]	240th Street Livonia Westchester	Originally single cars, 1901-1960 still mostly singles, all other cars in 5-car sets. 1651-1900, 1961-2475, and select other 1900s have full-width cabs at ends of sets. 1909 wrecked and scrapped.
R68	B	1986-1988	Westinghouse -Amrail Company	75 feet (22.86 m)	10 feet (3.05 m)		2500–2924 (425 total)	No	– 48 cars (6 trains, AM rush)  – 40 cars (5 trains, PM rush)  – 232 cars (29 trains, AM rush)  – 216 cars (27 trains, PM rush)  – 52 cars (13 trains)  – 24 cars (3 trains)  – 8 cars (1 train, PM rush)  – 4 cars (2 trains)[14] (Route assignments subject to change)	Concourse Coney Island	Originally single cars. 2500–2915 are now in 4-car sets. 2916–2924 are singles used for the Franklin Avenue Shuttle.
R68A	B	1988-1989	Kawasaki Heavy Industries	75 feet (22.86 m)	10 feet (3.05 m)		5001–5200 (200 total)	No	– 8 cars (1 train, PM rush)  – 160 cars (20 trains, AM rush)  – 152 cars (19 trains, PM rush)  – 8 cars (1 train) [15] (Route assignments subject to change)	Coney Island	Originally single cars, now 4-car sets.
R142	A	1999-2003	Bombardier Transportation	51.04 feet (15.56 m)	8 feet 9 inches (2.67 m)		1101–1250, 6301–7180 (1,030 total)	No	– 360 cars (36 trains, AM rush)  – 350 cars (35 trains, PM rush)  – 180 cars (18 trains, AM rush)  – 170 cars (17 trains, PM rush)  – 350 cars (35 trains, AM rush)  – 360 cars (36 trains, PM rush)[16]	East 180th Street 239th Street Jerome	All cars are sequentially numbered in A-B-B-B-A configuration as 5-car sets. Cars ending in 1, 5, 6 and 0 have single full-width cabs and are known as "A" cars. Cars ending in all other digits have no cabs and are known as "B" cars.
R142A	A	1999-2004	Kawasaki Heavy Industries	51.04 feet (15.56 m)	8 feet 9 inches (2.67 m)		7591–7810 (220 total)	No	– 170 cars (17 trains, AM rush)  – 160 cars (16 trains, PM rush)[17]	Jerome	All cars are sequentially numbered in A-B-B-B-A configuration as 5-car sets. Cars ending in 1, 5, 6 and 0 have single full-width cabs and are known as "A" cars. Cars ending in 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 and 9 have no cabs and are known as "B" cars. Original order was 7211-7810; cars 7211-7590 were converted to R188s between 2011 & 2015 for the IRT Flushing Line.[18]
R143	B	2001-2003	Kawasaki Heavy Industries	60 feet (18.29 m)	10 feet (3.05 m)		8101–8312 (212 total)	Yes	– 184 cars (23 trains)[19] (Route assignments subject to change)	East New York	All cars are sequentially numbered in A-B-B-A configuration as 4-car sets. Cars whose numbers give a remainder of 0 or 1 when divided by 4 have single full-width cabs and are known as "A" cars. Cars whose numbers give a remainder of 2 or 3 when divided by 4 have no cabs and are known as "B" cars.
R160A	B	2005-2010	Alstom Transportation	60 feet (18.29 m)	10 feet (3.05 m)		8313–8652, 9943–9974 (4-car sets) (372 cars, of 1,662 total)	8313-8380 only	– 88 cars (11 trains)  – 32 cars (4 trains)  – 24 cars (3 trains)  – 184 cars (23 trains, AM rush)  – 176 cars (22 trains, PM rush)	207th Street East New York	All cars are sequentially numbered in A-B-B-A configuration as 4-car sets. Cars with single full-width cabs are known as "A" cars. Cars with no cabs are known as "B" cars.
R160A	B	2005-2010	Alstom Transportation	60 feet (18.29 m)	10 feet (3.05 m)		8653–9942 (5-car sets)[20] (1,290 cars, of 1,662 total)	No	– 260 cars (26 trains)  – 220 cars (22 trains)  – 70 cars (7 trains)[21] (Route assignments subject to change)	Coney Island Jamaica	All cars are sequentially numbered in A-B-B-B-A configuration as 5-car sets. Cars ending in 3, 7, 8, and 2 have single full-width cabs and are known as "A" cars. Cars ending in all other digits have no cabs and are known as "B" cars. 260 cars (8843-9102) have Siemens SITRAC AC traction motors.
R160B	B	2005-2010	Kawasaki Heavy Industries	60 feet (18.29 m)	10 feet (3.05 m)			No	– 140 cars (14 trains)  – 300 cars (30 trains)  – 140 cars (14 trains)[22] (Route assignments subject to change)
R179	B	2016-2018	Bombardier Transportation	60 feet (18.29 m)	10 feet (3.05 m)		3050-3245; other numbers TBD (316 cars)	No	– 56 cars (7 trains)[23][24]	East New York	196 cars are sequentially numbered in A-B-B-A configuration as 4-car sets. Cars whose numbers give a remainder of 1 or 2 when divided by 4 have single full-width cabs and are known as "A" cars. Cars whose numbers give a remainder of 0 or 3 when divided by 4 have no cabs and are known as "B" cars. 120 cars are sequentially numbered in A-B-B-B-A configuration as 5-car sets. Cars ending in 0, 4, 5, and 9 have single full-width cabs and are known as "A" cars. Cars ending in all other digits have no cabs and are known as "B" cars. To replace all R42s and some R32s. 3015-3019, 3050-3069, 3074-3149, & 3154-3157 delivered as of September 2018; delivery expected to be completed by January 2019.[25] Original planned amount was 300 cars, numbered 3010–3309. An additional 16 cars were ordered in January 2018.[26]
R188	A	2011-2015	Kawasaki Heavy Industries	51.04 feet (15.56 m)	8 feet 9 inches (2.67 m)		7211–7590, 7811–7936 (506 total)	Yes	– 396 cars (36 trains, AM rush) 374 cars (34 trains, PM rush)[27]	Corona	All cars are in 5-car or 6-car sets to form 11-car trains for IRT Flushing Line service. Order consists of a combination of 126 new cars & R142A conversions by the manufacturer, totaling 380 car conversions.[18][28] Conversion sets numbered 7211-7590 are numbered as follows: Cars ending in 0, 1, 5, and 6 have single full-width cabs and are known as "A" cars. Cars ending in all other digits have no cabs and are known as "B" cars. Cars 7811-7898 are eight new 11-car trains (split into four 5-car trains and four 6-car trains), with cars sequentially numbered. Cars whose numbers give a remainder of 0, 1, 5, and 6 when divided by 11 have single full-width cabs and are known as "A" cars. Cars whose numbers give other remainders when divided by 11 have no cabs and are known as "B" cars. Cars 7899-7936 are "C" cars that are linked with converted R142A sets expand the sets to six cars.

Track geometry car

The track geometry car at Jay Street – MetroTech.

There are four track geometry cars on the New York City Subway that measure the system's track geometry to ensure that safe train operation is maintained. The cars are numbered TGC1–TGC4. TGC1 was ordered under contract R59 in 1984 for $1.4 million.^[29] The other three were ordered under contract R63 and cost $2.5 million each.^[30][31] The cars use sensors, measuring systems, and data management systems to get a profile of the tracks. The train crew consists of two track equipment maintainers, one maintenance supervisor, and two to three engineers. The trains typically operate during off-peak weekday daytime hours so as to not interfere more frequent rush hour service. A single car weighs 45 tons.^[31] The cars measure:

• Alignment – “Alignment is the projection of the track geometry of each rail or the track center line onto the horizontal plane,” (FRA Definition).^[32] Also known as the “straightness” of the tracks.
• Crosslevel – The variation in cant of the track over the length of a predetermined “chord” length (generally 62 feet or 18.90 meters). On straight or tangent track, ideally there should be no variation, while on curves, a cant is generally desired.
• Curvature — The amount by which the rail deviates from being straight or tangent. The geometry car checks the actual curvature (in Degree of curvature) of a curve versus its design curvature.
• Rail gauge — The distance between the rails. Over time, rail may become too wide or too narrow. In North America and most of the world, standard gauge is 4 ft 8½ in (1,435 mm).
• Rail profile — Looks for rail wear and deviations from standard profile.
• Warp – The maximum change in crosslevel over a predetermined chord length (generally sixty-two feet).^[33]
• Corrugation of running rail surface
• Tunnel and station platform clearances
• Third rail height and gauge
• Vertical gap between third rail and protective board ^[34]

The track geometry car typically checks each stretch of track about 6 times a year; the car is manually operated, and there are no plans to automate inspection of the track geometry, which is done manually with the help of high-tech equipment aboard the car.^[35]

Future fleet

Contract #	Division	Builder Year To Be Built	Total	Photo (rendering)	Notes
R211	B	Kawasaki Heavy Industries 2020s	535 cars (460 for New York City Subway; 75 for Staten Island Railway)[36]		To replace all remaining R32s, R44s, and R46s, and to expand the fleet for the Second Avenue Subway. CBTC-equipped. 20 cars to feature open gangways. Potential option orders for up to 1,612 cars.

In addition, 168 additional cars are proposed to be built and provided for service on the E, G, L, and N services between 2015 and 2019; the contract number for these growth cars is still unknown, and it is unknown if such cars would be delivered before 2019. However, it is expected that these "new" cars could be cars displaced from other services after the R179s are delivered, as some of the R32s (which were originally planned to be replaced completely by the R179s) will not be replaced until the R211 order is delivered.^[37]:35–36

Retired fleet

R-type listing

A R33 Redbird car

Main article: List of New York City Subway R-type contracts

Contract #	Year built	Division	Builder	Fleet total	Car numbers	Year retired
R1	1930–1931	IND	American Car & Foundry	300	100–399	1977
R4	1932–1933	IND	American Car & Foundry	500	400–899	1977
R-6-3	1935–1936	IND	American Car & Foundry	250	900–1149	1977
R-6-2	1936	IND	Pullman	150	1150–1299	1977
R-6-1	1936	IND	Pressed Steel	100	1300–1399	1977
R7	1937	IND	American Car & Foundry, Pullman	150	ACF: 1400–1474, Pullman: 1475–1549	1977
R7A	1938	IND	American Car & Foundry, Pullman	100	Pullman: 1550–1599, ACF: 1600–1649	1977
R9	1940	IND, BMT	American Car & Foundry, Pressed Steel	153	ACF: 1650–1701, PS: 1702–1802	1977
R10	1948–1949	IND, BMT	American Car & Foundry	400	1803–1852, 3000–3349	1989
	Car number series selected to bracket the Pre-Unification BMT number series 1853–2999. Cars 1803–1852 were renumbered to 2950–2999 in 1970.
R11	1949	BMT, IND	Budd	10	8010–8019	1977
	Number series selected to continue from the Pre-unification BMT number series. Test trains, rebuilt into R34 cars in 1965.
R12	1948	IRT	American Car & Foundry	100	5703–5802	1981
	Car Number series selected to continue from the Pre-unification IRT number series. Rollsigns displayed Post-unification IRT number series, first introduced in 1948.
R14	1949	IRT	American Car & Foundry	150	5803–5952	1984
R15	1950	IRT	American Car & Foundry	100	5953–5999, 6200–6252	1984
R16	1955	BMT, IND	American Car & Foundry	200	6300–6499	1987
R17	1955–1956	IRT	St. Louis Car	400	6500–6899	1988
R21	1956	IRT	St. Louis Car	250	7050–7299	1987
R22	1957	IRT	St. Louis Car	450	7300–7749	1987
R26	1959–1960	IRT	American Car & Foundry	110	7750–7859	2002
	Semi-Married pairs Even numbered cars have motor-generator and battery, Odd numbered cars have air compressor.
R27	1960–1961	IND, BMT	St. Louis Car	230	8020–8249	1990
	Married pairs Even numbered cars have motor-generator and battery, Odd numbered cars have air compressor.
R28	1960–1961	IRT	American Car & Foundry	100	7860–7959	2002
	Semi-Married pairs Even numbered cars have motor-generator and battery, Odd numbered cars have air compressor.
R29	1962	IRT	St. Louis Car	236	8570–8805	2002
	Married pairs Even numbered cars have motor-generator and battery, Odd numbered cars have air compressor.
R30/A	1961–1962	IND, BMT	St. Louis Car	320	R30: 8250–8351 R30A: 8352–8411 R30: 8412–8569	1993
	Married pairs Even numbered cars have motor-generator and battery, Odd numbered cars have air compressor.
R33	1962–1963	IRT	St. Louis Car	500	8806–9305	2003
	Married pairs Even numbered cars have motor-generator and battery, Odd numbered cars have air compressor.
R33 WF	1963	IRT	St. Louis Car	40	9306–9345	2003
	single cars, built for IRT Flushing Line some now in work service
R34	see R11
R36	1963–1964	IRT	St. Louis Car	34	9524–9557	2003
	Married pairs Even numbered cars have motor-generator and battery, Odd numbered cars have air compressor.
R36 WF	1963–1964	IRT	St. Louis Car	390	9346–9523, 9558–9769	2003
	Married pairs Even numbered cars have motor-generator and battery, Odd numbered cars have air compressor.
R38	1966–1967	IND, BMT	St. Louis Car	200	3950–4149	2009
	Married pairs Even numbered cars have motor-generator and battery, Odd numbered cars have air compressor.
R39	Never built	IRT, BMT
	Intended to replace old equipment running on the BMT Myrtle Avenue Line in Brooklyn and the IRT Third Avenue Line in The Bronx Would have been built to IRT dimensions of the R38 and ordered in the late 1960s or early 1970s Order scrapped when the Myrtle Avenue Line south of the junction with the BMT Jamaica Line was discontinued in 1969 and the remaining Third Avenue Line in 1973 The Budd Company used a possible outline of this car as U.S. Patent 3,151,538.
R40	1968– 1969	IND, BMT	St. Louis Car Company	200	4150–4349	2009
	Slanted ends, married pairs Even numbered cars have motor generator and battery, Odd numbered cars have air compressor Car numbers were originally 4150–4249, 4350–4449
R40A	1968–1969	IND, BMT	St. Louis Car Company	200	4350–4549	2009
	Married pairs Even numbered cars have motor generator and battery, odd numbered cars have air compressor Car numbers were originally 4250–4349 (modified),[38] 4450–4549 (slant)[39]
R44 (NYCT cars)	1971-1973	IND, BMT	St. Louis Car Company	288	100-387	2010 (NYCT cars)
	4-car sets (A-B-B-A) formation. A cars have cabs on one end, while B cars have no cabs. Car numbers were originally 100-387. 278 cars were renumbered to 5202–5479 between 1991 & 1993.
R55	Never built	IND, BMT	The R55 was a proposed car[40] for the B Division (IND/BMT). It was considered in the early 1980s, but never left the drawing board. This order later evolved into the future R68.
R99	see R29
R110A	1992	IRT	Kawasaki	10	8001–8010	1999
	(Built as Contract R130) New Technology demonstrator Cars ending in 1, 5, 6 and 0 have single full-width cabs, and are known as "A" cars. Cars ending in 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 and 9 have no cabs, and are known as "B" cars. All cars are sequentially numbered in A-B-B-B-A configuration as 5-car sets. As of 2014, cars 8001, 8005-8006, and 8010 are stored at 207th Street Yard. Cars 8002-8004 and 8007-8009 were converted into flood pump cleanup cars in 2013.
R110B	1992	IND, BMT	Bombardier	9	3001–3009	2000
	(Built as Contract R131) New Technology demonstrator, 67-foot (20 m) car Cars ending in 1, 3, 4, 6, 7 and 9 have single full-width cabs, and are known as "A" cars. Cars ending in 2, 5 and 8 have no cabs, and are known as "B" cars. All cars are sequentially numbered in A-B-A configuration as 3-car sets. As of 2015, cars 3002–3003, 3007, and 3009 are stored at 207th Street Yard. The other five are used for training at various facilities.

Miscellaneous

The "Train of Many Colors" makes another appearance on the 7 train in 2008, commemorating the last game at Shea Stadium

• Air conditioning is standard on all cars R42 and later. R38s 4140-49 and R40s 4350–4549 were also delivered with A/C, and all cars not equipped with A/C from classes R26-R40 (With the exception of the R27, R30, and R33WF) were later retrofitted with A/C. All active cars are equipped with air conditioning and cars with malfunctioning air conditioning are not supposed to be put into service.^[41]
• During World War II, a group of old New York elevated line cars dating from the late 19th century was sent west to the San Francisco Bay Area by the United States Maritime Commission for use by the Shipyard Railway, a temporary wartime electric line transporting workers to the Kaiser Shipyards. After the war, most were sold to be used as units in a local motel, but their whereabouts afterwards is unknown. Two of them however were acquired and have been restored by the Western Railway Museum in Rio Vista, California.^[42]
• There are many examples of rolling stock built under contract which are not intended for revenue service, such as the R95 money train, R65 pump train, R127/R134 garbage train and R156 work locomotive.^[43]
• The table below shows what year the TA had expected to retire several car models in 1981.^[44]

Notes

References

Further reading

• Cudahy, Brian J. Under the Sidewalks of New York: The Story of the Greatest Subway System in the World, 2nd Revised Edition. Fordham University Press, New York, 1995. ISBN 0-8232-1618-7
• Davis, Ed Sr. (1985). They Moved the Millions: A Brief History of Passenger Cars of America's Most Heavily Travelled Passenger Railway, the New York City Transit System. Livingston Enterprise.
• Dougherty, Peter J. Tracks of the New York City Subway, version 4.2. 2007
• Kramer, Frederick A. Building the Independent Subway. Quadrant Press, Inc.; New York, 1990. ISBN 0-915276-50-X
• Sansone, Gene. Evolution of New York City subways: An illustrated history of New York City's transit cars, 1867–1997. New York Transit Museum Press, New York, 1997. ISBN 978-0-9637492-8-4.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to New York City Subway rolling stock.

• nycsubway.org New York City Subway Cars
• Pre-Unification Cars (BMT)
• Pre-Unification Cars (IRT)
• R-Type Cars 1932 to 1987
• R-Type Cars 1999 to Present (NTT)
• 'R' Type Roster (includes non-train contracts)
• Forgotten NY Subway Link
• Korman, Joe (December 4, 2017). "IRT Car Assignments". JoeKorNer.
• Korman, Joe (January 12, 2018). "BMT-IND Car Assignments". JoeKorNer.
• Korman, Joe (November 6, 2016). "New York City Subway Car Fleet June 2010 through November 2016". JoeKorNer.