Wenhu line

Wenhu line
Overview
Other name(s)	Brown line, Wenshan–Neihu line
Type	Light metro/Rapid transit
Status	In service
Locale	Metropolitan Taipei
Termini	Taipei Nangang Exhibition Center Taipei Zoo
Stations	24
Services	Muzha Line, Neihu Line
Operation
Opened	28 March 1996
Operator(s)	Taipei Rapid Transit System (TRTC)
Character	Elevated and underground
Depot(s)	Muzha Depot, Neihu Depot
Rolling stock	Matra VAL 256,[1] Bombardier Innovia APM 256[2]
Technical
Line length	25.1 km (15.6 mi)
Track gauge	1,880 mm (6 ft 2 in)[3]
Electrification	Third rail (750 volts DC)
Operating speed	80 km/h
Route map Nangang Exhibition Centre Nangang Software Park Keelung River Sun Yat-Sen Fwy. Minsheng–Xizhi line to Xizhi or Neigou Donghu Minsheng Xizhi line to Dadaocheng Huzhou Dahu Park Neihu Wende Gangqian Xihu Yellow line Jiannan Road Dazhi Keelung River Sun Yat-sen Freeway Songshan Airport Zhongshan Jr. High School Songshan-Xindian line to Songshan Nanjing Fuxing Songshan-Xindian line to Xindian Zhongxiao Fuxing Bannan line to Dingpu Tamsui-Xinyi line to Xiangshan Daan Tamsui-Xinyi line to Tamsui Technology Building Liuzhangli Linguang Xinhai Rd. Xinhai Wanfang Hospital Wanfang Community Muzha Taipei Zoo Maokong Gondola to Maokong

The Wenhu or Brown line (code BR) is a medium-capacity rapid transit line of Taipei Metro named after the districts it connects: Wenshan and Neihu. It is an automated rubber-tyred metro line and is 25.1 kilometres (15.6 mi) long, serving a total of 24 stations located in 7 districts in Taipei, of which 22 are elevated and 2 underground. As of September 2011, the line transports an average of 180,000 passengers daily.^[4][5]

The Wenshan Section began revenue service on 28 March 1996, as the Muzha line. The Neihu Section began revenue service on 4 July 2009. The Wenhu line was formerly named the Muzha–Neihu line, colloquially shortened as the Zhahu line before 8 October 2009.

History

Construction of the Wenshan line began in December 1988 at a cost of NT$42.6 billion.^[6] It was plagued by controversy, cost overruns and technical problems from its development up to a few years after its opening.^[7] Originally slated to commence passenger service in December 1991, its revenue operation was repeatedly delayed up to 28 March 1996 owing to numerous accidents. Public confidence was shakened as incidents of lightning strikes, computer failures, two instances of rolling stock derailment and catching fire each were reported during the testing phase.^[8][6] In 1999, cracks were found on the elevated pillars forcing the line to shut down temporarily.^[7]

One of the largest suppliers for the system, Matra, which supplied the VAL 256 rolling stock and electrical systems for the line sued the Department of Rapid Transit Systems of the Taipei City Government for costs overruns claiming to have resulted from the latter failing to provide the necessary infrastructure to build the line.^[6][9] Subsequently, the company pulled out of the operation of the line in 1994.^[6] Chen Shui Bian, then Mayor of Taipei declared that progress and operation of the line would continue despite the walkout in the now-popular catchphrase "馬特拉不拉，我們自己拉" (lit: If Matra doesn't pull, we'd pull it ourselves). After a 12-year-long legal tussle, in 2005, Matra was awarded NT$1.6 billion (approx. US$50 million) in damages by the Supreme Court of the Republic of China.^[10][11]

Services on the Wenshan line began with two-car operation of the VAL 256 coupled together. Eventually, increasing patronage on the system led to operation in four-car configurations. The opening of Maokong Gondola in 2007 have also boosted passenger numbers travelling on the line to Taipei Zoo for transfer.

The Wenshan line is connected to the Neihu Line, which opened in July 2009. It connects to Neihu and Taipei Songshan Airport, which currently has no rapid transit access.^[8] Since an alternative contractor Bombardier was awarded to supply the rolling stock and the signaling system for the new line, the Wenshan line's signaling system was converted to suit the new communication-based train control (CBTC) CITYFLO 650 to allow both the old Matra rolling stock and the new Bombardier rolling stock to run in co-existence.^[8] On 19 December 2010, fifty-one pairs of retrofitted VAL256's (from the Matra rolling stock) will begin testing on the entire line.^[12] After over half a year of testing, the additional trains will decrease the time between trains at rush hour from 2 minutes to 72 seconds and bring the total number of trains operating on the line to 152 pairs.^[12]

The long-awaited Neihu line has had many delays prior to its opening. Since the Neihu line was planned as an extension to the Wenshan line, the original plan called for a similar elevated medium-capacity line. However, due to the growth of the Neihu District, many residents and politicians called for an underground, high-capacity line instead (similar to the Blue line).^[13]

The initial cost estimate of the elevated line was NT$42.6 billion, but due to delays the price-adjusted cost estimate rose to over NT$60.3 billion. A shift to underground construction would have increased the cost to as high as NT$134.4 billion. However, the Central Government stated that if construction for the Neihu line did not start immediately, they would withhold the grant money for the line. In addition, due to the narrow streets and numerous turns in Neihu, construction of an underground high-capacity line would have been infeasible.^[14] Thus, the plan to build an elevated line continued after much delay.^[13]

There was also significant debate whether Songshan Airport should be included on the route.^[14] The addition of the station added an additional 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) to the line's length. Because of the inclusion of the station, the final cost of the line reached NT$66.7 billion.^[15]

The line was initially planned to begin service in 1996, and after 13 years of delay, the line finally began operations. However, the Neihu line has been criticised for its frequent malfunctions and safety issues.^[14]

Rolling stock

The line was operated by the 2-car driverless VAL 256 built in 1993. A total of 102 cars were built with a maximum capacity of 114 passengers each. The fleet ran on rubber-tyred track at a maximum speed of 80 km/h.

With the opening of the Neihu line, the entire line switched over to the new automatic train control CITYFLO 650 using Innovia APM 256 trains (produced by Bombardier). As of 19 December 2010, trials are being run on retrofitted VAL 256 trains modified to run on both the Muzha and Neihu lines.^[18] The trains are expected to fully enter revenue service after testing by 26 December 2010.^[18][19] On 26 December 2010, the line will operate with 6 pairs of the retrofitted VAL 256's and 25-29 pairs of the Innovia 256's. By December 27, the ratio is expected to increase, with 10 pairs of VAL 256's and 40 pairs of the Innovia 256's.^[19]

The Wenhu line is one of only two lines worldwide to use the VAL 256s, the other being O'Hare International Airport's Airport Transit System.

Stations

Code	Station Name		Transfer	Location	Distance in km (Approximate)
	English	Chinese
BR24	Nangang Exhibition Center	南港展覽館	(BL23)	Nangang	25.1
BR23	Nangang Software Park	南港軟體園區			24.4
BR22	Donghu	東湖		Neihu	23.4
BR21	Huzhou	葫洲			22.6
BR20	Dahu Park	大湖公園			20.9
BR19	Neihu	內湖			20.0
BR18	Wende (Bihu Park)	文德 (碧湖公園)			18.9
BR17	Gangqian	港墘			17.8
BR16	Xihu (Takming University)	西湖 (德明科大)			17.0
BR15	Jiannan Road (Miramar)	劍南路 (美麗華)	Y  [planned]	Zhongshan	15.8
BR14	Dazhi (Shih Chien University)	大直 (實踐大學)			14.5
BR13	Songshan Airport	松山機場	TSA	Songshan	12.0
BR12	Zhongshan Junior High School	中山國中		Zhongshan Songshan	10.5
BR11	Nanjing Fuxing	南京復興	(G16)		9.6
BR10	Zhongxiao Fuxing	忠孝復興	(BL15)	Da'an	8.3
BR09	Daan	大安	(R05)		7.4
BR08	Technology Building	科技大樓			6.6
BR07	Liuzhangli	六張犁		Da'an Xinyi	5.5
BR06	Linguang	麟光			4.7
BR05	Xinhai	辛亥		Wenshan	3.1
BR04	Wanfang Hospital	萬芳醫院			2.3
BR03	Wanfang Community	萬芳社區			1.2
BR02	Muzha	木柵			0.7
BR01	Taipei Zoo	動物園	Y  [planned]  Maokong Gondola		0.0

References