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Islam and Iman |
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In Islam, the munafiqun ('hypocrites', Arabic: منافقون, singular منافق munāfiq) were a group decried in the Quran as outward Muslims who were secretly unsympathetic to the cause of Muslims and actively sought to undermine the Muslim community. The hypocrisy itself is called nifāq (نفاق).
Types of hypocrisy
- Hypocrisy towards God regarding actual faith. (Q2:8) and (Q2:14)
- Hypocrisy towards the tenets of faith: for example, somebody may believe in God, Judgment Day, accounting, scales of deeds and Hellfire, but not fear them at all or not refrain from committing sins because of them. Yet he claims, "I fear God."
- Hypocrisy towards others: somebody is double-faced and double-tongued. He praises someone in their presence, then, behind their back, he denounces them and tries to cause them pain and harm them."
Munafiqun in the Qur'an
The Qur'an has many verses discussing munāfiqūn, referring to them as more dangerous to Muslims than the worst non-Muslim enemies of Islam.
References
People and things in the Quran |
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Non-humans |
- Allāh ("The God")
- Names of Allah found in the Quran, such as Karīm (Generous)
- Beings in Paradise
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Prophets | |
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People of Prophets | Evil ones | |
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Good ones |
- Adam's immediate relatives
- Believer of Ya-Sin
- Family of Noah
- Luqman's son
- People of Aaron and Moses
- People of Abraham
- People of Jesus
- People of Joseph
- People of Solomon
- Zayd
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Implied or not specified | |
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Groups | Mentioned | Tribes, ethnicities or families | |
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Implicitly mentioned | |
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Religious groups | |
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Locations | |
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Plant matter |
- Baṣal (Onion)
- Fūm (Garlic or wheat)
- Shaṭ’ (Shoot)
- Sūq (Plant stem)
- Zar‘ (Seed)
Fruits |
- ‘Adas (Lentil)
- Baql (Herb)
- Ḥabb dhul-‘aṣf (Corn of the husk)
- Qith-thā’ (Cucumber)
- Rummān (Pomegranate)
- Tīn (Fig)
- Ukul khamṭ (Bitter fruit or food of Sheba)
- Zaytūn (Olive)
- In Paradise
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Bushes, trees or plants | |
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Islamic holy books | |
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Objects of people or beings | Mentioned idols (cult images) |
- 'Ansāb
- Idols of Israelites:
- Idols of Noah's people:
- Idols of Quraysh:
- Jibt and Ṭāghūt
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Celestial bodies | Maṣābīḥ (literally 'lamps'):
- Al-Qamar (The Moon)
- Kawākib (Planets)
- Nujūm (Stars)
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Liquids |
- Mā’ (Water or fluid)
- Nahr (River)
- Yamm (River or sea)
- Sharāb (Drink)
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Events, incidents, occasions or times | Battles or military expeditions | |
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Days |
- Al-Jumu‘ah (The Friday)
- As-Sabt (The Sabbath or Saturday)
- Days of battles
- Days of Hajj
- Doomsday
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Pilgrimages |
- Al-Ḥajj (literally "The Pilgrimage", the Greater Pilgrimage)
- Al-‘Umrah (The Lesser Pilgrimage)
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Times for Prayer or Remembrance | Times for Duʿāʾ (' Invocation'), Ṣalāh and Dhikr ('Remembrance', including Taḥmīd ('Praising'), Takbīr and Tasbīḥ):
- Al-‘Ashiyy (The Afternoon or the Night)
- Al-Ghuduww ("The Mornings")
- Al-Bukrah ("The Morning")
- Aṣ-Ṣabāḥ ("The Morning")
- Al-Layl ("The Night")
- Aẓ-Ẓuhr ("The Noon")
- Dulūk ash-Shams ("Decline of the Sun")
- Al-Masā’ ("The Evening")
- Qabl al-Ghurūb ("Before the Setting (of the Sun)")
- Al-Aṣīl ("The Afternoon")
- Al-Aṣr ("The Afternoon")
- Qabl ṭulū‘ ash-Shams ("Before the rising of the Sun")
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Note: The names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship) |