United States House of Representatives elections, 1860 and 1861
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Elections to the United States House of Representatives for the 37th United States Congress were held August 1860 through September 1861. Following the presidential election of 1860, Electoral College vote and Inauguration swearing-in, their term would coincide with the first two years of Abraham Lincoln's first administration.
Republican candidates won increasing percentages of the House in 1856, 1858 and, in 1860, after secessionist losses, they amounted to 59% of the House. In the same six-year period of political chaos running up to the American Civil War, the Democratic Party atrophied from holding the presidency and a two-thirds majority, to a minority caucus of less than one-third and loss of supporting presidential patronage.
This election forged Northern unity behind the pro-union Republican Party of 108 Representatives, and broad based pro-union majorities in the north and south border states among the mostly Douglas Democrats with 45 members[Note 2] and the Unionists and others amounting to another 30.
The last of a Democratic Party dominated by the slave-holding states was left to a remnant. The national party was destroyed by infighting over slavery, with minority cotton state delegates walking out in national conventions at Charleston and again at Baltimore. They were left with a rump session of cotton South delegates nominating John Breckinridge in Richmond. Those delegates returning to Congress withdrew, resigned, or were expelled. The nativist American Party completely collapsed in 1860.[1]
Special elections
There were special elections in 1860 and 1861 during the 36th United States Congress and 37th United States Congress.
Elections are sorted here by state then district.
36th Congress
District | Vacator | Reason for Vacancy | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Party | First elected | |||
Missouri 1 | Francis P. Blair Jr. | Republican | 1856 1858 (Lost) 1860 (Won election contest) |
Incumbent resigned June 25, 1860. New member elected October 3, 1860. Democratic gain. Winner lost election to the next term, see below. |
√ John R. Barret (Democratic) 50.27% Francis P. Blair Jr. (Republican) 49.70% Albert Todd (Know Nothing) 0.02%[2] |
Pennsylvania 8 | John Schwartz | Anti-Lecompton Democratic | [Data unknown/missing.] | Incumbent died June 20, 1860. New member elected October 9, 1860. Democratic hold. Winner was not a candidate for election to the next term. |
√ Jacob K. McKenty (Democratic) 56.19% James McKnight (Republican) 43.81%[3] |
Maine 5 | Israel Washburn Jr. | Republican | [Data unknown/missing.] | Incumbent resigned January 1, 1861 to become Governor of Maine. New member elected November 6, 1860. Republican hold. Winner was not a candidate for election to the next term. |
√ Stephen Coburn (Republican) 65.86% Joseph D. Brown (Democratic) 14.47% Joseph Chase (Breckinridge Democratic) 14.92% Abner Coburn (Independent) 0.86% Ebenezer Hutchinson (Constitutional Unionist) 0.57% Samuel H. Blake (Independent) 0.32%[4] |
New York 31 | Silas M. Burroughs | Republican | [Data unknown/missing.] | Incumbent died June 3, 1860. New member elected November 6, 1860. Republican hold. |
√ Edwin R. Reynolds (Republican) 59.02% Linus J. Peck (Democratic) 39.09% James L. Bowen (Breckinridge Democratic) 1.89%[5] |
37th Congress
District | Vacator | Reason for Vacancy | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Party | First elected | |||
Ohio 7 | Thomas Corwin | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent resigned March 12, 1861 to become U.S. Minister to Mexico. New member elected May 28, 1861. Unionist gain. Winner seated July 4, 1861. |
√ Richard A. Harrison (Unionist) 52.65% Aaron Harlan (Democratic) 47.35%[6] |
Ohio 13 | John Sherman | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent resigned March 12, 1861 to become U.S. Senator. New member elected May 28, 1861. Republican hold. Winner seated July 4, 1861. |
√ Samuel T. Worcester (Republican) 55.85% William McLaughlin (Democratic) 44.15%[7] |
Massachusetts 3 | Charles F. Adams Sr. | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent resigned May 1, 1861 to become Ambassador to Great Britain. New member elected June 11, 1861. Unionist gain. |
√ Benjamin Thomas (Unionist) 90.80% Eleazar Beal 9.2%[8] |
Pennsylvania 2 | Edward Joy Morris | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent resigned June 8, 1861 to become U.S. Minister Resident to Turkey. New member elected June 21, 1861. Democratic gain. Winner seated July 2, 1861. |
√ Charles J. Biddle (Democratic) 51.59% Charles O'Neill (People's) 48.41%[9] |
Pennsylvania 12 | George W. Scranton | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent died March 24, 1861. New member elected June 21, 1861. Democratic gain. Winner seated July 4, 1861. |
√ Hendrick B. Wright (Democratic) 67.82% David R. Randall (Independent)[10] |
Iowa 1 | Samuel Curtis | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent resigned August 4, 1861 to become colonel of the 2nd Iowa Infantry. New member elected October 8, 1861. Republican hold. |
√ James F. Wilson (Republican) 56.66% Juirus E. Neal (Democratic) 40.94% Scattering 2.40%[11] |
Virginia 11 | John S. Carlile | Unioinist | 1859 | Incumbent resigned July 9, 1861 to become United States Senator from the loyal faction of Virginia. New member elected October 24, 1861.[12] Unionist hold. Winner took his seat December 2, 1861. |
√ Jacob B. Blair (Unionist) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Massachusetts 5 | William Appleton | Constitutional Unioinist | 1850 1854 (Lost) 1860 |
Incumbent resigned September 27, 1861 due to failing health. New member elected November 5, 1861. Republican gain. Winner seated December 2, 1861. |
√ Samuel Hooper (Republican) 56.14% George B. Upton (Democratic) 43.87%[13] |
Illinois 6 | John A. McClernand | Democratic | 1859 (Special) | Incumbent resigned October 28, 1861 to accept a commission as brigadier general of volunteers for service in the Civil War. New member elected December 12, 1861. Democratic gain. |
√ Anthony L. Knapp (Democratic) 97.99% Scattering 2.01%[14] |
Election summaries
California was apportioned an additional seat for the 37th Congress,[15] increasing the total seats to 239. Due to the secession of the Southern states, 58 of the 66 total seats held collectively by those states were vacant, all but 3 of Tennessee's seats and 5 of Virginia's seats. Arkansas, Florida, and South Carolina held elections for the 37th Congress, but seceded before the start of Congress, and so the winners of those elections never served. The rest of the secessionist states held no elections for 1860.
108 | 30 | 1 | 44 |
Republican | Unionist | ID | Democratic |
State | Type | Date | Total seats |
Republican | Democratic | Unionist[Note 3] | Others | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
and Independent Democratic | |||||||||||||
Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | ||||||
Early election | |||||||||||||
Kansas[Note 4] | At-large | December 1, 1859 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Regular elections | |||||||||||||
Oregon[Note 5] | At-large | June 4, 1860 November 6, 1860 |
1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Missouri | District | August 6, 1860 | 7 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 0 | ||||||
Vermont | District | September 4, 1860 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Maine | District | September 10, 1860 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Indiana | District | October 9, 1860 | 11 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Iowa | District | October 9, 1860 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Ohio | District | October 9, 1860 | 21 | 13 | 8 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Pennsylvania | District | October 9, 1860 | 25 | 19 | 6 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Delaware | At-large | November 6, 1860 (Election Day)[Note 7] |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||||||
Illinois | District | 9 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
Massachusetts | District | 11 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||||||
Michigan | District | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
Minnesota | At-large | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
New Jersey | District | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
New York | District | 33 | 23 | 10[Note 2] | 0 | 0 | |||||||
Wisconsin | District | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
Late elections (After the March 4, 1861 beginning of Congress) | |||||||||||||
New Hampshire | District | March 12, 1861 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Connecticut | District | April 1, 1861 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Rhode Island | District | April 3, 1861 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | ||||||
Maryland | District | June 13, 1861 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | ||||||
Kentucky | District | June 20, 1861 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 0 | ||||||
Tennessee | District | August 1, 1861 | 10[Note 9] | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | ||||||
California | At-large | September 4, 1861 | 3[Note 10] | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Virginia | District | October 24, 1861 | 13[Note 11] | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | ||||||
Secessionist states with no representation | |||||||||||||
Alabama | District | None | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Arkansas | District | August 6, 1860 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Florida | At-large | October 1, 1860 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Georgia | District | None | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Louisiana | District | None | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | ||||||
Mississippi | District | None | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
North Carolina | District | None | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
South Carolina | District | October 8–9, 1860 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Texas | District | None | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Total[Note 13] | 181 58 vacancies |
108 59.0% |
45[Note 2] 24.6% |
30 16.4% |
0 0.0% |
Impact of the secessionist movement
In the wake of the declared secession of South Carolina from the Union on December 20, 1860, many Southern House members, mostly Democrats, refused to take their seats, rejecting the election of Lincoln as illegitimate. Before 1872, different states held elections at various times; the first elections for the 37th Congress were held on August 6, 1860 in Arkansas and Missouri, while the last election took place in California on September 4, 1861, a year later. Three Southern states – Arkansas, Florida, and South Carolina – chose Representatives before the presidential election, electing seven Democrats and two independents. These were the only House elections from the seceding states to the 37th Congress. After South Carolina resolved disunion and the Confederate States of America was formed, other Southern states declared as well and elected Representatives to the new Congress of the Confederate States instead of the United States Congress.
Since the states not holding elections had many strong Democratic districts – in the previous 36th Congress their Representatives included a total of 46 Democrats, 14 Oppositionists, five independents, and one member of the American Party – when Congress was called into session on July 4, 1861 (five months earlier than usual at the time) the size of the Democratic House caucus had been drastically reduced, resulting in a huge Republican majority.
Of the 183 seats, 102 were held by Republicans, 45 by Democrats,[Note 2] 23 by Unionists, and five others by one party each. There were several vacancies, and California had not held its election when Congress assembled.
End of a Congressional era
US Congressional Party Transformation, 1857–1863[16] | |||
---|---|---|---|
Congress | 35th 1857–59 |
36th 1859–61 |
37th 1861–63 |
United States House of Representatives | |||
Seats (change) | 237 (+3) | 238 (+1) | 183 (–55) |
Republicans | 90.38% | 116.49% | 108.59% |
Unionists | 0.0% | 0.0% | 31.17% |
Americans (+) | 14.6% | 39.16% (4-way split) | 0.0% |
Democrats | 133.56% | 83.35% | 44.24% |
United States Senate | |||
Seats (change) | 66 (+4) | 68 (+2) | 50 (–18) |
Republicans | 20.30% | 26.38% | 31.62% |
Unionists | 0.0% | 0.0% | 3.6% |
Americans | 5.8% | 2.3% | 0.0% |
Democrats | 41.62% | 38.58% | 15.30% |
In 1860, Lincoln's campaign brought the Republicans the Presidency. Likewise, the congressional elections also marked the transition from one major era of political parties to another. In just six years, over the course of the 35th, 36th and 37th Congresses, a complete reversal of party fortunes swamped the Democrats.[17]
Elections for Congress were held from August 1860 to June 1861. They were held before, during and after the pre-determined Presidential campaign. And they were held before, during and after the secessionist campaigns in various states as they were reported throughout the country. Political conditions varied hugely from time to time during the course of congressional selection, but they had been shifting to a considerable extent in the years running up to the crisis.[19]
In the 1856 elections, the Democrats had taken the Presidency for the sixth time in the last 40 years, with James Buchanan's victory over John C. Fremont and Millard Fillmore. They held almost a two-thirds majority in both the US House and Senate. Democrats held onto the Senate during the midterm elections, but the four opposition parties then amounted to two-thirds of the House. The congressional elections in 1860 transformed Democratic fortunes: Republican and Unionist candidates won a two-thirds majority in both House and Senate.[20]
After the secessionist withdrawal, resignation and expulsion, the Democrats would have less than 25% of the House for the 37th Congress, and that minority divided further between pro-unionists (Stephen Douglas), and anti-war (Clement Vallandingham) factions.[21]
Results by region
The politics of these elections were distinctive in every region of the country. The more conventional listing of Members in their state delegations, alphabetically by state, can be found at the 37th Congress article.
Party | Total seats | Change | Percentage |
---|---|---|---|
Republican | 108 | –8 | 59.0% |
Democratic | 44 | –39 | 24.0% |
Independent Democratic | 1 | – | 0.5% |
Constitutional Unionist | 30 | +30 | 16.3% |
Totals | 183 | –56 | 100.0% |
Each Region below lists the states composing it using Freehling's descriptions from 1860. The Representative's biographies are linked at their names. Each Congressional District has a link, named by its state abbreviation and its assigned number or noted At-large election. In a time before the Census Department published aggregate population data by Congressional District, the reader may have ready access to census data identifying the make up of those each district by referring to their respective articles.
The articles use different formats. The constituent counties of Congressional Districts are sometimes listed in a contents heading "List of representatives" within tables. These tables have a column naming the District's counties for each election, such as (a) "District Area" for Massachusetts, or (b) "Area" for Illinois and Maryland. Virginia uses "Historical composition of the district" to describe composition at each reapportionment. Pennsylvania notes the home county of the elected representative, sometimes holding the largest population for respective districts. Minnesota makes a geographical allusion for its 1st District applicable to the 37th Congress. Michigan uses "History" since 1852 for its 4th district. In some states, previous district composition is not described.
New England
The twenty-nine seats in the House among these six states are divided 24 Republican, two Union one Constitutional Union, and two Democratic. The region is important nationally in manufacturing and intellectually as the center of literature, Transcendentalism and the abolition movement.
North Central
The 38 Representatives from this region would seat 25 Republicans and thirteen Democrats. This region had the closest commercial and social ties to the South due to its sea-going commerce and trans-shipping cotton to local textile plants and for export.
Border North
The 73 seats in this region were split 50 Republican, 23 Democratic. Illinois is the only state here with more Democrats than Republicans.
These are free-soil states, north of the Mason–Dixon line. These states had either abolished slavery, or Congress had forbidden it in their Territory, and they had forbidden it at the beginning of their statehood.[22]
Border South and Middle South
Of the 47 Representatives in these six states, 24 are Union Party, 1 Constitutional Union, 6 Democratic, and 15 would be vacant in Virginia and Tennessee.
These were "slave holding" states, all south of the Mason–Dixon line. The border south states had less than 2% to more than 19% of their 1860 population held as slaves, with an average of 13%; middle south states ranged from 25-33% slaves, with an average of 29%. (Deep south 43-57%, except Texas, with 30%.)[23]
Eight seats in Virginia and seven seats in Tennessee represented large numbers of citizens resisting the Lincoln administration of the United States government during the Civil War. They were declared vacant in 37th Congress documents.[24]
Trans-Mississippi West
- California — Iowa — Kansas — Minnesota — Oregon — Non-voting members
West of the Mississippi, there were 16 Representatives from states, and 9 Delegates from territories. The states elected nine Republicans and one Democrat. The Territories elected four Republicans, one Democrat and two Independents.
When California entered the Union, it broke the free soil - slave state tie in the Senate. Minnesota, and Oregon followed as free soil states. Once Congress was depleted of the secessionist Democrats, the lame duck 36th Congress admitted Kansas as a free state in January, 1861, in time for it to send a Representative to the 37th Congress in March. The Republican Congress elected in 1860 began funding the transcontinental railroad, July, 1862. Nevada was admitted before the end of the Civil War in the next, 38th, Congress.
Vacant state delegations
- Alabama — Arkansas — Florida — Georgia — Louisiana — Mississippi — North Carolina — South Carolina — Texas
Forty-three seats represented large numbers of citizens in nine states resisting the Lincoln administration of the United States government during the Civil War. The following state delegations were entirely vacated.
Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee and Virginia are accounted for in the "Border South and Middle South" section.
Alabama
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alabama 1 | James Stallworth | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent withdrew January 12, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Alabama 2 | James L. Pugh | Democratic | 1859 | Incumbent withdrew January 12, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Alabama 3 | David Clopton | Democratic | 1859 | Incumbent withdrew January 21, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Alabama 4 | Sydenham Moore | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent withdrew January 21, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Alabama 5 | George S. Houston | Democratic | 1851 | Incumbent withdrew January 21, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Alabama 6 | Williamson Cobb | Democratic | 1847 | Incumbent withdrew January 30, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Alabama 7 | Jabez L. M. Curry | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent withdrew January 21, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Arkansas
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arkansas 1 | Thomas C. Hindman | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. Seat later vacated. |
|
Arkansas 2 | Albert Rust | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Independent gain. Seat later vacated. |
|
California
From statehood to 1864, California's representatives were elected at-large, with the top two vote-getters winning election from 1849 to 1858. In the 1860 Census, California gained a seat in the House.
The top three vote-getters were elected, but only the top two were seated at the beginning of session. When Congress later authorized California a third seat, Frederick Low was seated June 3, 1862.
District | Incumbents | Results | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|
California at-large | John C. Burch (Democratic) | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain. |
√ Timothy Guy Phelps (Republican) 15.6% √ Aaron A. Sargent (Republican) 15.3% √ Frederick F. Low[Note 15] (Republican) 11.8% Henry Edgerton (California) (Independent) 10.7% Joseph C. McKibben (Independent) 10.7% Frank Ganahl (Breckinridge Democratic) 10.2% Henry P. Barber (Independent) 9.5% D. O. Shattuck (Independent) 9.5% John R. Gitchell (Union Democratic) 6.8% |
California at-large | Charles L. Scott (Democratic) | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain. | |
California at-large | New seat created | New seat. New member elected. Republican gain. |
Connecticut
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Results | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Connecticut 1 | Dwight Loomis | Republican | 1859 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Dwight Loomis (Republican) 50.35% Alvan P. Hyde (Democratic) 49.65%[25] |
Connecticut 2 | John Woodruff | Republican | 1855 1856 (Lost re-election) 1859 |
Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
√ James E. English (Democratic) 52.29% John Woodruff (Republican) 47.71%[26] |
Connecticut 3 | Alfred A. Burnham | Republican | 1859 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Alfred A. Burnham (Republican) 57.25% Rufus L. Baker (Democratic) 42.75%[27] |
Connecticut 4 | Orris S. Ferry | Republican | 1859 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
√ George C. Woodruff (Democratic) 50.18% Orris S. Ferry (Republican) 49.82%[28] |
Delaware
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Delaware at-large | William G. Whiteley | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. People's gain. |
|
Florida
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Florida at-large | George S. Hawkins | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. Seat later vacated. |
|
Georgia
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Georgia 1 | Peter Early Love | Democratic | 1859 | Incumbent resigned January 23, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Georgia 2 | Martin J. Crawford | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent withdrew January 23, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Georgia 3 | Thomas Hardeman, Jr. | Opposition | 1859 | Incumbent withdrew January 23, 1861. No member elected. Opposition loss. |
None. |
Georgia 4 | Lucius J. Gartrell | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent resigned January 23, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Georgia 5 | John W. H. Underwood | Democratic | 1859 | Incumbent withdrew January 23, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Georgia 6 | James Jackson | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent resigned January 23, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Georgia 7 | Joshua Hill | Know Nothing | 1857 | Incumbent withdrew January 23, 1861. No member elected. Know Nothing loss. |
None. |
Georgia 8 | John J. Jones | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent withdrew January 23, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Illinois
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Illinois 1 | Elihu B. Washburne | Republican | 1852 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Illinois 2 | John F. Farnsworth | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
Illinois 3 | Owen Lovejoy | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Illinois 4 | William Kellogg | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Illinois 5 | Isaac N. Morris | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Illinois 6 | John A. McClernand | Democratic | 1859 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Illinois 7 | James C. Robinson | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Illinois 8 | Philip B. Fouke | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Illinois 9 | John A. Logan | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Indiana
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indiana 1 | William E. Niblack | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Indiana 2 | William H. English | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Indiana 3 | William M. Dunn | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Indiana 4 | William S. Holman | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Indiana 5 | David Kilgore | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
Indiana 6 | Albert G. Porter | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Indiana 7 | John G. Davis | Anti-Lecompton Democrat | 1858 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Indiana 8 | James Wilson | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
Indiana 9 | Schuyler Colfax | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Indiana 10 | Charles Case | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
Indiana 11 | John U. Pettit | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
Iowa
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Iowa 1 | Samuel R. Curtis | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Iowa 2 | William Vandever | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Kansas
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Results | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kansas at-large | Martin F. Conway | Republican | 1859 (New state) | State admitted January 29, 1861, just in time for the elected Representative to take his seat in the new Congress, beginning March 4, 1861. | √ Martin F. Conway (Republican) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Kentucky
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kentucky 1 | Henry C. Burnett | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Henry C. Burnett (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Kentucky 2 | Samuel Peyton | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Unionist gain. |
√ James S. Jackson (Unionist) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Kentucky 3 | Francis Bristow | Opposition | 1854 (Special) 1855 (Retired) 1859 |
Incumbent retired. New member elected. Unionist gain. |
√ Henry Grider (Unionist) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Kentucky 4 | William C. Anderson | Opposition | 1859 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Unionist gain. |
√ Aaron Harding (Unionist) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Kentucky 5 | John Y. Brown | Democratic | 1859 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. New member elected. Unionist gain. |
√ Charles A. Wickliffe (Unionist) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Kentucky 6 | George W. Dunlap | Opposition | 1847 1849 (Retired) 1859 |
Incumbent retired. New member elected. Unionist gain. |
√ Charles A. Wickliffe (Unionist) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Kentucky 7 | Robert Mallory | Opposition | 1859 | Incumbent re-elected in a new party. Unionist gain. |
√ Robert Mallory (Unionist) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Kentucky 8 | William E. Simms | Democratic | 1859 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Unionist gain. |
√ John J. Crittenden (Unionist) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Kentucky 9 | Laban T. Moore | Opposition | 1859 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Unionist gain. |
√ William H. Wadsworth (Unionist) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Kentucky 10 | John W. Stevenson | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Unionist gain. |
√ John W. Menzies (Unionist) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Louisiana
Louisiana seceeded January 26, 1861 and did not elect members of the 37th Congress.
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Louisiana 1 | John Edward Bouligny | Know Nothing | 1859 | No member elected. Know Nothing loss. |
None. |
Louisiana 2 | Miles Taylor | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent withdrew February 5, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Louisiana 3 | Thomas G. Davidson | Democratic | 1855 | No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Louisiana 4 | John M. Landrum | Democratic | 1859 | Incumbent retired. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Maine
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maine 1 | Daniel E. Somes | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
Maine 2 | John J. Perry | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
Maine 3 | Ezra B. French | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
Maine 4 | Freeman H. Morse | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
Maine 5 | Israel Washburn, Jr. | Republican | 1850 | Incumbent retired to run for Governor of Maine. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
Maine 6 | Stephen C. Foster | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
Maryland
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maryland 1 | James A. Stewart | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Unionist gain. |
√ John W. Crisfield (Unionist) 57.39% Daniel McHenry (States Rights) 42.61% |
Maryland 2 | Edwin H. Webster | Know Nothing | 1859 | Incumbent re-elected in a new party. Unionist gain. |
√ Edwin H. Webster (Unionist) 98.63% Scattering 1.37%[29] |
Maryland 3 | James M. Harris | Know Nothing | 1855 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Unionist gain. |
√ Cornelius L. L. Leary (Unionist) William P. Preston (States Rights) 48.05%[30] |
Maryland 4 | Henry W. Davis | Know Nothing | 1855 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Unionist gain. |
√ Henry May (Unionist) 57.55% Henry W. Davis (Unionist) 42.45%[31] |
Maryland 5 | Jacob M. Kunkel | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Unionist gain. |
√ Francis Thomas (Unionist) 96.18% Scattering 3.82% |
Maryland 6 | George W. Hughes | Democratic | 1859 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Unionist gain. |
√ Charles B. Calvert (Unionist) 50.92% Benjamin G. Harris (States Rights) 49.08%[32] |
Massachusetts
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Massachusetts 1 | Thomas D. Eliot | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 2 | James Buffington | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 3 | Charles Francis Adams Sr. | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 4 | Alexander H. Rice | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 5 | Anson Burlingame | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Constitutional Union gain. |
|
Massachusetts 6 | John B. Alley | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 7 | Daniel W. Gooch | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 8 | Charles R. Train | Republican | 1859 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 9 | Eli Thayer | Constitutional Union | 1856 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
Massachusetts 10 | Charles Delano | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 11 | Henry L. Dawes | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Michigan
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Michigan 1 | William A. Howard | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
Michigan 2 | Henry Waldron | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
Michigan 3 | Francis W. Kellogg | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Michigan 4 | Dewitt C. Leach | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
Minnesota
District | Incumbents | Status | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|
Minnesota at-large | Cyrus Aldrich (Republican) | Incumbent re-elected. | Cyrus Aldrich (Republican) 31.75% William Windom (Republican) 31.51% John M. Gilman (Democratic) 17.30% James George (Democratic) 17.24% Alonzo Jay Edgerton (Breckingridge Democratic) 1.12% James W. Taylor (Breckinridge Democratic) 1.09% |
Minnesota at-large | William Windom (Republican) | Incumbent re-elected. |
Mississippi
Mississippi seceeded January 9, 1861 and did not elect members of the 37th Congress.
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mississippi 1 | Lucius Q. C. Lamar | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent retired December 1860. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None |
Mississippi 2 | Reuben Davis | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent withdrew January 12, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None |
Mississippi 3 | William Barksdale | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent withdrew January 12, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None |
Mississippi 4 | Otho R. Singleton | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent withdrew January 12, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None |
Mississippi 5 | John J. McRae | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent withdrew January 12, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None |
Missouri
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Missouri 1 | John Richard Barret | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
Missouri 2 | Thomas L. Anderson | Independent Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Constitutional Union gain. |
|
Missouri 3 | John Bullock Clark | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Missouri 4 | James Craig | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected.[33] Democratic hold |
|
Missouri 5 | Samuel H. Woodson | American | 1856 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
Missouri 6 | John S. Phelps | Democratic | 1844 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Missouri 7 | John William Noell | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New Hampshire
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
New Hampshire 1 | Gilman Marston | Republican | 1859 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Gilman Marston (Republican) 52.86% Daniel Marcy (Democratic) 47.14%[34] |
New Hampshire 2 | Mason Tappan | Republican | 1855 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
√ Edward H. Rollins (Republican) 52.36 Samuel N. Bell (Democratic) 47.64%[35] |
New Hampshire 3 | Thomas M. Edwards | Republican | 1859 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Thomas M. Edwards (Republican) 54.23% William Burns (Democratic) 45.77%[36] |
New Jersey
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
New Jersey 1 | John T. Nixon | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New Jersey 2 | John L. N. Stratton | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New Jersey 3 | Garnett Adrain | Anti-Lecompton Democrat | 1856 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
New Jersey 4 | Jetur R. Riggs | Anti-Lecompton Democrat | 1858 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
New Jersey 5 | William Pennington | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
New York
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
New York 1 | Luther C. Carter | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
New York 2 | James Humphrey | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
New York 3 | Daniel Sickles | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
New York 4 | Thomas J. Barr | Independent Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Independent Democratic hold. |
|
New York 5 | William B. Maclay | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
New York 6 | John Cochrane | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
New York 7 | George Briggs | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
New York 8 | Horace F. Clark | Anti-Lecompton Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
New York 9 | John B. Haskin | Anti-Lecompton Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
New York 10 | Charles Van Wyck | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 11 | William S. Kenyon | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
New York 12 | Charles Lewis Beale | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
New York 13 | Abram B. Olin | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 14 | John H. Reynolds | Anti-Lecompton Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
New York 15 | James B. McKean | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 16 | George W. Palmer | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
New York 17 | Francis E. Spinner | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
New York 18 | Clark B. Cochrane | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
New York 19 | James H. Graham | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
New York 20 | Roscoe Conkling | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 21 | R. Holland Duell | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 22 | M. Lindley Lee | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
New York 23 | Charles B. Hoard | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
New York 24 | Charles B. Sedgwick | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 25 | Martin Butterfield | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
New York 26 | Emory B. Pottle | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
New York 27 | Alfred Wells | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
New York 28 | William Irvine | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
New York 29 | Alfred Ely | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 30 | Augustus Frank | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 31 | Edwin R. Reynolds | Republican | 1860 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
New York 32 | Elbridge G. Spaulding | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 33 | Reuben Fenton | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
North Carolina
North Carolina seceeded May 20, 1861 and did not elect members of the 37th Congress.
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
North Carolina 1 | William N. H. Smith | Opposition | 1859 | Incumbent retired. No member elected. Opposition loss. |
None. |
North Carolina 2 | Thomas H. Ruffin | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent retired. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
North Carolina 3 | Warren Winslow | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent retired. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
North Carolina 4 | Lawrence O'Bryan Branch | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent retired. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
North Carolina 5 | John A. Gilmer | Opposition | 1857 | Incumbent retired. No member elected. Opposition loss. |
None. |
North Carolina 6 | James M. Leach | Opposition | 1859 | Incumbent retired. No member elected. Opposition loss. |
None. |
North Carolina 7 | F. Burton Craige | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent retired. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
North Carolina 8 | Zebulon B. Vance | Democratic | 1858 (Special) | Incumbent retired. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Ohio
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates[37] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ohio 1 | George H. Pendleton | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 2 | John A. Gurley | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 3 | Clement Vallandigham | Democratic | 1858 (s) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 4 | William Allen | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 5 | James M. Ashley | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 6 | William Howard | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold |
|
Ohio 7 | Thomas Corwin | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 8 | Benjamin Stanton | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold |
|
Ohio 9 | John Carey | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain |
|
Ohio 10 | Carey A. Trimble | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 11 | Charles D. Martin | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain |
|
Ohio 12 | Samuel S. Cox | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 13 | John Sherman | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 14 | Harrison G. O. Blake | Republican | 1859 (s) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 15 | William Helmick | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain |
|
Ohio 16 | Cydnor B. Tompkins | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Republican hold |
|
Ohio 17 | Thomas C. Theaker | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain |
|
Ohio 18 | Sidney Edgerton | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 19 | Edward Wade | Republican | 1852 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold |
|
Ohio 20 | John Hutchins | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 21 | John A. Bingham | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Oregon
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oregon at-large | George K. Shiel | Democratic | 1860 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold. Election Challenged George Shiel Later Seated |
|
Pennsylvania
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pennsylvania 1 | Thomas B. Florence | Democratic | 1848 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Pennsylvania 2 | Edward J. Morris | People's | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. Republican gain. |
|
Pennsylvania 3 | John P. Verree | People's | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. Republican gain. |
|
Pennsylvania 4 | William Millward | People's | 1858 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
Pennsylvania 5 | John Wood | People's | 1858 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
Pennsylvania 6 | John Hickman | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. Republican gain. |
|
Pennsylvania 7 | Thomas Corwin | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania 8 | Jacob K. McKenty | Democratic | 1860 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold |
|
Pennsylvania 9 | Thaddeus Stevens | People's | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. Republican gain. |
|
Pennsylvania 10 | John W. Killinger | People's | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. Republican gain. |
|
Pennsylvania 11 | James H. Campbell | People's | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. Republican gain |
|
Pennsylvania 12 | George W. Scranton | People's | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. Republican gain |
|
Pennsylvania 13 | William H. Dimmick | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold |
|
Pennsylvania 14 | Galusha A. Grow | People's | 1850 | Incumbent re-elected. Republican gain |
|
Pennsylvania 15 | James Tracy Hale | People's | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. Republican gain |
|
Pennsylvania 16 | Benjamin F. Junkin | People's | 1858 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain |
|
Pennsylvania 17 | Edward McPherson | People's | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. Republican gain |
|
Pennsylvania 18 | Samuel S. Blair | People's | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. Republican gain |
|
Pennsylvania 19 | John Covode | People's | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. Republican gain |
|
Pennsylvania 20 | William Montgomery | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Pennsylvania 21 | James K. Moorhead | People's | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. Republican gain |
|
Pennsylvania 22 | Robert McKnight | People's | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. Republican gain |
|
Pennsylvania 23 | William Stewart | People's | 1856 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain |
|
Pennsylvania 24 | Chapin Hall | People's | 1858 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain |
|
Pennsylvania 25 | Elijah Babbitt | People's | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. Republican gain |
|
Rhode Island
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rhode Island 1 | Christopher Robinson | Republican | 1859 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Unionist gain. |
√ William P. Sheffield (Unionist) 51.25% Christopher Robinson (Republican) 48.75%[38] |
Rhode Island 2 | William D. Brayton | Republican | 1859 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Unionist gain. |
√ George H. Browne (Unionist) 53.53% William D. Brayton (Republican) 46.48%[39] |
South Carolina
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
South Carolina 1 | John McQueen | Democratic | 1844 | Incumbent re-elected. Seat later vacated. |
|
South Carolina 2 | William P. Miles | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. Seat later vacated. |
|
South Carolina 3 | Laurence M. Keitt | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. Seat later vacated. |
|
South Carolina 4 | Milledge L. Bonham | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. Seat later vacated. |
|
South Carolina 5 | John D. Ashmore | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. Seat later vacated. |
|
South Carolina 6 | William W. Boyce | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent re-elected. Seat later vacated. |
|
Tennessee
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tennessee 1 | Thomas A. R. Nelson | Opposition | 1859 | Incumbent re-elected as a Unionist but failed to be seated. Unionist gain. Winner was prevented from taking his seat by his arrest. |
√ Thomas A. R. Nelson (Unionist) 53.86% Joseph B. Heiskell (Confederate States of America) 39.84% Robert P. Caldwell (Confederate States of America) 4.98% William McFarland (Unknown) 1.32%[40] |
Tennessee 2 | Horace Maynard | Opposition | 1857 | Incumbent re-elected as a Unionist. Unionist gain. |
√ Horace Maynard (Unionist) 59.23% James T. Shields (Confederate States of America) 40.77%[41] |
Tennessee 3 | Reese B. Brabson | Opposition | 1859 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Unionist gain. Winner was prevented from taking his seat by his arrest. |
√ George W. Bridges (Unionist) 52.75 A. B. Welcker (Confederate States of America) 46.80% Samuel A. Smith (Unknown) 0.45%[42] |
Tennessee 4 | William B. Stokes | Democratic | 1859 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost. New member elected. Unionist gain. |
√ Andrew J. Clements (Unionist) Unopposed[43] |
Tennessee 5 | Robert H. Hatton | Opposition | 1859 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost. No member elected. Opposition loss. |
None. |
Tennessee 6 | James H. Thomas | Opposition | 1859 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost. No member elected. Opposition loss. |
None. |
Tennessee 7 | John V. Wright | Democratic | 1855 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Tennessee 8 | James M. Quarles | Opposition | 1859 | Incumbent retired. No member elected. Opposition loss. |
None. |
Tennessee 9 | Emerson Etheridge | Opposition | 1853 1857 (Lost) 1859 |
Unknown if incumbent retired or lost. No member elected. Opposition loss. |
None. |
Tennessee 10 | William T. Avery | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent retired. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Texas
Texas seceeded February 1, 1861 and did not elect members of the 37th Congress.
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Texas 1 | John H. Reagan | Democratic | 1859 | Incumbent resigned January 15, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Texas 2 | Andrew J. Hamilton | Independent Democratic | 1859 | Incumbent retired. No member elected. Independent Democratic loss. |
None. |
Virginia
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Virginia 1 | Muscoe Garnett | Democratic | 1856 (Special) | Incumbent retired. New member elected October 24, 1861. Unionist gain. Winner was later disqualified. |
√ Joseph Segar (Unionist) Unopposed[44] |
Virginia 2 | John S. Millson | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent retired. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Virginia 3 | Daniel Coleman DeJarnette Sr. | Independent Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent retired. No member elected. Independent Democratic loss. |
None. |
Virginia 4 | Roger Pryor | Democratic | 1859 (Special) | Incumbent retired. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Virginia 5 | Thomas S. Bocock | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent retired. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Virginia 6 | Shelton F. Leake | Independent Democratic | 1859 | Incumbent retired. No member elected. Independent Democratic loss. |
None. |
Virginia 7 | William Smith | Democratic | 1841 (Special) 1843 (Lost) 1857 |
Incumbent retired. New member elected. Unionist gain. Winner was later disqualified. |
√ Charles H. Upton (Unionist) Unopposed[45] |
Virginia 8 | Alexander Boteler | Opposition | 1859 | Incumbent retired. No member elected. Opposition loss. |
None. |
Virginia 9 | John T. Harris | Independent Democratic | 1859 | Incumbent retired. No member elected. Independent Democratic loss. |
None. |
Virginia 10 | Sherrard Clemens | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Unionist gain. |
√ William G. Brown Sr. (Unionist) 99.69% Zedekiah Kidwell (Unknown) 0.31%[46] |
Virginia 11 | Albert G. Jenkins | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Unionist gain. |
√ John S. Carlile (Unionist) Unopposed[47] |
Virginia 12 | Henry A. Edmundson | Democratic | 1849 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Unionist gain. |
√ Kellian Whaley (Unionist) Unopposed[48] |
Virginia 13 | Elbert S. Martin | Independent Democratic | 1859 | Incumbent lost re-election. No member elected. Independent Democratic loss. |
None. |
Vermont
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vermont 1 | Eliakim P. Walton | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Vermont 2 | Justin S. Morrill | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Vermont 3 | Homer E. Royce | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
Wisconsin
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wisconsin 1 | John F. Potter | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wisconsin 2 | Cadwallader C. Washburn | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
Wisconsin 3 | Charles H. Larrabee | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
Non-voting members
All are trans-Mississippi west non-voting delegates in the 37th Congress. Nevada was admitted as a state in the next Congress.
- Colorado Territory at-large. Hiram P. Bennet (Republican)
- Dakota Territory at-large. John B. S. Todd (Democratic)
- Nebraska Territory at-large. Samuel G. Daily (Republican)
- Nevada Territory. John Cradlebaugh (I)
- New Mexico Territory at-large. John S. Watts (Republican)
- Utah Territory. John M. Bernhisel (I)
- Washington Territory at-large. William H. Wallace (Republican)
See also
Notes
- ↑ Included eight Anti-Lecompton Democrats and seven independent Democrats.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Includes one independent Democrat, James E. Kerrigan, elected from New York's 4th congressional district.
- ↑ Includes Unionists, Constitutional Unionists, and the two "Union" members from Rhode Island.
- ↑ Kansas was not admitted until January 29, 1861, near the end of the 36th Congress, the winner of this election served in both the 36th and 37th Congresses.
- ↑ Two elections were held in 1860, and controversy existed over which election was valid.
- 1 2 Know-Nothings
- ↑ In 1845, Congress set a uniform date for choosing presidential electors (5 Stat. 721). Other elections were unaffected by this law, but the date was gradually adopted by the states for congressional elections as well.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Previously Opposition members.
- ↑ 7 vacancies
- ↑ 1 seat added
- ↑ 8 vacancies
- ↑ 1 Opposition and 1 Know-Nothing
- ↑ Excludes states that seceded before the start of Congress
- ↑ Compared to 19 Opposition and 5 Know-Nothings in previous election of 1858.
- ↑ Frederick F. Low, the candidate with the third highest vote in the at-large election for California's Congressional delegation, was seated when Congress approved California's third seat in the House of Representatives, from June 3, 1862.
References
- ↑ Martis, pp. 114–115.
- ↑ "MO District 1 - Special Election". November 22, 2007. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ↑ "PA District 08 - Special Election". April 10, 2009. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ↑ "ME District 5 - Special Election". January 11, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ↑ "NY District 31 - Special Election". April 7, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ↑ "OH - District 07 Special Election". April 16, 2008. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ↑ "OH - District 13 Special Election". April 16, 2018. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ↑ "MA - District 3 Special Election". March 17, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ↑ "PA - District DDDD Special Election". May 3, 2009. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ↑ "PA - District 12 Special Election". January 17, 2009. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ↑ "IA - District 01 Special Election". March 18, 2010. Retrieved August 13, 2008 – via Our Campaigns.
- ↑ "VA - District 11 Special Election". March 18, 2010. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ↑ "MA - District 5 Special Election". March 10, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ↑ "IL District 06-Special". March 12, 2010. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ↑ 12 Stat. 411
- ↑ Martis, pp. 111, 113, 115.
- ↑ Martis, pp. 31–35.
- ↑ Simon, Harold (2008). Lincoln: President Elect. Abraham Lincoln and the Great Secession Winter 1860-1861. Simon & Schuster. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-7432-8947-4.
- ↑ Martis, p. 36.
- ↑ Martis, p. 34.
- ↑ Martis, pp. 114, 115.
- ↑ Freehling, William W. (2007). The Road to Disunion. Vol. II: Secessionists Triumphant: 1854-1861. Oxford University Press. p. 2 (map). ISBN 978-0-19-505815-4.
- ↑ Long, E.B. (1985). "Appendix". The Civil War Day By Day: An Almanac, 1861-1865. Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-80255-3.
- ↑ Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress, (1774–2005), "Official Annotated Membership Roster by State with Vacancy and Special Election Information for the 37th Congress".
- ↑ "CT - District 01 - History". May 24, 2008. Retrieved August 10, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ↑ "CT - District 02 - History". May 24, 2008. Retrieved August 10, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ↑ "CT - District 03 - History". May 24, 2008. Retrieved August 10, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ↑ "CT - District 04 - History". May 24, 2008. Retrieved August 10, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ↑ https://www.ourcampaigns.com/ContainerHistory.html?ContainerID=462
- ↑ https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=722062
- ↑ https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=722071
- ↑ https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=69043
- ↑ "CRAIG, James, (1818 - 1888)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved March 20, 2015.
- ↑ https://www.ourcampaigns.com/ContainerHistory.html?ContainerID=522
- ↑ https://www.ourcampaigns.com/ContainerHistory.html?ContainerID=523
- ↑ https://www.ourcampaigns.com/ContainerHistory.html?ContainerID=3091
- ↑ Smith, Joseph P, ed. (1898). History of the Republican Party in Ohio. I. Chicago: the Lewis Publishing Company. pp. 128, 129.
- ↑ "RI - Eastern District". January 8, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
- ↑ "RI - Western District". January 8, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
- ↑ "TN - District 01". February 17, 2010. Retrieved August 13, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ↑ "TN - District 02". February 17, 2010. Retrieved August 13, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ↑ "TN - District 03". February 17, 2010. Retrieved August 13, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ↑ "TN - District 04". February 17, 2010. Retrieved August 13, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ↑ "VA - District 01". March 19, 2010. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ↑ "VA - District 07". January 3, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ↑ "VA - District 10". March 18, 2010. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ↑ "VA - District 11". March 18, 2010. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ↑ "VA - District 12". March 18, 2010. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
Bibliography
- Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
- Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
External links
- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)