United States House of Representatives elections, 1912

United States House of Representatives elections, 1912

November 5, 1912[Note 1]
All 435 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives 218 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party   Leader Champ Clark James Mann Party Democratic Republican Leader since March 4, 1909 March 4, 1911 Leader's seat Missouri 5th Illinois 2nd Last election 230 seats 163 seats[Note 2] Seats won 291[1][2] 134[1][2] Seat change 61 29   Third party Fourth party   Party Socialist Progressive Last election 1 seat 0 seats Seats won 0[1][2] 9[1][2] Seat change 1 9   Fifth party   Party Independent Last election 0 seats Seats won 1 Seat change 1
Speaker before election Champ Clark Democratic Elected Speaker Champ Clark Democratic

Elections to the United States House of Representatives in 1912 were held for members of the 63rd Congress, coinciding with the election of President Woodrow Wilson.

Wilson's victory was partly due to the division of the opposition Republican Party into conservative and progressive factions. While many progressives stayed within the party framework, they maintained lukewarm relationships with Republican leadership. Others formed a third party known as the Progressives and several switched allegiance to the Democrats. A message of unity was portrayed by the Democrats, allowing this group to present themselves as above the bickering and corruption that had become associated with the Republican internal feud. Many of the new seats that were added after the prior census ended up in Democratic hands. In addition, William Kent, who had been elected to the House as a Republican in 1908, was elected to California's 1st congressional district as an Independent.

The number of representatives was increased for this election to 435, where it currently stands (aside from 1959 when Alaska and Hawaii were admitted as states).

Election summaries

In reapportionment following the 1910 census, 41 new seats were added, bringing the House to its modern size. This would be the last time the size of the House changed, except for a temporary addition of two seats in 1959 after the admission of Alaska and Hawaii and subsequent return to 435 in 1963. In the reapportionment, 1 state lost 1 seat, 22 states had no change in apportionment, 16 states gained 1 seat each, 5 states gained 2 seats each, 2 states gained 3 seats, 1 state gained 4 seats, and 1 state gained 6 seats. Twelve states used at-large seats in addition to districts to elect new seats.

State	Type	Total seats (Reapportionment)		Democratic		Republican		Progressive		Independent
		Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Alabama	District +at-large[Note 3]	10	1	10	1	0		0		0
Arizona	At-large	1		1		0		0		0
Arkansas	District	7		7		0		0		0
California	District	11	3	3	2	7		0		1	1
Colorado	District +2 at-large[Note 3]	4	1	4	1	0		0		0
Connecticut	District[Note 4]	5		5	4	0	4	0		0
Delaware	At-large	1		1	1	0	1	0		0
Florida	District +at-large[Note 3]	4	1	4	1	0		0		0
Georgia	District	12	1	12	1	0		0		0
Idaho	At-large	2	1	0		2	1	0		0
Illinois	District +2 at-large[Note 3]	27	2	20	9	5	9	2	2	0
Indiana	District	13		13	1	0	1	0		0
Iowa	District	11		3	2	8	2	0		0
Kansas	District	8		5	5	3	5	0		0
Kentucky	District	11		9		2		0		0
Louisiana	District	8	1	8	1	0		0		0
Maine[Note 5]	District	4		1	1	3	1	0		0
Maryland	District	6		6	1	0	1	0		0
Massachusetts	District	16	2	7	3	9	1	0		0
Michigan	District +at-large[Note 3]	13	1	2		9	1	2	2	0
Minnesota	District +at-large[Note 3]	10	1	1		9	1	0		0
Mississippi	District	8		8		0		0		0
Missouri	District	16		15	2	1	2	0		0
Montana	At-large	2	1	2	2	0	1	0		0
Nebraska	District	6		3		3		0		0
Nevada	At-large	1		0		1		0		0
New Hampshire	District	2		2	2	0	2	0		0
New Jersey	District	12	2	11	4	1	2	0		0
New Mexico	At-large	1	1	1		0	1	0		0
New York	District	43	6	31	8	11	3	1	1	0
North Carolina	District	10		10		0		0		0
North Dakota	District	3	1	0		3	1	0		0
Ohio	District +at-large[Note 3]	22	1	19	3	3	2	0		0
Oklahoma	District +3 at-large[Note 3]	8	3	6	3	2		0		0
Oregon	District	3	1	0		3	1	0		0
Pennsylvania	District +4 at-large[Note 3]	36	4	12	4	22	2	2	2	0
Rhode Island	District	3	1	2	1	1		0		0
South Carolina	District	7		7		0		0		0
South Dakota	District[Note 6]	3	1	0		3	1	0		0
Tennessee	District	10		8		2		0		0
Texas	District +2 at-large[Note 3]	18	2	18	2	0		0		0
Utah	At-large	2	1	0		2	1	0		0
Vermont[Note 5]	District	2		0		2		0		0
Virginia	District	10		9		1		0		0
Washington	District +2 at-large[Note 3]	5	2	0		3		2	2	0
West Virginia	District +at-large[Note 3]	6	1	2	2	4	3	0		0
Wisconsin	District	11[Note 7]		3	1	8		0		0
Wyoming	At-large	1		0		1		0		0
Total		435	41	291 66.9%	61	134 30.8%	29	9 2.1%	9	1 0.2%	1

Early election dates

Two states, with 6 seats between them, held elections early in 1912:

• September 3, 1912: Vermont
• September 9, 1912: Maine

This was the last year that Vermont held early elections.

Alabama

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

Georgia

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

The Utah election consisted of an all-party general ticket election to the two at-large seats. Howell was elected to the first at-large seat, while Johnson was elected to the second at-large seat, but they were nevertheless placed in districts.

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming

See also

• United States elections, 1912
  • United States presidential election, 1912
  • United States Senate elections, 1912
• 62nd United States Congress
• 63rd United States Congress

Notes

References

Bibliography

• Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
• Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
• "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.

External links

• Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)