John F. Potter

John Fox Potter
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Wisconsin's 1st district
In office
March 4, 1857 – March 3, 1863
Preceded by Daniel Wells, Jr.
Succeeded by James S. Brown
Member of the Wisconsin State Assembly
In office
1856–1857
Personal details
Born May 11, 1817
Augusta, Maine, USA
Died May 18, 1899(1899-05-18) (aged 82)
East Troy, Wisconsin, USA
Political party Whig, Republican
Spouse(s) Frances Elizabeth Lewis Fox
Profession Politician, Lawyer, Judge

John Fox Potter nicknamed "Bowie Knife Potter" (May 11, 1817 – May 18, 1899) was a nineteenth-century politician, lawyer and judge from Wisconsin who served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and the U.S. House of Representatives.[1][2]

Early and family life

Born in Augusta, Maine, Potter attended common schools and Phillips Exeter Academy. He married Frances Elizabeth Lewis Fox Potter (1818–1863) of Portland, Maine. Her father George Fox (1791–1864) and unmarried sisters would move to Wisconsin and farm alongside the Potters. Their son John Kendall Potter (1853–1864) barely survived his mother. However, their children Rebecca (1841–1908), Alfred (1843–1915) and Frances (1847–after 1900) did survive and have children.[3]

Career

Admitted to the Wisconsin bar in 1837, Potter began his legal practice in East Troy, Wisconsin. He served as a judge in Walworth County, Wisconsin from 1842 to 1846.

A Whig, Potter was elected a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, and served a term (1856–1857). He was a delegate to the 1852 Whig National Convention and 1856 Whig National Convention. With the demise of the Whig party, Potter became a Republican and became a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1860 and 1864.

Member of Congress

Wisconsin voters elected Potter to the United States House of Representatives in 1856 and he won re-election twice. Thus, Potter served in the 35th through the 37th Congresses (1857 to 1863). Potter received his nickname in 1860, as a result of an aborted duel with Arkansas Congressman Roger A. Pryor after Illinois Congressman (and abolitionist) Owen Lovejoy's remarks concerning the 1837 murder of his brother Elijah Lovejoy. Pryor had edited Potter's followup remarks to eliminate a mention of the Republican Party, to which Potter had objected, then Pryor challenged Potter to a duel, but his seconds objected when Potter chose bowie knives as the prospective weapon, rather than guns or swords (with which many Southerners were adept and used to bully northerners, particularly Republicans). The incident received considerable press, and Potter's friends afterward often accompanied him when on Washington's streets, lest he be accosted again to test his mettle.[4] Potter served as chairman of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions from 1859 to 1861 and of the Committee on Public Lands from 1861 to 1863. In this latter role, his committee handled the Homestead Act of 1862.

In 1861, Potter was one of the participants in the Peace Conference of 1861, which failed to avert the American Civil War. He was defeated in his race for reelection in 1862 by fellow Maine-born lawyer James S. Brown, a Democrat who had been Milwaukee prosecutor and mayor, and who would defeated the following year by a Republican general. During the campaign, his son Alfred C. Potter had enlisted in the 28th Wisconsin Infantry in August 1862 as a sergeant, but would be mustered out the following April, and began receiving a pension in 1896.[5]

Later career

After Potter's congressional term ended in early 1863, he declined appointment as governor of Dakota Territory, and his wife died in May 1863 in Washington, D.C., leaving Potter a widower with a ten year old son. The Lincoln administration then appointed Potter as Consul General of the United States in the British-controlled Province of Canada from 1863 to 1866. Thus Potter resided in what was then the Canadian capital of Montreal, Lower Canada.

In 1866, Potter returned to East Troy, Wisconsin, where he resumed his legal practice.

Death and legacy

Potter died at his home on May 18, 1899. He was interred beside his wife in the family plot at Oak Ridge Cemetery in East Troy.[6] The Wisconsin Historical Society received his knife.[7]

References

  1. ↑ Appleton's Cyclopedia, vol. VI p. 90
  2. ↑
    • United States Congress. "John F. Potter (id: P000465)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  3. ↑ 1860 U.S. Federal Census for Walworth, East Troy, Walworth County, Wisconsin and various ancestry.com and findagrave.com entries
  4. ↑ Charles E. Porter, Geneologies of Potter Family and Descendents in America to the present generation (Boston: Alfred Mudge & Son, 1888) pp. 35-37, available at https://archive.org/stream/cu31924029843731/cu31924029843731_djvu.txt
  5. ↑ U.S. Civil War records on ancestry.com
  6. ↑ Find a Grave.com no. 6856328
  7. ↑ Wisconsin's revised privacy law produces broken link at http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/museum/artifacts/archives/001252.asp The Monster Knife of John Fox Potter and minimal reference to Milwaukee Journal article at https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Name/NI78938

Media related to John Fox Potter at Wikimedia Commons

U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by
Daniel Wells, Jr.		 Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Wisconsin's 1st congressional district
March 4, 1857 – March 3, 1863		 Succeeded by
James S. Brown
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