United States House of Representatives elections, 1904

United States House of Representatives elections, 1904
November 1, 1904[Note 1]
All 386 seats to the United States House of Representatives
194 seats were needed for a majority

  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader Joseph Cannon John Sharp Williams
Party Republican Democratic
Leader's seat Illinois-18th Mississippi-8th
Last election 210 seats[Note 2] 176 seats
Seats won 251[1][2] 135[1][2]
Seat change Increase 41 Decrease 41
Speaker before election

Joseph Cannon
Republican

 Elected Speaker

Joseph Cannon
Republican

Elections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1904 to elect members of the 59th Congress, and coincided with the election to a full term of President Theodore Roosevelt.

Roosevelt's popularity swept many Republican house candidates into office, cementing their majority over the opposition Democratic Party. Because Roosevelt came from a liberal wing of the Republican Party, his ideology was prevalent among freshman representatives. Progressive Republicanism mobilized a new base of support and proved to be especially popular among the Protestant middle-class workers who held jobs in business or in the front offices of industrial facilities.

Election summaries

↓
251 135
Republican Democratic
State Type Total
seats		 Republican Democratic
Seats Change Seats Change
Alabama District 9 0 Steady 9 Steady
Arkansas District 7 0 Steady 7 Steady
California District 8 8 Increase 3 0 Decrease 3
Colorado District
+at-large		 3 3 Increase 1 0 Steady
Connecticut District
+at-large		 5 5 Steady 0 Steady
Delaware At-large 1 1 Increase 1 0 Decrease 1
Florida District 3 0 Steady 3 Steady
Georgia District 11 0 Steady 11 Steady
Idaho At-large 1 1 Steady 0 Steady
Illinois District 25 24 Increase 7 1 Decrease 7
Indiana District 13 11 Increase 2 2 Decrease 2
Iowa District 11 11 Increase 1 0 Steady
Kansas District
+at-large		 8 8 Steady 0 Steady
Kentucky District 11 2 Increase 1 9 Decrease 1
Louisiana District 7 0 Steady 7 Steady
Maine[Note 3] District 4 4 Steady 0 Steady
Maryland District 6 3 Decrease 1 3 Increase 1
Massachusetts District 14 11 Increase 1 3 Decrease 1
Michigan District 12 12 Increase 1 0 Decrease 1
Minnesota District 9 9 Increase 1 0 Decrease 1
Mississippi District 8 0 Steady 8 Steady
Missouri District 16 10 Increase 9 6 Decrease 9
Montana At-large 1 1 Steady 0 Steady
Nebraska District 6 6 Increase 1 0 Decrease 1
Nevada At-large 1 0 Steady 1 Steady
New Hampshire District 2 2 Steady 0 Steady
New Jersey District 10 9 Increase 2 1 Decrease 2
New York District 37 26 Increase 6 11 Decrease 6
North Carolina District 10 1 Increase 1 9 Decrease 1
North Dakota District 2 2 Steady 0 Steady
Ohio District 21 20 Increase 3 1 Decrease 3
Oregon[Note 3] District 2 2 Steady 0 Steady
Pennsylvania District 32 31 Increase 3 1 Decrease 3
Rhode Island District 2 1 Steady 1 Steady
South Carolina District 7 0 Steady 7 Steady
South Dakota At-large 2 2 Steady 0 Steady
Tennessee District 10 2 Steady 8 Steady
Texas District 16 0 Steady 16 Steady
Utah At-large 1 1 Steady 0 Steady
Vermont[Note 3] District 2 2 Steady 0 Steady
Virginia District 10 1 Steady 9 Steady
Washington At-large 3 3 Steady 0 Steady
West Virginia District 5 5 Steady 0 Steady
Wisconsin District 11 10 Steady 1 Steady
Wyoming At-large 1 1 Steady 0 Steady
Total 386 251
65.0%		 Increase 41 135
35.0%		 Decrease 41
House seats
Republican
 
 65.03%
Democratic
 
 34.97%

The previous election of 1902 saw 3 Independent Republicans elected in the Pittsburgh area of Pennsylvania.

[[Image:59 us house membership.png|thumb|left|350px|
House seats by party holding plurality in state
  80.1-100% Democratic
  80.1-100% Republican
  60.1-80% Democratic
  60.1-80% Republican
  Up to 60% Democratic
  Up to 60% Republican
]]		 [[Image:59 us house changes.png|thumb|left|350px|
Net gain in party representation
  6+ Democratic gain
  6+ Republican gain
  3-5 Democratic gain
  3-5 Republican gain
  1-2 Democratic gain
  1-2 Republican gain
  no net change
]]

Early election dates

In 1904, three states, with 8 seats among them, held elections early:

Special elections to the 58th Congress


District Incumbent Party First
elected		 Result Candidates
California 3 Vacant, as Victor H. Metcalf (Republican) resigned July 1, 1904 to become U.S. Secretary of Commerce and Labor. New member elected November 8, 1904.
Republican gain.
Winner was also elected to the next term, see below.		 √ Joseph R. Knowland (Republican) 77.5%
Henry C. McPike (Democratic) 22.5%[3]

California

District Incumbent Party First
elected		 Result Candidates
California 1 James Gillett Republican 1902 Incumbent re-elected. √ James N. Gillett (Republican) 54.1%
Anthony Caminetti (Democratic) 39.3%
A. J. Gaylord (Socialist) 5.5%
Jarrot Laban Rollins (Prohibition) 1.1%
California 2 Theodore A. Bell Democratic 1902 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.		 √ Duncan E. McKinlay (Republican) 49.2%
Theodore A. Bell (Democratic) 46.6%
J. H. White (Socialist) 3.3%
Eli P. LaCell (Prohibition) 0.9%
California 3 Vacant, as Victor H. Metcalf (Republican) resigned July 1, 1904 to become U.S. Secretary of Commerce and Labor. New member elected.
Republican gain.
Winner was also elected to finish the current term, see above.		 √ Joseph R. Knowland (Republican) 68.6%
Henry C. McPike (Democratic) 20.1%
M. Lesser (Socialist) 10.1%
Bates Morris (Prohibition) 1.3%
California 4 Edward J. Livernash Democratic 1902 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.		 √ Julius Kahn (Republican) 56.8%
Edward J. Livernash (Democratic) 36.4%
William Costley (Socialist) 6.4%
Hubert R. Chapin (Prohibition) 0.4%
California 5 William J. Wynn Democratic 1902 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.		 √ Everis A. Hayes (Republican) 52.3%
William J. Wynn (Democratic) 39.7%
Frank R. Whitney (Socialist) 5%
Charles J. Williams (Union Labor) 2%
George B. Pratt (Prohibition) 1%
California 6 James C. Needham Republican 1898 Incumbent re-elected. √ James C. Needham (Republican) 55.1%
William M. Conley (Democratic) 38.3%
J. L. Cobb (Socialist) 4.5%
Joel H. Smith (Prohibition) 2.2%
California 7 James McLachlan Republican 1900 Incumbent re-elected. √ James McLachlan (Republican) 44.8%
Benjamin J. Cloes (P) 30.3%
W. O. Morton (Democratic) 16.2%
Frank I. Wheat (Socialist) 5.2%
John Sobieski (Prohibition) 3.6%
California 8 Milton J. Daniels Republican 1902 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.		 √ Sylvester C. Smith (Republican) 55.6%
Charles A. Barlow (Democratic) 34.5%
Noble A. Richardson (Socialist) 9.9%

Florida

District Incumbent Party First
elected		 Result Candidates
Florida 1 Stephen M. Sparkman Democratic 1894 Incumbent re-elected. √ Stephen M. Sparkman (Democratic) 75.1%
E. R. Gunby (Republican) 20.1%
Z. A. Middlebrooks (Socialist) 4.7%
Florida 2 Robert Wyche Davis Democratic 1896 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.		 √ Frank Clark (Democratic) 77.2%
John M. Cheney (Republican) 19.9%
W. B. Wood (Socialist) 2.9%
Florida 3 William B. Lamar Democratic 1902 Incumbent re-elected. √ William B. Lamar (Democratic) 100%

South Carolina

District Incumbent Party First
elected		 Result Candidates
South Carolina 1 George Swinton Legaré Democratic 1902 Incumbent re-elected. √ George Swinton Legaré (Democratic) 91.3%
J. N. Noland (Republican) 5.2%
Aaron P. Prioleau (Republican)3.5%
South Carolina 2 George W. Croft Democratic 1902 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.		 √ James O'H. Patterson (Democratic) 94.7%
Isaac Myers (Republican) 5.3%
South Carolina 3 Wyatt Aiken Democratic 1902 Incumbent re-elected. √ Wyatt Aiken (Democratic) 98.2%
John Scott (Republican) 1.8%
South Carolina 4 Joseph T. Johnson Democratic 1900 Incumbent re-elected. √ Joseph T. Johnson (Democratic) 97.5%
J. D. Adams (Republican) 2.5%
South Carolina 5 David E. Finley Democratic 1898 Incumbent re-elected. √ David E. Finley (Democratic) 98.5%
C. P. White (Republican) 1.5%
South Carolina 6 Robert B. Scarborough Democratic 1900 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.		 √ J. Edwin Ellerbe (Democratic) 95.8%
E. H. Deas (Republican) 4.2%
South Carolina 7 Asbury F. Lever Democratic 1901 (special) Incumbent re-elected. √ Asbury F. Lever (Democratic) 93.8%
C. C. Jacobs 6.0%
Others 0.2%

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Three states held earlier elections between June 6 and September 12.
  2. ↑ Included 3 Independent Republicans.
  3. 1 2 3 Elections held early.

References

  1. 1 2 "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved May 18, 2015.
  2. 1 2 Martis, pp. 158–159.
  3. ↑ https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=170033

Bibliography

  • Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
  • Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
  • Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
  • "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
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