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Societal attitudes towards same-sex relationships have varied over time and place, from expecting all males to engage in same-sex relationships, to casual integration, through acceptance, to seeing the practice as a minor sin, repressing it through law enforcement and judicial mechanisms, and to proscribing it under penalty of death. The following individuals received the death penalty for it.
Executed individuals
- John de Wettre (1292), a "maker of small knives", condemned at Ghent and burned at the pillory next to St. Peter's[1]
- Giovanni di Giovanni (1350 – 1365), 15-year-old Italian boy charged with being "a public and notorious passive sodomite"[2][3]
- Margarida Borràs (d. 1460), Spanish cross-dressing transsexual.
- Katherina Hetzeldorfer (d. 1477), German cross-dressing lesbian executed for heresy against nature after having used a dildo on two female partners.
- Jacopo Bonfadio (c1508 – 1550), Italian humanist and historian[4]
- Francesco Calcagno (1528 – 1550), Venetian Franciscan friar.[5]
- Dominique Phinot (c1510 – c1556), French composer of the Renaissance[6]
- Mervyn Tuchet, 2nd Earl of Castlehaven (1593 – 1631), tried and executed for committing sodomy with male servants and procuring the rape of his wife[7]
- John Atherton (1598 – 1640), Bishop of Waterford and Lismore[8]
- Lisbetha Olsdotter (died 1679), Swedish cross-dresser and early female soldier (disguised as a man).
- Ensign James Hepburn, 25, and Drummer Thomas White, 16, hanged in front of Newgate Prison, London, March 7, 1811, for sodomy [9]
- James Pratt and John Smith, two London men who became the last two to be hanged for sodomy in England, in November 1835
References
- ↑ Louis Crompton (1981). Salvatore J. Licata, Robert P. Petersen, ed. Historical Perspectives on Homosexuality. The Haworth Press. p. 17. ISBN 9780917724275.
- ↑ Rocke, Michael (1996). Forbidden Friendships, Homosexuality and Male Culture in Renaissance Florence. Oxford University Press. pp. 24, 227, 356, 360. ISBN 0-19-512292-5.
- ↑ Meyer, Michael J (2000). Literature and Homosexuality. Rodopi. p. 206. ISBN 90-420-0519-X.
- ↑ Official website commemorating 500 years since Bonfadio's birth Archived 2011-07-22 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Tucker, Scott (1997). The Queer Question: Essays on Desire and Democracy. Boston: South End Press.
ISBN 978-0-89608-577-0. p. 46.
- ↑ Jacob, Roger "Dominique Phinot", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (Accessed January 1, 2006), (subscription access)
- ↑ Herrup, Cynthia B. (1999). A House in Gross Disorder: Sex, Law, and the 2nd Earl of Castlehaven. Oxford University Press.
- ↑ Norris, David (2009-05-17). "Changing Attitudes". Public Address at the service to mark international day against homophobia in Christ Church Cathedral. David Norris. Archived from the original on 2009-06-06. Retrieved 2009-11-29.
- ↑ Davenport, Guy (2003), "Wos Es War, Soll Ich Werden" in The Death of Picasso, Shoemaker & Hoard, Washington, D.C., p. 334.
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