List of converts to Christianity from Islam
For safety reasons most converts will not have their names listed here, the Islamic faith forbids apostasy, and the punishment for apostates is a death sentence in some countries.[1][2]
| Total population | |
|---|---|
|
10.2 million according to 2015 study[3]
|
A
- Aslan Abashidze – this former leader of the Ajarian Autonomous Republic in western Georgia was born into a renowned Muslim Ajarian family,[17] but later he converted to Christianity.[18]
- Basuki Abdullah – Indonesian painter; converted to Roman Catholicism[19]
- Ibrahim Abdullah – American former PLO terrorist[20]
- Saeed Abedini – Iranian-American pastor imprisoned in Iran, Abedini is an American and a former Muslim who converted to Christianity in 2000[21][22][23]
- Abo of Tiflis – Christian activist and the patron saint of the city of Tbilisi, Georgia[24]
- Abraham of Bulgaria – martyr and saint of the Russian Orthodox Church[25]
- Taysir Abu Saada – this former member of the PLO founded the ministry Hope For Ishmael after he converted to Christianity;Yasir Arafat's personal driver[26][27]
- Rotimi Adebari – first Black mayor in Ireland[28]
- St. Adolphus – martyr who was put to death along with his brother, John, by Abd ar-Rahman II, the Caliph of Córdoba, for apostasy[29]
- Jabalah ibn al-Aiham – last ruler of the Ghassanid state in Syria and Jordan in the 7th century AD; after the Islamic conquest of Levant he converted to Islam in AD 638; later reverted to Christianity and lived in Anatolia until he died in AD 645[30]
- Leo Africanus – Moorish diplomat who was converted to Christianity following his capture.[31][32]
- Safdar Ali – former Maulvi (cleric) from India[33]
- Mehmet Ali Ağca – Turkish assassin who murdered left-wing journalist Abdi İpekçi on 1 February 1979; later shot and wounded Pope John Paul II on 13 May 1981; while in prison in 2007 he claimed to convert to Christianity[34]
- Magdi Allam (baptized as Magdi Cristiano Allam) – Italy's most famous Islamic affairs journalist[35]
- Saint Hodja Amiris – former Ottoman soldier stationed in Jerusalem who converted to Christianity in the 17th century and was subsequently tortured and killed for the crime of apostasy in Islam[36]
- Zachariah Anani – former Sunni Muslim Lebanese militia fighter[37]
- Juan Andrés – name chosen by a Spanish Muslim scholar who converted to Catholicism and wrote a well known polemical work against Islam, the Confusión o confutación de la secta mahomética y del Alcorán[38]
- Matthew Ashimolowo – Nigerian-born British pastor and evangelist[39]
- Avraamy Aslanbegov – Russian-Azeri vice-admiral and military writer of the Russian Empire, converted to Eastern Orthodox Christianity[40]
- Asmirandah – Indonesian actress of Dutch descent; converted to Protestantism in December 2013; owes her conversion to an experience of having dreamed three times of Jesus Christ[41][42][43][44]
- Aurelius and Natalia – martyrs who were put to death during the reign of Abd ar-Rahman II, Caliph of Córdoba for apostasy[45]
- Johannes Avetaranian – born Muhammad Shukri Efendi, Christian missionary of Turkish heritage[46]
B
- Parveen Babi – former Indian actress and an erstwhile fashion model; born in Junagadh, Gujarat to a Muslim family,[47] and later converted to Christianity during the last years of her life, and was baptised in a Protestant Anglican church at Malabar Hill[48]
- Tunde Bakare – pentecostal pastor and Nigerian politician.
- Josephine Bakhita – Roman Catholic saint from Darfur, Sudan. She was forcibly converted to Islam[49][50] On 9 January 1890 Bakhita was baptised with the names of Josephine Margaret and Fortunata.
- Sarah Balabagan – Filipina prisoner in the United Arab Emirates, 1994-96[51]
- Fathima Rifqa Bary – American teenager of Sri Lankan descent who drew international attention in 2009 when she ran away from home and claimed that her Muslim parents might kill her for having converted to Christianity[52]
- Sheikh Ahmed Barzani – head of Barzani Tribe in Iraqi Kurdistan and older brother of Mustafa Barzani, Kurdish nationalist leader; announced his conversion to Christianity in 1931 during the anti-government uprising[53]
- Bashir Shihab II – Lebanese emir who ruled Lebanon in the first half of the 19th century; converted from Sunni Islam to Maronite Catholic[54][55][56]
- Simeon Bekbulatovich – Khan of Qasim Khanate[57]
- Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassky – Russian officer of Circassian origin who led the first Russian military expedition into Central Asia[58]
- Ibrahim Ben Ali – soldier, physician, and one of the earliest American settlers of Turkish origin[59]
- Mohammed Christophe Bilek – Algerian former Muslim who lives in France since 1961; baptized Roman Catholic in 1970; in the 1990s, he founded Our Lady of Kabyle, a French website devoted to evangelisation among Muslims[60]
- Francis Bok – Sudanese-American activist, convert to Islam from Christianity; but later returned to his Christian faith[61]
- Jean-Bédel Bokassa – Central African Republic Emperor (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity)[62][63]
- Thomas Boni Yayi – Beninese banker and politician who has been President of Benin since 2006;[64] originally from a Muslim family; is now an Evangelical Protestant[65]
- Sayed Borhan Khan – Khan of Qasim Khanate from 1627 to 1679;[57] was forced to convert to Christianity by Russian forces following the Siege of Kazan[57][66]
- Broery – Indonesian singer (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity)[67][68]
C
Rev. Manigun Sayed, the first Muslim convert in Manipur (born in 1965 and converted to Christianity in 1985), from Manipur, India
- Moussa Dadis Camara – ex-officer of the Guinean army who served as the President of the Republic of Guinea; Roman Catholic Christian convert from Islam[69][70][71]
- Ergun Caner – Swedish-American academic, author, and Baptist minister[72][73]
- Rianti Cartwright – Indonesian actress, model, presenter and VJ; two weeks before departure to the United States to get married, she left Islam to become a baptized Catholic with the name Sophia Rianti Rhiannon Cartwright[74][75]
- Chamillionaire (born Hakeem Seriki) – American rapper[76][77]
- Chehab family – prominent Lebanese noble family; having converted from Sunni Islam, the religion of his predecessors, was the first Maronite ruler of the Emirate of Mount Lebanon[78]
- Djibril Cissé – French international footballer[79][80]
- Hansen Clarke – U.S. Representative for Michigan's 13th congressional district[81]
- Eldridge Cleaver – initially associated with the Nation of Islam, then Evangelical Christianity, then Mormonism[82][83]
- Constantine the African – Baghdad-educated Muslim who died in 1087 as a Christian monk at Monte Cassino[84][85]
- Constantine Hagarit[86] – born in Smyrna to a Muslim family under the Ottoman Empire during the 19th century; converted to Orthodox Christianity and was subsequently imprisoned, tortured and executed by hanging for apostasy on 2 June 1819
- Converso – substantial numbers of Iberian Muslims who converted to Catholicism in Spain or Portugal, particularly during the 14th and 15th centuries. These New Christians of Moorish Berber origin were known as Moriscos. Over 1 million of these Moriscos were converted from Islam to Christianity, many of whom were forced to convert.[87][88] Many Moriscos became devout in their new Christian faith and become sincere Christians.[89]
- Michał Czajkowski – Polish-Cossack writer and political emigre who worked both for the resurrection of Poland and the reestablishment of a Cossack Ukraine[90]
D
- Justinus Darmojuwono – first Indonesian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church; served as Archbishop of Semarang from 1963 to 1981, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1967; converted to Catholicism in 1932[91]
- Nonie Darwish – Egyptian-American writer, human rights activist, critic of Islam, founder of Arabs for Israel, Director of Former Muslims United
- Sedar Dedeoglu – Turk who claims to be a descendant of Islam's prophet Muhammad; converted to Christianity while living in Germany[92]
- Hassan Dehqani-Tafti – first ethnic Persian to become a Christian bishop of Iran since the 7th century and the Islamic conquest of Persia[93]
- Mehdi Dibaj – Iranian Christian convert from Shia Islam, pastor and Christian martyr[94][95]
- Momolu Dukuly – Liberian politician; became the second foreign minister under William V.S. Tubman[96][97]
- Daniel Bambang Dwi Byantoro – leader (and Archimandrite) of the Indonesian Orthodox Church[98][99]
E
- Bahaa el-Din Ahmed Hussein el-Akkad – Egyptian former Muslim sheikh who theological discourse with a Christian led him to conduct an intensive study of Christian Scripture, after which he converted to Christianity in January 2005[100]
- Mohammed Elewonibi – Nigerian-Canadian football player[101]
- Soraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiari – second wife and Queen Consort of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the late Shah of Iran who converted to Roman Catholicism[102]
- Estevanico – Berber originally from Morocco and one of the early explorers of the Southwestern United States[103]
F
- Joseph Fadelle (born Mohammed al-Sayyid al-Moussawi) – Roman Catholic convert from Islam and writer born in 1964 in Iraq to a Shiite family[104][105] · [106]
- Rima Fakih – Lebanese-American actress, model, professional wrestler and beauty pageant titleholder; Miss USA 2010; converted to Maronite Christianity[107]
- Donald Fareed – Iranian televangelist and minister[108]
- Hazem Farraj – Palestinian-American writer, minister, and televangelist[109]
- Mary Fillis[110]
G
- Mark A. Gabriel – Egyptian Islamic scholar and writer[111]
- Daveed Gartenstein-Ross – counter-terrorism expert and attorney (from Judaism to Islam to Christianity)[112][113]
- Kabeer Gbaja-Biamila – American football defensive end who was drafted by the Green Bay Packers and is currently a free agent
- George XI of Kartli – Georgian monarch who ruled Eastern Georgia from 1676 to 1688 and again from 1703 to 1709; an Eastern Orthodox Christian, he converted to Islam prior to his appointment as governor of Qandahar; later converted to Roman Catholicism[114]
- Fathia Ghali – Egyptian princess and youngest daughter of Fuad I of Egypt and Nazli Sabri[115][116]
- Ghias ad-din – Azeri prince of the Seljuk dynasty of Rum, converted to Eastern Orthodox Christianity
- Ruffa Gutierrez – Filipina actress, model and former beauty queen (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity)[117]
H
- Umar ibn Hafsun – leader of anti-Ummayad dynasty forces in southern Iberia; converted to Christianity with his sons and ruled over several mountain valleys for nearly forty years, having the castle Bobastro as his residence[118]
- Rajah Humabon – first Filipino Sultan convert to Roman Catholicism in the name of Carlos[119][120]
- Aben Humeya (born Fernando de Valor) – Morisco Chief who was crowned the Emir of Andalusia by his followers and led the Morisco Revolt against Philip II of Spain[121]
- Naveed Afzal Haq – Pakistani-American charged for the July 2006 Seattle Jewish Federation shooting; converted to Christianity in December 2005 but reverted to Islam by the time of the shooting[122]
I
- Ubayd-Allah ibn Jahsh – brother of Zaynab bint Jahsh, the wife of Muhammad and one of the male Sahaba (companions of Muhammad)[123]
- Tunch Ilkin – former Turkish American football player[124]
- Qadry Ismail – former American football player[125]
- Raghib Ismail – former American football player[126]
J
- Sabatina James (born 1982) – born in Dhedar, Pakistan; Austrian-Pakistani book author; started a new life in Vienna, changing her name and converting to Catholicism; baptized in 2006[127]
- Esther John – born to a Pakistani Muslim family; converted to Christianity; became a nurse to rural communities in Northern India and was later murdered[128]
- Mario Joseph – born into a Muslim family in Kerala, India, he became a notable Imam before the age of 18, but subsequently converted to Catholicism whereupon he was tortured and forced to flee to Europe[129]
- Lina Joy – Malay convert from Islam to Christianity; born Azlina Jailani in 1964 in Malaysia to Muslim parents of Javanese descent; converted at age 26; in 1998, she was baptized, and applied to have her conversion legally recognized by the Malaysian courts[130]
- Don Juan of Persia (1560–1604) – late 16th- and early 17th-century figure in Iran and Spain; also known as Faisal Nazary; was a native of Iran, who later moved westward; settled in Spain where he became a Roman Catholic[131]
K
- Alina Kabaeva – Russian gymnast[132][133][134]
- Jesse of Kakheti – Georgian prince of the Bagrationi dynasty, son of King Leon of Kakheti converted to Islam in the Service of the Safavid dynasty, but returned to Orthodox Christianity after his return to Georgia[135]
- Jesse of Kartli – Georgian prince of the Bagrationi dynasty (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity)[136]
- Alexander Kazembek – Russian Orientalist, historian and philologist of Azeri origin[137]
- Mathieu Kérékou – President of Benin (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity)[138]
- Chulpan Khamatova – Russian actress[139][140]
- Emir Kusturica – Serbian and Yugoslavian filmmaker and actor[141][142]
L
Imad ud-din Lahiz was an Islamic writer, preacher and Quranic translator, who converted to Christianity from Islam.
- Imad ud-din Lahiz – prolific Islamic writer, preacher and Qur'anic translator[143]
- Dr. Nur Luke – Uyghur Bible translator[144]
- Fernão Lopes (soldier) – 16th-century Portuguese soldier in India who converted to Roman Catholicism[145]
Sake Dean Mahomed was a traveller, surgeon and entrepreneur who converted to Christianity from Sunni Islam.
- Sake Dean Mahomed (born Sheikh Din Muhammad) – Indian traveller, surgeon and entrepreneur who introduced the Indian take-away curry house restaurant in Britain; first Indian to have written a book in the English language;[146][147] converted to marry Jane Daly, an Irish Protestant, as it was illegal for a non-Protestant to marry a Protestant[148]
- Enrique de Malaca – Malay slave of Ferdinand Magellan, converted to Roman Catholicism after being purchased in 1511[149][150]
- Pinkan Mambo (born Pinkan Ratnasari Mambo) – Indonesian singer; converted in 2010; decision taken after admitting she studied various religions of the world and eventually dropped in awe of Jesus Christ[151][152][153]
- Fadhma Aït Mansour – mother of French writers Jean Amrouche and Taos Amrouche[154]
- Roy Marten (born Wicasksono Abdul Salam) – Indonesian actor whose family was converted to Roman Catholicism during his childhood but who converted later to Indonesian Orthodoxy in 1997[155][156][157]
- Abdul Masih – Indian indigenous missionary; ordained Anglican and Lutheran minister;[158][159] often referred to as the most influential indigenous Christian to shape nineteenth-century Christian missions in India; religious author
- Josef Mässrur (born Ghäsim Khan) – missionary to Chinese Turkestan with the Mission Union of Sweden[160]
- Carlos Menem – former President of Argentina; raised a Nusayri but converted to Roman Catholicism, a constitutional requirement for accessing the presidency until 1994[161]
- Ahmed ibn Merwan – Seljek Turk lieutenant during the First Crusade. He converted to Christianity sometime after surrendering Antioch to the Crusaders.
- Mizse – last Palatine of King Ladislaus IV of Hungary in 1290; born into a Muslim family in Tolna County in the Kingdom of Hungary; converted to Roman Catholicism[162]
- St. George El Mozahem – Coptic saint[163][164][165]
- Archbishop Thomas Luke Msusa – born into a Muslim family; converted to Christianity as a child and later became an Archbishop in his home country of Malawi, as well as converting and baptizing his father, a former imam[166]
- Muhsin Muhammad – current American football player for the Carolina Panthers, raised in a Muslim household, later converted to Christianity[167]
- Paul Mulla – Turkish scholar and professor of Islamic Studies at the Pontifical Oriental Institute[168]
N
- Youcef Nadarkhani – Iranian Christian pastor who has been sentenced to death for apostasy[169]
- Diana Nasution – Indonesian singer, converted to Protestantism after marriage[170][171]
- Aurelius and Natalia (died 852) – Christian martyrs who were put to death during the reign of Abd ar-Rahman II, Emir of Córdoba, and are counted among the Martyrs of Córdoba; Aurelius was the son of a Muslim father and a Christian mother. He was also secretly a follower of Christianity, as was his wife Natalia, who was also the child of a Muslim father.[172]
- Marina Nemat – Canadian author of Iranian descent and former political prisoner of the Iranian government; born into a Christian family, she converted to Islam in order to avoid execution but later reverted to Christianity[173]
- Ibrahim Njoya – Bamum king; back and forth conversions from Islam to Christianity[174]
- Nunilo and Alodia – 9th-century sisters recognized as Catholic saints and martyrs in Moorish Spain, executed for apostasy for converting to Christianity
- Rashid Nurgaliyev – Russian politician and general convert to Russian Orthodoxy[175][176]
O
- Malika Oufkir – Moroccan writer and daughter of General Mohamed Oufkir; she and her siblings are converts from Islam to Catholici; and she writes in her book, Stolen Lives, "we had rejected Islam, which had brought us nothing good, and opted for Catholicism instead"[177]
P
- Shams Pahlavi – Iranian princess and the elder sister of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran[178]
- Hamid Pourmand – former Iranian army colonel and lay leader of the Jama'at-e Rabbani, the Iranian branch of the Assemblies of God church in Iran[179]
- Agni Pratistha – Indonesian actress, model and former beauty queen (elected Puteri Indonesia 2006), converted to Catholicism after marriage, although initially denied rumors of conversion[180][181][182]
Q
- Nabeel Qureshi – former Ahmadiyya Muslim; converted to Evangelical Christianity in 2005; has since become an internationally recognized apologist with Ravi Zacharias International Ministries[183][184]
R
- Daud Rahbar – Pakistani scholar of Comparative religions, composer, short story writer, translator, philosopher, contributor to inter-civilization dialogue, musicologist, drummer, singer and guitarist[185][186]
- Abdul Rahman – Afghan convert to Christianity who escaped the death penalty because of foreign pressure[187]
- Brother Rachid – Moroccan Christian convert from Islam; hosts a weekly live call-in show on AL-Hayat channel
- Majeed Rashid Mohammed – Kurdish Christian convert from Islam; established a network with former Kurdish Muslims with about 2,000 members today[188]
- Stefan Razvan – Gypsy prince who ruled Moldavia for six months in 1595[189]
- Dewi Rezer – Indonesian model of French descent; converted to Roman Catholicism[190][191]
- Emily Ruete (born Sayyida Salme) – Princess of Zanzibar and Oman[192][193]
S
Albertus Soegijapranata, a national hero of Indonesia, was the first native Indonesian Roman Catholic bishop in Indonesia.
- Nazli Sabri – Queen consort of Egypt;[194][195] converted to Catholicism in 1950 and took the name "Mary Elizabeth"
- Kyai Sadrach – Indonesian missionary[196][197]
- Begum Samru – powerful lady of north India, ruling a large area from Sardhana, Uttar Pradesh[198]
- Lukman Sardi – Indonesian actor; converted to Christianity after marriage[199][200][201]
- Mohamed Alí Seineldín – former Argentine army colonel who participated in two failed coup attempts against the democratically elected governments of both President Raúl Alfonsín and President Carlos Menem in 1988 and 1990[202]
- Saint Serapion of Kozheozersky – former Muslim of Tartar ancestry who converted to Christianity and founded the Kozheozersky Monastery in northern Russia[203]
- The Sibirsky family – foremost of many Genghisid (Shaybanid) noble families formerly living in Russia[204][205]
- Bilquis Sheikh – Pakistani author and Christian missionary[206]
- Bashir Shihab II – Lebanese emir (prince) who ruled Lebanon in the first half of the 19th century; his family was Sunni Muslim; some of them converted to Christianity at the end of the 18th century[207]
- The Shihab family – prominent Lebanese noble family who originally belonged to Sunni Islam and converted to Christianity at the end of the 18th century[208]
- Walid Shoebat – American author and former member of the PLO[209]
- Nasir Siddiki – Canadian evangelist, author, and business consultant[210]
- Amir Sjarifuddin – Indonesian socialist leader who later became the prime minister of Indonesia during its National Revolution[211]
- Skanderbeg – Albanian military leader; was forcibly converted to Islam from Christianity, but reverted to Christianity later in life[212] F
- James Scurry – British soldier and statesman[213]
- Rudolf Carl von Slatin – Anglo-Austrian soldier and administrator in the Sudan[214]
- Albertus Soegijapranata – born in Surakarta, Dutch East Indies, to a Muslim courtier and his wife who later converted to Catholicism; the first native Indonesian bishop; known for his pro-nationalistic stance, often expressed as "100% Catholic, 100% Indonesian"[215]
- Patrick Sookhdeo – British Anglican canon[216]
- Maria Aurora von Spiegel (born Fatima) – Turkish mistress of Augustus II the Strong and the wife of a Polish noble[217]
T
- Hakan Taştan and Turan Topal – two Turkish Christian converts who went on trial in 2006, on charges of "allegedly insulting 'Turkishness' and inciting religious hatred against Islam"[218]
- Hary Tanoesoedibjo – Indonesian politician and businessman[219][220]
- Maria Temryukovna – Circassian princess, and second wife to Ivan IV of Russia; born in a Muslim upbringing; baptised into the Russian Orthodox Church on 21 August 1561[221]
- Tabaraji of Ternate – Indonesian sultan; converted to Roman Catholicism after 1534 and baptised with the name Dom Manuel[222][223]
- Casilda of Toledo – daughter of a Muslim king of Toledo (called Almacrin or Almamun); became ill as a young woman and traveled to northern Iberia to partake of the healing waters of the shrine of San Vicente; when she was cured, she was baptized at Burgos; venerated as a saint of the Catholic Church[224]
- Aman Tuleyev – Russian governor of Kemerovo Oblast[225]
U
- Ubayd-Allah ibn Jahsh (Arabic: عبيد الله بن جحش) – brother of Zaynab bint Jahsh, brother in law and first cousin of Muhammad and one of the male Sahaba (companions of the Prophet);[123] he has been cited as one of the four monotheistic hanifs by Ibn Ishaq who converted to Christianity after his migration to Abyssinia[226]
- Udo Ulfkotte – German journalist who was born a Christian, became an atheist, then converted to Islam and finally converted back to Christianity[227][228]
- Utameshgaray of Kazan – Khan of Kazan Khanate;[57] was forced to convert to Christianity following the Siege of Kazan[57]
- Lyasan Utiasheva – Russian gymnast, convert to Eastern Orthodox Christianity[229][230][231]
V
- Julia Volkova – Russian singer and actress best known as a member of the Russian pop duo, t.A.T.u.[232][233][234]
W
- George Weah – Liberian soccer player (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity)[235]
- Sigi Wimala – Indonesian model and actress, converted to Catholicism after marriage[236][237][238]
- Ibrahim Tunggul Wulung – Indonesian evangelist and missionary[239][240]
- Wu'erkaixi – Uyghur dissident known for his leading role during the Tiananmen protests of 1989[241]
X
- Muley Xeque (Arabic: مولاي الشيخ Mawlay al-Shaykh) – Moroccan prince, born in Marrakech in 1566; exiled in Spain, he converted to Roman Catholicism in Madrid and was known as Philip of Africa or Philip of Austria[242]
Y
- Yadegar Moxammat of Kazan – last khan of Kazan Khanate[57]
- Mosab Hassan Yousef – son of a Hamas leader[243]
- Ramzi Yousef – Al Qaeda member; the main participant in the 1993 World Trade Center bombing and The Bojinka plot[244][245]
- Nania Kurniawati Yusuf – Indonesian singer, finalist of the first season of Indonesian Idol, 2004[246][247]
Z
- Zaida of Seville – born an Iberian Muslim; was forced to convert to Christianity;[248] when Seville fell to the Almoravids, she fled to the protection of Alfonso VI of Castile, becoming his mistress, converting to Christianity and taking the baptismal name of Isabel[249]
- Zayd Abu Zayd – the last Almohad governor of Valencia, Spain; remained a loyal ally of James I; in 1236 he converted to Roman Catholicism, adopting the name of Vicente Bellvis, a fact which he kept secret until the fall of Valencia[250]
- Saye Zerbo – President of the Republic of Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso)[251]
References
- ↑ Quran 4:89, 9:11-12
- ↑ Hadith verses 2:217, 9:73-74, 88:21, 5:54, 9:66
- ↑ Johnstone, Patrick; Miller, Duane Alexander (2015). "Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census". Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion. 11: 8. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
- ↑ USSD Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (2009). "International Religious Freedom Report 2009". Retrieved 2010-03-06.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Johnstone, Patrick; Miller, Duane Alexander (2015). "Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census". IJRR. 11 (10): 1–19. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
- ↑ "5,000 Azerbaijanis adopted Christianity" (in Russian). Day.az. 7 July 2007. Retrieved 30 January 2012.
- ↑ "Christian Missionaries Becoming Active in Azerbaijan" (in Azerbaijani). Tehran Radio. 19 June 2011. Retrieved 12 August 2012.
- ↑ Algeria: Situation of Christians, including the treatment of Christians by society and by the authorities
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Muslims Turn to Christ – ChristianAction
- ↑ Gary Lane. "House Churches Growing in Iran". Cbn.com. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
- ↑ TURKEY: Protestant church closed down
- ↑ Turkish Protestants still face 'long path' to religious freedom
- ↑ khadijabibi (30 October 2009). "35,000 Muslims convert into Christianity each year in Turkey". Chowk.com. Archived from the original on 24 September 2012. Retrieved 19 November 2010.
- ↑ Christians in Kosovo Conversion rate
- ↑ Jeni Mitchell. "FREEradicals – Targeting Christians in Central Asia". Icsr.info. Archived from the original on 24 February 2012. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
- ↑ "Despite Government Set-backs, Christianity Is Alive in Central Asia". Opendoorsusa.org. 30 November 2011. Archived from the original on 10 January 2012. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
- ↑ [The Post-Soviet Wars: Rebellion, Ethnic Conflict, and Nationhood in the Caucasus] p.204
- ↑ George Sanikidze and Edward W. Walker (2004), Islam and Islamic Practices in Georgia. Berkeley Program in Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies., p. 12, University of California, Berkeley Institute of Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies.
- ↑ http://www.tokohindonesia.com/biografi/article/285-ensiklopedi/877-melukis-300-potret-diri Biografi Basuki Abdullah
- ↑ Grace Bride (2010-05-25), Former Terrorist Ibrahim Abdullah Met with Jesus(1), retrieved 2018-06-04
- ↑ "Wife of American pastor jailed in Iran: Tehran has no intention of freeing him despite report". Associated Press. 21 January 2013.
- ↑ Perry Chiaramonte (14 January 2013). "American pastor imprisoned in Iran to go on trial next week". Fox News.
- ↑ "US Christian faces death in Iran trial: family". Agence France-Presse. 17 January 2013.
- ↑ Collected Papers in Greek And Georgian Textual Criticism, pg. 174.; "January 8th Saints"
- ↑ Michael Walsh, A New Dictionary of Saints: East and West, Liturgical Press, 2007, ISBN 0-8146-3186-X, Google Print, p. 3.
- ↑ http://www.rnw.nl/arabic/article/467965
- ↑ http://www.hdhod.com/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%82-%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%81%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D8%B9%D8%B7%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B6-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF_a34209.html
- ↑ Grammy awards (25 August 2007). ""All hail The chieftain", Independent News". Independent.ie. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
- ↑ Holweck, F. G. (1924). A Biographical Dictionary of the Saints. St. Louis: B. Herder Book Co. p. 84.
- ↑ [The New Encyclopedia of Islam] p.154
- ↑ Masonen 2001.
- ↑ Kevin Shillington, History of Africa,
Leo Africanus (following his capture by Christians and forced conversion to Christianity
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=qxcFAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA125&dq=%22safdar+ali%22+church+missionary+intelligencer&hl=en&ei=271tTce5F4rHgAeHhtjzAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false THE CHURCH MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCER
- ↑ "'Messiah' Mehmet Ali Agca hopes to cash in on Pope attack". The Times. 29 February 2012.
- ↑ Pope baptizes one of Italy's most prominent Muslims at Easter vigil service Archived 5 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ http://www.piousfabrications.com/2008_09_01_archive.html
- ↑ "CBC Radio – The Current – Whole Show Blow-by-Blow". Archived from the original on 30 November 2009.
- ↑ Juan Andrés, Confusión o confutación de la secta mahomética y del Alcorán, edited by Elisa Ruiz García (Salamanca, 2003).
- ↑ "Matthew Ashimolowo Net Worth". Telegraph. Retrieved 2007-08-04.
at age 22 converted to Christianity from Islam
- ↑ Shamistan Nazarli. Karabakh Battles of the 1920s. Azerbaijan National Library. Baku, 2009; p. 125
- ↑ http://www.slidegossip.com/2013/12/asmirandah-pindah-agama-atau-keyakinan-demi-bisa-menikah-lagi-dengan-jonas-rivanno.html Asmirandah come to the church once a week.
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October 20, 1976: Bokassa announces his conversion to Islam ... December 4, 1976: ... Bokassa renounces Islam
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The ace up Gadhaffi's sleeve was his oil money. ... Bokassa, of course, was rewarded more than all the others, collecting a cheque for one million U.S. dollars.
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We know that many of the Moriscos were well acculturated to Christian ways, and that many had even become sincere Roman Catholics.
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|archivedate=(help) - ↑ Религия в жизни спортсмена: вера или суеверие? Телепрограмма "Православная энциклопедия", прямой эфир на канале ТВЦ 22.01.05 Archived 2 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
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- ↑ Heirs of the Prophets: An account of the clergy and Priests of Islam, Samuel Marinus Zwemer, Moody press, 1946, p. 127 – "There are some examples which could easily be multiplied. Dr. Imad-ud-Din was a leading Sufi and theologian in the Punjaub. He was appointed to preach against Dr. Pfander in the royal mosque at Agra; he read the Scriptures, believed and was baptised, and with another great theologian and Sufi, Safdar Ali, became a missionary to his people. Afterwards he received a doctorate from Oxford University. His baptism took place New Year's Day, 1868, together with his aged father and brother. Other distinguished converts in the Punjab, such as Imam Shah, were also from the clergy."
- ↑ Cryer, Neville Barker (1979). Bibles Across the World. United States of America: Mowbrays. p. 94. ISBN 0264664175.
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- ↑ Jarrett-Kerr, Martin (1972). Patterns of Christian Acceptance. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. p. 196.
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He was absolved by the Pope for his conversion, which he reversed
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- ↑ http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/arch_0044-8613_1979_num_17_1_1463 Karangjoso revisité: aux origines du christianisme à Java central
- ↑ Aikman, David (2003). Jesus in Beijing: How Christianity is Transforming China and Changing the Global Balance of Power. Regnery Publishing. p. 11.
- ↑ The Baker Who Pretended to Be King of Portugal, p.214: " Muley Xeque was baptized in an elaborate ceremony in El Escorial".
- ↑ Catherine Elsworth & Carolynne Wheeler (24 August 2008). "Mosab Hassan Yousef, son of Hamas leader, becomes a Christian". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 2010-03-04.
- ↑ Catholic Online (10 December 2007). "Did Ramzi Yousef Really Convert to Christianity?". Catholic Online. Archived from the original on 7 February 2008. Retrieved 19 March 2008.
- ↑ 60 minutes (10 December 2007). "Supermax: A Clean Version Of Hell". 60 minutes. Retrieved 2008-03-19.
- ↑ http://ebahana.com/warta/1714-nania-kurniawati-yusuf "Sudah satu tahun terakhir saya mengakui bahwa Yesus adalah Tuhan dan juruselamat,"
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 2014-07-11. Nania yang kini telah memeluk agama Kristen, datang ke Manado untuk ikut serta dalam ibadah raya Kebaktian Kebangunan Rohani
- ↑ How England’s royals descend from Andalus
- ↑ Canal Sánchez-Pagín; Montaner Frutos; Palencia; Salazar y Acha
- ↑ Burns, Robert E. Prince and Almohad conversation Mudejar: New documentation about Abu Zayd. Sharq al-Andalus: Arabs Studies, 4 (Alicante: University, 1987), p. 109-122
- ↑ Saye Zerbo, président of the republic from 1980 to 1982 (article in French) "At once stopped, Saye Zerbo is thrown in prison. Since his imprisonment, the deposed president contemplates and reads the Qu'ran through whole nights. He also asks so that the Bible be brought to him that the archbishop of Ouagadougou, the cardinal Paul Zoungrana, had offered to him at the time of first Christmas following his takeover. At this point in time it will have the revelation which will change its life. In a mystical dash, Saye Zerbo is brought to his knees, returns thanks to God and converts to Christianity. His entire family will do the same thing thereafter."
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