List of Presidents of Italy

Below is a list of the Presidents of the Italian Republic with the title Presidente della Repubblica since 1948. The Quirinal Palace (known in Italian as the Quirinale) in Rome is the official residence of the President of the Italian Republic. The 12 Presidents came from only six of the 20 Regions: three each from Campania (all born in Naples) and Piedmont, two each from Sardinia (both born in Sassari) and Tuscany and one each from Liguria and Sicily.

Election

The President of the Republic is elected by Parliament in a joint session of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. In addition, the 20 regions of Italy appoint 58 representatives as special electors. Three representatives come from each region, save for the small Aosta Valley which appoints one, so as to guarantee representation for all localities and minorities.

According to the Constitution, the election must be held in the form of secret ballot, with the 315 senators, the 630 deputies and the 58 regional representatives all voting. A two-thirds vote is required to elect on any of the first three rounds of balloting and after that a majority suffices. The election is presided over by the Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies, who calls for the public counting of the votes. The vote is held in the Palazzo Montecitorio, home of the Chamber of Deputies, which is expanded and re-configured for the event.

The President assumes office after having taken an oath before Parliament and delivering a presidential address. Presidents are elected to serve a seven-year term. Giorgio Napolitano is the only President to be elected to a second term.

Presidents of the Italian Republic (1946–present)

PLI DC PSDI PSI DS Independent
Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office		Tenure (Years and days)	Political Party at time of election	Election	Prime Ministers
	Enrico De Nicola (1877–1959)	28 June 1946	1 January 1948	1 year, 319 days	Italian Liberal Party	Provisional	De Gasperi
	Enrico De Nicola (1877–1959)	1 January 1948	12 May 1948	1 year, 319 days	Italian Liberal Party	1946	De Gasperi
	Luigi Einaudi (1874–1961)	12 May 1948	11 May 1955	6 years, 364 days	Italian Liberal Party	1948	De Gasperi Pella Fanfani Scelba
	Giovanni Gronchi (1887–1978)	11 May 1955	11 May 1962	7 years, 0 days	Christian Democracy	1955	Scelba Segni Zoli Fanfani Segni Tambroni
	Antonio Segni (1891–1972)	11 May 1962	6 December 1964	2 years, 209 days	Christian Democracy	1962	Fanfani Leone Moro
	Giuseppe Saragat (1898–1988)	29 December 1964	29 December 1971	7 years, 0 days	Italian Democratic Socialist Party	1964	Moro Leone Rumor Colombo
	Giovanni Leone (1908–2001)	29 December 1971	15 June 1978	6 years, 168 days	Christian Democracy	1971	Colombo Andreotti Rumor Moro Andreotti
	Sandro Pertini (1896–1990)	9 July 1978	29 June 1985	6 years, 361 days	Italian Socialist Party	1978	Andreotti Cossiga Forlani Spadolini Fanfani Craxi
	Francesco Cossiga (1928–2010)	3 July 1985	28 April 1992	6 years, 300 days	Christian Democracy	1985	Craxi Fanfani Goria De Mita Andreotti
	Oscar Luigi Scalfaro (1918–2012)	28 May 1992	15 May 1999	6 years, 352 days	Christian Democracy	1992	Amato Ciampi Berlusconi Dini Prodi D'Alema
	Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (1920–2016)	18 May 1999	15 May 2006	6 years, 362 days	Independent^[1]	1999	D'Alema Amato Berlusconi
	Giorgio Napolitano (1925– )	15 May 2006	14 January 2015	8 years, 244 days	Democrats of the Left/ Independent	2006	Prodi Berlusconi Monti Letta Renzi
	Giorgio Napolitano (1925– )	15 May 2006	14 January 2015	8 years, 244 days	Democrats of the Left/ Independent	2013	Prodi Berlusconi Monti Letta Renzi
	Sergio Mattarella (1941– )	3 February 2015	Incumbent	3 years, 255 days	Independent^[2]	2015	Renzi Gentiloni Conte

Substitution of the head of state

On various occasions, officials had to intercede in the absence of a head of state (notably in the case of a President's resignation or ill health). Only Enrico De Nicola, who was elected to be provisional head of state by the Constitutional Assembly on 28 June 1946, had an official title and took residence in the Quirinal Palace. The others took the powers, but not the title of Head of State. After the adoption of the Italian Constitution in 1948, the President of the Senate is eligible to take the powers of head of state in case of absence of the President of the Republic. The following persons served as substitute head of state:

Alcide De Gasperi (1881–1954) exercised the powers of provisional head of state as Prime Minister of Italy between the departure of King Umberto II on 12 June 1946 and the proclamation of Enrico De Nicola as head of state by the Constitutional Assembly on 28 June 1946.
Enrico De Nicola (1877–1959) was the only man who had the title and not only the powers of provisional head of state. He assumed the office on 28 June 1946 and officially became the President of the Republic on 1 January 1948 as ordered by the new Constitution.
Cesare Merzagora (1898–1991), as President of the Senate, assumed temporary powers for President Segni after his cerebral ictus of 10 August 1964 and assumed full powers after his resignation of 6 December and until 29 December 1964.
Amintore Fanfani (1908–1999), as President of the Senate, assumed powers from President Leone after his resignation for a bribery scandal on 15 June 1978. He exercised the powers until 9 July 1978.
Francesco Cossiga (1928–2010), as President of the Senate, assumed powers from President Pertini on 29 June 1985, just four days before taking office as President.
Giovanni Spadolini (1925–1994), as President of the Senate, assumed powers from President Cossiga on 28 April 1992. He exercised the powers until 28 May 1992.
Nicola Mancino (born 1931), as President of the Senate, assumed powers from President Scalfaro on 15 May 1999. He exercised the powers until 18 May 1999.
Pietro Grasso (born 1945), as President of the Senate, assumed powers from President Napolitano on 14 January 2015. He exercised the powers until 3 February 2015.

Timeline

Living former Presidents of Italy

There is one living former Italian President:

Giorgio Napolitano
(age 93)
2006–2015

References

↑ He had been a member of the Action Party, but the party ended its existence in 1947.
↑ He had been a member of the Christian Democracy, of the Italian People's Party, of the Daisy and of the Democratic Party, but he quit political commitment when becoming a judge in 2009.

External links

(in Italian) Presidenza della Repubblica – official site of the President of Italian Republic

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[1] He had been a member of the Action Party, but the party ended its existence in 1947.

[2] He had been a member of the Christian Democracy, of the Italian People's Party, of the Daisy and of the Democratic Party, but he quit political commitment when becoming a judge in 2009.