New Italian Socialist Party

New Italian Socialist Party
Nuovo Partito Socialista Italiano
Nuovo PSI
President Stefano Caldoro
Secretary Vacant
Founded 20 January 2001 (20 January 2001)
Merger of Socialist League
Socialist Party
Headquarters Via di Torre Argentina, 47 00186 Rome
Newspaper È ora
Membership (2015) 6,500 [1]
Ideology Social democracy[2]
Political position Centre
National affiliation House of Freedoms
(2001–2008)
The People of Freedom
(2008–2013)
Forza Italia
(2013–2015)
European affiliation None
International affiliation None
European Parliament group No MEPs
Colors      Red
Chamber of Deputies
1 / 630
(Into Forza Italia)
Senate
0 / 315
European Parliament
0 / 73
Website
nuovopsi.net

The New Italian Socialist Party (Italian: Nuovo Partito Socialista Italiano, whose official name is Nuovo PSI, NPSI),[3] is a small political party in Italy which professes a social democratic ideology and claims to be the successor to the historical Italian Socialist Party, which was disbanded after the judiciary tempest of the early 1990s (see Mani pulite).

The party, which was long aligned with the centre-right Forza Italia/The People of Freedom or PdL/Forza Italia party, was founded in 2001 as Socialist Party – New PSI (Italian: Partito Socialista – Nuovo PSI), but after the split of the Socialist Party in 2007 assumed the current name. Most of the party's members are former followers of Bettino Craxi, who was convicted for corruption and whom New Socialists often portray as a victim of political persecution. The party has been an ally of the centre-right House of Freedoms coalition for most of its history as the centre-left has been dominated by former Communists, the main opponents of the Socialists (most of whom had earlier joined Forza Italia).

The main leader of the party was Gianni De Michelis, who left the party in 2007 and was replaced by Stefano Caldoro. In 2007, several members also left to join the centre-left Socialist Party while what remained of the NPSI was merged into the centre-right PdL. From 2010 to 2015, party leader Caldoro served as President of Campania for the PdL.

History

The party was founded in 2001 by the merger of the Socialist Party of Gianni De Michelis; the Socialist League of Claudio Martelli and Bobo Craxi, who had been founding members of the Italian Democratic Socialists (other splinters of that party) in 1998 along with Mauro Del Bue; and former members of the Italian Democratic Socialist Party.

2001 general election

At its founding congress, the NPSI decided to enter the centre-right House of Freedoms (CdL) coalition led by Silvio Berlusconi (a former friend of Bettino Craxi) as the centre-left was considered too compromised with the Mani pulite investigation, upon which the old Italian Socialist Party was disbanded while the ex Communists were not touched.

The centre-right won the 2001 general election and Berlusconi appointed NPSI's Stefano Caldoro as Deputy Minister for Education in his government. In the election, the NPSI gained just 1.0% of the vote and had three deputies (Craxi, Vincenzo Milioto and Chiara Moroni) and one senator (Franco Crinò) elected in single-seat constituencies. Secretary De Michelis and spokesperson Martelli were not elected since the party failed to pass the 4% threshold.

2004 European Parliament election

At the 2004 European Parliament election, the NPSI formed an alliance with small social democratic movements and parties such as Socialist Unity, founded and headed by Claudio Signorile. The list, named United Socialists for Europe, gained 2.0% of the vote and two MEPs, De Michelis and Alessandro Battilocchio. In Calabria, the list gained 7.0%, the highest result ever for the party. The party was denied membership of the Group of the Party of European Socialists and the two NPSI MEPs sat as Non-Inscrits. They eventually joined the Party of European Socialists in October 2007 as members of the newly formed Socialist Party (PS).

At the 2005 regional elections, the NPSI ran its lists as part of the CdL. In Calabria, the party's stronghold, it received 5.4%. However, the CdL lost 12 regions out of 14, forcing Berlusconi to reshuffle cabinet. In the new government, Caldoro was promoted minister.

De Michelis vs. Craxi

In October 2005, a national congress was held in Rome in order to deliberate the political line to be held by the party, particularly about electoral coalitions. During the congress, which was characterised by a heated atmosphere and several controversies, Craxi, who supported a "unity towards left" within The Union and an immediate retirement from Berlusconi's government, challenged De Michelis, who instead asked the congress to delay the decision.

De Michelis received support from Caldoro, Maroni and Battilocchio whereas Craxi was supported by Milioto, Crinò and Saverio Zavettieri, the powerful Calabrian leader of the party. At some point, De Michelis unrecognised the congress, declaring it had never been officially opened and abandoned it with all of his supporters. The remaining delegates thus elected Craxi secretary. Later, the Tribunal of Rome nullified the congress's outcome.

2006 general election

Craxi's faction abandoned the party immediately after the sentence, was re-organised into The Italian Socialists and joined The Union. After winning the legal dispute for the symbol and the leadership of the NPSI, De Michelis led the party into an alliance with Gianfranco Rotondi's Christian Democracy for the Autonomies (DCA) at the 2006 general election.

The DCA-NPSI list gained a mere 0.7% of the vote for the Chamber of Deputies and 0.6% for the Senate. It still had six deputies elected because as the list that received more votes under the 2% threshold in its alliance, the CdL. Of these, two were of the NPSI, namely Lucio Barani and Del Bue. Two more candidates were elected as candidates of Forza Italia (Moroni and Giovanni Ricevuto), but they abandoned the party in May, fearing that it was heading out of the centre-right coalition. Nonetheless, the NPSI and its two MPs formed a joint parliamentary group with the DCA comprising six MPs in total, which made it a minimal force in Parliament.

Caldoro vs. De Michelis

In June 2007, the NPSI split among those who wanted to participate to the foundation of a joint Socialist Party along with the Italian Democratic Socialists of Enrico Boselli, The Italian Socialists of Bobo Craxi and the Association for the Rose in the Fist of Lanfranco Turci and those who wanted to maintain the allegiance to the House of Freedoms coalition. The first group was led by De Michelis, the latter by Caldoro.

From some time, the NPSI had actually two leaderships, which were elected in two separate congresses. On 24 June, Stefano Caldoro was elected secretary of the right-wing faction of the party[4] while on 7–8 July Del Bue was elected secretary and De Michelis president by those NPSI members who wanted to take part to the foundation of the Socialist Party,[5] whose first meeting took place on 14 July.[6][7] In practical terms, there were two parties with the same name.[8] After the split, both groups had a member in the Chamber of Deputies, namely Mauro Del Bue for the NPSI–De Michelis and Barani for the NPSI–Caldoro.

After a consensual separation, the group of De Michelis changed name into Socialist Party (coherently with name of the future party).[9] Subsequently in October, the two MEPs elected with the NPSI in 2004, De Michelis and Battilocchio, joined the Socialist Group in the European Parliament.[10][11] Since that moment, the only NPSI was that led by Caldoro, who announced that its party was interested in joining The People of Freedom (PdL) along with Forza Italia and National Alliance.

The PS–De Michelis participated in the Socialist Party list in the 2008 general election along with the aforementioned social democratic organisations and took part to the founding congress of the Socialist Party (renamed Italian Socialist Party, PSI) in July 2008.[12]

Centre-right to dual membership

At the 2008 general election, the NPSI got two deputies re-elected in the lists of the PdL, namely Caldoro and Barani. In March 2009, the party was merged into the PdL, but it has retained some of its autonomy. In the 2010 Campania regional election, Caldoro was elected President by a landslide. Following his election, Caldoro was replaced as secretary by Barani. Caldoro was then elected president of the party.[13]

In 2013, the NPSI joined Forza Italia (FI), the new party born from the PdL's ashes.

In 2015, Barani stepped down from secretary after having joined the Liberal Popular Alliance, formed by FI dissidents who wanted to explicitly support Matteo Renzi's centre-left government.[14][15] Following Barani's move, the party appointed Antonio Fasolino as coordinator, chose to cut its official ties with FI and launched the so-called "dual membership". Under this system, any NPSI member can contextually join another party, such as FI or the PS. Caldoro remained with FI.[16][17][18]

In the 2018 general election, Battilocchio was elected to the Chamber from the single-seat constituency of Civitavecchia with the support of the centre-right coalition.[19] After his election, Battilocchio, who was also a member of FI, joined FI's parliamentary group.

Electoral results

Italian Parliament

Chamber of Deputies
Election year No. of
overall votes		 % of
overall vote		 No. of
overall seats won		 +/– Leader
2001 353,269 (13th) 0.93
3 / 630
–
 Gianni De Michelis
2006 285,474 (13th) 0.74
4 / 630
Increase 1
 Gianni De Michelis
2008 with PdL –
2 / 630
Decrease 2
 Stefano Caldoro
2013 with PdL –
0 / 630
Decrease 2
 Stefano Caldoro
2018 –[lower-alpha 1] –
1 / 630
Increase 1
 –
  1. ↑ Alessandro Battilocchio was an individual candidate of Forza Italia within the centre-right coalition and was elected from the single-seat constituency of Civitavecchia.
Senate of the Republic
Election year No. of
overall votes		 % of
overall vote		 No. of
overall seats won		 +/– Leader
2001 with CdL –
1 / 315
–
 Gianni De Michelis
2006 190,724 (15th) 0.55
0 / 315
Decrease 1
 Gianni De Michelis
2008 with PdL –
0 / 315
–
 Stefano Caldoro
2013 with PdL –
1 / 315
Increase 1
 Stefano Caldoro
2018 – –
0 / 315
Decrease 1
 –

European Parliament

Election year No. of
overall votes		 % of
overall vote		 No. of
overall seats won		 +/– Leader
2004[lower-alpha 1] 664,463 (11th) 2.04
2 / 72
–
 Gianni De Michelis
  1. ↑ Into United Socialists for Europe, including also Socialist Unity.

Leadership

  • President: Bobo Craxi (2001–2002), Vincenzo Milioto (2002–2005), Stefano Caldoro (2011–present)
  • Secretary: Gianni De Michelis (2001–2007), Stefano Caldoro (2007–2011), Lucio Barani (2011–2015)
    • Deputy Secretary: Bobo Craxi (2002–2005), Mauro Del Bue (2003–2006), Chiara Moroni (2005–2006), Alessandro Battilocchio (2006–2007), Francesco Pizzo (2006–2007), Franco Spedale (2007–2010), Franco Caruso (2007–2011), Adolfo Collice (2007–2011), Francesco Pizzo (2010–2015), Laura Schianchi (2011–2015)
    • Coordinator: Stefano Caldoro (2006–2007), Antonino Di Trapani (2007–2015), Guido Marone (2015–present), Alessandro Battilocchio (2015–present), Antonio Fasolino (2015–present)
    • Spokesman: Claudio Martelli (2001–2002), Bobo Craxi (2002–2005), Chiara Moroni (2005–2006), Mauro Del Bue (2006–2007)
  • President of the National Council: Francesco Pizzo (2005–2007), Roberto Scheda (2007–2017), Stefano Caldoro (2017–present)
  • Treasurer: Lucio Barani (2007–2011), Massimo Lo Faro (2011–present)

Symbols

References

  1. ↑ Il Manifesto. 30.12.2015
  2. ↑ Agnes Blome (2016). The Politics of Work-Family Policy Reforms in Germany and Italy. Taylor & Francis. p. 222. ISBN 978-1-317-55437-0.
  3. ↑ "Statuto del Partito "Nuovo PSI". Archived 5 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
  4. ↑ "Caldoro segretario del Nuovo Psi". Archiviostorico.corriere.it. Retrieved 2014-08-08.
  5. ↑ "Socialisti: Del Bue, Piu' Impegno Nuovo Psi Verso Costituente". Adnkronos.com. Retrieved 2014-08-08.
  6. ↑ "De Michelis: costituente socialista Caldoro: tu vuoi andare a sinistra". Archiviostorico.corriere.it. Retrieved 2014-08-08.
  7. ↑ Redazione Tgcom (2008-09-25). "Tgcom - Nuovo Psi, De Michelis presidente". Tgcom24.mediaset.it. Retrieved 2014-08-08.
  8. ↑ Gabriele Maestri, I simboli della discordia, Giuffrè, Milan 2012, pp. 119-120
  9. ↑ Gabriele Maestri, I simboli della discordia, Giuffrè, Milan 2012, pp. 120-121
  10. ↑ "Gianni DE MICHELIS". Europarl.europa.eu. Retrieved 2014-08-08.
  11. ↑ "Alessandro BATTILOCCHIO". Europarl.europa.eu. Retrieved 2014-08-08.
  12. ↑ "La storia". Partitosocialista.it. Retrieved 2014-08-08.
  13. ↑ "Lucio Barani eletto segretario nazionale - Cronaca - il Tirreno". Iltirreno.gelocal.it. 2011-06-26. Retrieved 2014-08-08.
  14. ↑ http://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2015/07/27/nuovo-psi-il-segretario-barani-aderisce-al-gruppo-verdini-ma-rischia-lespulsione/1910471/
  15. ↑ http://www.agenparl.com/nuovo-psi-lucio-barani-si-dimette-da-segretario-nazionale/
  16. ↑ http://www.ottopagine.it/sa/politica/43791/e-frattura-fra-forza-italia-e-nuovo-psi.shtml
  17. ↑ http://www.ottopagine.it/av/politica/42687/nuovo-psi-fasolino-coordinatore-nazionale.shtml
  18. ↑ http://www.avellinotoday.it/politica/nuovo-psi-caldoro-barani.html
  19. ↑ https://www.agenzianova.com/a/0/1847550/2018-03-12/elezioni-nuovo-psi-auguri-a-riformisti-battilocchio-e-craxi

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.