Ilam, Iran

Ilam
ايلام
City
A square in Ilam

Location in the Ilam province
Ilam
Location in Iran
Coordinates: 33°38′15″N 46°25′22″E / 33.63750°N 46.42278°E / 33.63750; 46.42278Coordinates: 33°38′15″N 46°25′22″E / 33.63750°N 46.42278°E / 33.63750; 46.42278
Country Iran
Province Ilam
County Ilam
Bakhsh Central
Population (2016 Census)
 • Total 194,030 [1]
Time zone UTC+3:30 (IRST)
 • Summer (DST) UTC+4:30 (IRDT)
Climate Csa
Website www.e-ilam.ir

Ilam (Persian: ايلام‎; also Romanized as Īlām and Elām)[2] is a city and capital of Ilam Province, Iran. It is the third largest Kurdish city in Iran;[3][4] and its people are Shia Muslims.[5][6] At the 2011 census, its population was 213,579 people, and 52,474 families.[7]The Kabir Kuh mountain range lies east of the city. From the west it borders Iraq. The city is populated by Kurds and they speak Southern Kurdish.[8][9][10][11][12]

People and Culture

The people of the ilam city are Kurdish ethnic group and they speak Southern Kurdish.[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]

The Cloths of Ilam residence are Kurdish traditional clothing[22][23][24][25][26]

Architecture

Like many other regions of Iran the architecture in Ilam includes traditional and contemporary periods. Although easy access to fossil fuels and electricity may have aided the transition in Iranian architecture in other regions of Iran from its traditional to modern styles, in Ilam the increasing population has also played a kord.

The Governor Castle, Falahaty Mansion and The Mirgholam Castle are examples of some surviving traditional buildings in Ilam. The courtyard dwelling is the main type of the buildings of this period. This type of building was accepted as the main building type over all Iran for both climatic and cultural reasons. Brick is the main constructional material in these buildings. The passive thermal techniques indicated for the Iranian traditional buildings are commonly used in these buildings.

The Governor Castle of Ilam was built in type of courtyard. Adding shade and moisture by using green landscape, high trees and a pond, were the main passive techniques used in this building to reduce the temperature in summer. The Mirgholam Castle of Ilam presents a classic Iranian courtyard. The garden and the pound were the main elements of this type of buildings. The Falahaty Mansion used a pitched roof as it was regular beside the flat roofs in the traditional buildings in Ilam earlier.[27]

Climate

Ilam is situated in the cold mountainous region of Iran at a height of 1,319 metres (4,330 ft) above mean sea level. It is located in the west of Iran at a latitude of 33° 38´ north and longitude of 46° 26´ east. Although this city is surrounded by mountains, its climate is also affected by deserts from the west and the south. This region presents a highly variable annual weather profile. Heavy showers or snow in the winter and dusty, brutally hot, dry weather in the summer are normal for this region.[28] Monthly rainfalls have been as high as 352.1 millimetres (13.86 in) in March 1974, whilst daily rainfalls have reached 86 millimetres or 3.39 inches on 26 February 1991. Temperatures have ranged from a high of 47.0 °C or 116.6 °F on 20 August 1975 to a low of −15.0 °C or 5.0 °F on 5 February 1974.

Ilam’s climate is classed under the Köppen climate classification as a Mediterranean climate (Csa) with continental influences.

Climate data for Ilam (1967 to 2005)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 23.1
(73.6)		 21.0
(69.8)		 25.0
(77)		 30.2
(86.4)		 37.5
(99.5)		 40.0
(104)		 43.0
(109.4)		 47.0
(116.6)		 40.0
(104)		 35.2
(95.4)		 32.0
(89.6)		 27.5
(81.5)		 47.0
(116.6)
Average high °C (°F) 9.0
(48.2)		 10.2
(50.4)		 14.0
(57.2)		 19.8
(67.6)		 26.3
(79.3)		 32.4
(90.3)		 35.8
(96.4)		 35.3
(95.5)		 31.6
(88.9)		 24.9
(76.8)		 17.1
(62.8)		 11.7
(53.1)		 22.4
(72.3)
Average low °C (°F) −0.3
(31.5)		 0.6
(33.1)		 3.7
(38.7)		 8.6
(47.5)		 13.8
(56.8)		 18.1
(64.6)		 21.2
(70.2)		 20.8
(69.4)		 17.3
(63.1)		 12.3
(54.1)		 6.3
(43.3)		 1.9
(35.4)		 10.4
(50.7)
Record low °C (°F) −14
(7)		 −15
(5)		 −11
(12)		 −3
(27)		 3.0
(37.4)		 7.0
(44.6)		 8.0
(46.4)		 8.0
(46.4)		 7.5
(45.5)		 1.9
(35.4)		 −6.2
(20.8)		 −12
(10)		 −15
(5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 117.5
(4.626)		 103.9
(4.091)		 123.1
(4.846)		 70.1
(2.76)		 26.1
(1.028)		 0.5
(0.02)		 0.6
(0.024)		 0.3
(0.012)		 1.1
(0.043)		 26.2
(1.031)		 80.3
(3.161)		 94.8
(3.732)		 644.5
(25.374)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 9 8 10 7 4 0 0 0 0 3 6 8 55
Average relative humidity (%) 66 62 57 49 38 27 25 25 26 38 51 61 44
Source: Iranian Meteorological Organisation (archived)[29]

Colleges and universities

Ilam contains the following universities:

References

  1. ↑ https://www.amar.org.ir/english
  2. ↑ Ilam, Iran can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3067203" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
  3. ↑ Ilam in a sight kojaro.com Retrieved 12 May 2018
  4. ↑ "Ilam, Iran | The Kurdish Project". The Kurdish Project. Retrieved 2018-09-15.
  5. ↑ Ilam yjc.ir Retrieved 12 May 2018
  6. ↑ All Shia province of Ilam absorbed in the morning of the Kufa oppressed. irna.ir Retrieved 12 May 2018
  7. ↑ www.amar.org.ir
  8. ↑ "زبان و گویش مردم ایلام". خبرگزاری برنا (in Persian). Retrieved 2018-09-15.
  9. ↑ "زبان و گویش مردم ایلام". تیشینه (in Persian). Retrieved 2018-09-15.
  10. ↑ "زبان وگویش های مردم استان ایلام 2". ايلام ساتراپ مهر. Retrieved 2018-09-15.
  11. ↑ "ایلام". manesht.persiangig.com. Retrieved 2018-09-15.
  12. ↑ "مذهب مردم ایلام". فرهنگ در ایران، ایلام و ملکشاهی (in Persian). Retrieved 2018-09-15.
  13. ↑ "Ilam, Iran | The Kurdish Project". The Kurdish Project. Retrieved 2018-09-16.
  14. ↑ "زبان و گویش مردم ایلام". خبرگزاری برنا (in Persian). Retrieved 2018-09-16.
  15. ↑ "زبان وگویش های مردم استان ایلام 2". ايلام ساتراپ مهر. Retrieved 2018-09-16.
  16. ↑ "ایلام". manesht.persiangig.com. Retrieved 2018-09-16.
  17. ↑ "مذهب مردم ایلام". فرهنگ در ایران، ایلام و ملکشاهی (in Persian). Retrieved 2018-09-16.
  18. ↑ "Destruction of ancient sites in Ilam, East Kurdistan — Rojhelat.info". rojhelat.info. Retrieved 2018-09-16.
  19. ↑ iran-tech.com. "Iran Tourism Attraction - Ilam Province - GHODS GASHT - International Tour & Travel Agency". www.ghodsgasht.com. Retrieved 2018-09-16.
  20. ↑ "Iran - Kurds". countrystudies.us. Retrieved 2018-09-16.
  21. ↑ Maisel, Sebastian (2018-06-30). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781440842573.
  22. ↑ "لباس محلی استان ایلام | جاهای دیدنی ایران". جاهای دیدنی ایران (in Persian). 2016-11-10. Retrieved 2018-09-18.
  23. ↑ "لباس سنتی مردم ایلام (1)". seemorgh.com (in Persian). Retrieved 2018-09-18.
  24. ↑ "لباس سنتی ایلامی، تن پوشی که خاطره ای از آن باقی است". خبرگزاری جمهوری اسلامی (in Persian). Retrieved 2018-09-18.
  25. ↑ "پارچه لباس کردی ایلام | مرجع خرید و فروش انواع پارچه کردی- پارچه کردی". مرجع خرید و فروش انواع پارچه کردی- پارچه کردی (in Persian). Retrieved 2018-09-18.
  26. ↑ تبیان, موسسه فرهنگی و اطلاع رسانی. "لباس مردم ایلام(2)" (in Persian). Retrieved 2018-09-18.
  27. ↑ J Khodakarami. Achieving Thermal Comfort in Iranian Hospitals. Cardiff University, PhD Thesis, 2008
  28. ↑ J Khodakarami and I Knight. Required and Current Thermal Conditions for Occupants in Iranian Hospitals. HVAC&R Research, Vol. 14, Number 2, March 2008, pp 175-194
  29. ↑ "FORM 1: STATION ILAM". Iranian Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 8 May 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2011.
  • Farshid Sāmāni, Ilam, the Sleeping Beauty, in Persian, Jadid Online, 26 May 2009: .
    • Discovering Ilam, in English, Jadid Online, 22 October 2009, .
    • Photo gallery, containing 25 photographs with informative captions in English: .
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