Hinduism in Nepal
Historical Growth of the Hindu Population in Nepal | ||
---|---|---|
Year | Pop. | ±% |
1952 | 7,318,392 | — |
1961 | 8,254,403 | +12.8% |
1971 | 10,330,009 | +25.1% |
1981 | 13,445,787 | +30.2% |
1991 | 15,996,653 | +19.0% |
2001 | 18,330,121 | +14.6% |
2011 | 21,551,492 | +17.6% |
Source: 1952-2001[1] |
Hinduism is the largest religion of Nepal. In the 2011 census, approximately 81.3 percent of the Nepalese people identified themselves as Hindus, although observers note that many of the people regarded as Hindus in the 1981 census could, with as much justification, be called Buddhists. According to 2011 census, the Hindu population in Nepal is estimated to be around 22.1 million which accounts 81.3% of country's population. "[2] The national calendar of Nepal, Vikram Samvat, is a solar Hindu calendar essentially the same to that widespread in North India as a religious calendar, and is based on Hindu units of time.
The geographical distribution of religious groups revealed a preponderance of Hindus, accounting for at least 87 percent of the population in every region. Among Tibeto-Burman-speaking communities in Nepal, those most influenced by Hinduism are the Magars, Sunwar, and Rai peoples.
Year | Percent | Increase |
---|---|---|
1952/54 | 88.87% | - |
1961 | 87.69% | -1.18% |
1971 | 89.39% | +1.70% |
1981 | 89.50% | +0.11% |
1991 | 86.51% | -2.99% |
2001 | 80.62% | -5.89% |
2011 | 81.3% | +0.68% |
Hindu foundation of the Kingdom of Nepal
Historians and local traditions say that a Hindu sage named "Ne" established himself in the valley of Kathmandu during prehistoric times, and that the word "Nepal" means the place protected ("pala" in Sanskrit) by the sage Ne.[3] He performed religious ceremonies at Teku, the confluence of the Bagmati and Bishnumati rivers.[4] According to legend he selected a pious cowherd to be the first of the many kings of the Gopala Dynasty.[3] These rulers are said to have ruled Nepal for over 500 years.[5] He selected Bhuktaman to be the first king in the line of the Gopal (Cowherd) Dynasty.[4] The Silncan Gopal dynasty ruled for 621 years. Yakshya Gupta was the last king of this dynasty.
According to Skanda Purana, a rishi called "Ne" or "Nemuni" used to live in Himalaya.[6] In the Pashupati Purana, he is mentioned as a saint and a protector.[7] He is said to have practiced penance at the Bagmati and Kesavati rivers[8] and to have taught his doctrines there too.[3]
Hindu symbolism of Nepal
The pennant is an important Hindu flag that is help atop Hindu temples.
It is believed that Lord Vishnu had organized the Nepali people and given them their flag, with the sun and moon as emblems on it.[9] In a Hindu Purana, it is written that it was Lord Shiva who handed the flag to Lord Vishnu, and then Lord Vishnu to Lord Indra, for the purpose for battling demons.[10]
List of festivals in Nepal
- Mata Tirtha Aunsi (Nepali equivalent of Mother's Day)
- Buddha Jayanti (the birthday of the Budhha, but also celebrated by Hindu people as great harmony exists between Hindus and Buddhists in Nepal)
- Ghanta Karna Chaturdasi
- Janai Purnima, Rakshya Bandhan, Khumbeshwor Mela Patan
- Gaijatra
- Shree Krishna Janmastami
- Gokarna Aunsi (Nepali equivalent of Father's Day)
- Teej Ko Darkhane Din
- Indrajatra (Holiday Only in Kathmandu)
- Dashain Holidays
- Tihar Holidays
- Chhath Public Holidays
- Maghe Sankranti
- Shree Panchami
- Maha Shiva Ratri
- Fagun Purnima (Holi)
- Ghode Jatra
- Shree Ram Nawami
- Bagh Jatra
- Bhairav Kumari Jatra
- Chaite Dasain
- Gaura Parva
- Gunla
- Guru Purnima
- Rato Macchendranath Jatra
- Mani Rimdu
- Mata-yaa
- Neel Barahi Pyakhan
- Rath Yatra
- Sita Vivaha Panchami
- Tamu Dhee
- Tansen Jatra
- Taya Macha
- Yomari punhi
Hindu-Buddhist syncretism
However, there has traditionally been a great deal of intermingling of Hindu and Buddhist beliefs. Many of the people regarded as Hindus in the 1981 census could also in some senses be called Buddhists. Hindus long have worshipped at Buddhist temples and Buddhists at Hindu temples. The reason for this is that both Hinduism and Buddhism have common roots, and over most of their history have not been seen as separate communions, but rather rival tendencies within a shared religious tradition. Because of such dual faith practices (or mutual respect), the differences between Hindus and Buddhists have been very subtle and academic in nature; Hindus and Buddhists have never engaged in any religious conflicts for past millennia. There are many temples where both Hindus and Buddhists can enter and worship.
Demographics
Hindu population by ethnic group
The figures are based on the Census 2011 of Nepal.[11] NEG denotes newly listed ethnic group, for which 2001 census figures are not available.
Caste | Hindu change | Race | Hindus 2001 | Hindus 2011 | Pop 2011 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chhetri/Kshetri | -0.23% | Khas | 99.48% | 99.25% | 4,398,053 |
Brahmin (Hill)/Bahun | -0.12% | Khas | 99.68% | 99.56% | 3,226,903 |
Magar | +4.36% | Sino/Tibetan | 74.60% | 78.96% | 1,887,733 |
Tharu | -3.67% | Adivasi | 97.63% | 93.96% | 1,737,470 |
Tamang | +1.19% | Sino/Tibetan | 7.69% | 8.88% | 1,539,830 |
Newar | +3.25% | Sino/Tibetan | 84.13% | 87.38% | 1,321,933 |
Musalman | -2.19% | Muslim | 2.19% | 0.00% | 1,164,255 |
Kami | -0.34% | Dalit | 96.69% | 96.35% | 1,258,554 |
Yadav | -0.09% | Terai/Low | 99.78% | 99.69% | 1,054,458 |
Rai | +2.53% | Sino/Tibetan | 25.00% | 27.53% | 620,004 |
Gurung | +3.43% | Sino/Tibetan | 28.75% | 32.18% | 522,641 |
Damai/Dholi | -1.22% | Dalit | 97.81% | 96.59% | 472,862 |
Limbu | +3.02% | Sino/Tibetan | 11.32% | 14.34% | 387,300 |
Thakuri | -0.09% | Khas | 99.40% | 99.31% | 425,623 |
Sarki | -2.44% | Dalit | 97.90% | 95.46% | 374,816 |
Teli | 0.39% | Terai/Low | 99.19% | 99.58% | 369,688 |
Chamar | 0.70% | Dalit | 98.85% | 99.55% | 335,893 |
Koiri | -0.06% | Terai/Low | 99.77% | 99.71% | 306,393 |
Kurmi | 0.00% | Terai/Low | 99.84% | 99.84% | 231,129 |
Sanyasi | -0.16% | Khas | 99.21% | 99.05% | 227,822 |
Dhanuk | -0.15% | Terai/Low | 99.75% | 99.60% | 219,808 |
Musahar | +0.58% | Dalit | 98.52% | 99.10% | 234,490 |
Dusadh | +0.20% | Dalit | 99.47% | 99.67% | 208,910 |
Sherpa | -6.26% | Sino/Tibetan | 6.26% | 0.00% | 112,946 |
Sonar | +1.29% | Terai/Low | 98.20% | 99.49% | 64,335 |
Kewat | +0.17% | Terai/Low | 99.58% | 99.75% | 153,772 |
Brahman(Terai) | -0.05% | Terai High | 99.58% | 99.53% | 134,106 |
Kathbaniyan | +0.36% | Terai High | 99.32% | 99.68% | 138,637 |
Gharti/Bhujel | +1.10% | Sino/Tibetan | 96.50% | 97.60% | 118,650 |
Mallaha | +0.63% | Terai/Low | 99.13% | 99.76% | 173,261 |
Kalwar | +0.08% | Terai/Low | 99.69% | 99.77% | 128,232 |
Kumal | -0.17% | Sino/Tibetan | 98.42% | 98.25% | 121,196 |
Hajam/Thakur | +0.07% | Terai/Low | 99.59% | 99.66% | 117,758 |
Kanu | -0.16% | Terai/Low | 99.89% | 99.73% | 125,184 |
Rajbansi | +13.75% | Adivasi | 85.15% | 98.90% | 115,242 |
Sunuwar | +12.79% | Sino/Tibetan | 79.50% | 92.29% | 55,712 |
Sudhi | -0.18% | Terai/Low | 99.67% | 99.49% | 93,115 |
Lohar | -0.24% | Terai/Low | 99.78% | 99.54% | 101,421 |
Tatma | -0.29% | Dalit | 99.79% | 99.50% | 104,865 |
Khatwe | +0.15% | Dalit | 99.45% | 99.60% | 100,921 |
Dhobi | +0.27% | Dalit | 99.45% | 99.72% | 109,079 |
Majhi | +0.31% | Sino/Tibetan | 81.67% | 81.98% | 83,727 |
Nuniya | +0.48% | Terai/Low | 99.34% | 99.82% | 70,540 |
Kumhar | +0.39% | Terai/Low | 99.19% | 99.58% | 62,399 |
Danuwar | -15.60% | Sino/Tibetan | 99.26% | 83.66% | 84,115 |
Chepang | -5.73% | Sino/Tibetan | 70.23% | 64.50% | 68,399 |
Haluwai | +0.25% | Terai/Low | 99.38% | 99.63% | 83,869 |
Rajput | +0.29% | Terai High | 99.32% | 99.61% | 41,972 |
Kayastha | +0.74% | Terai High | 98.88% | 99.62% | 44,304 |
Badhaee | +0.07% | Terai/Low | 99.52% | 99.59% | 28,932 |
Marwadi | -1.53% | Other | 94.88% | 93.35% | 51,443 |
Santhal | -6.07% | Adivasi | 83.06% | 76.99% | 51,735 |
Jhangad | -11.29% | Adivasi | 92.79% | 81.50% | 37,424 |
Bantar/Sardar | +1.31% | Dalit | 97.85% | 99.16% | 55,104 |
Baraee | -0.10% | Terai/Low | 99.90% | 99.80% | 80,597 |
Kahar | -0.39% | Terai/Low | 99.88% | 99.49% | 53,159 |
Gangai | -11.13% | Adivasi | 98.44% | 87.31% | 36,988 |
Lodh | -1.39% | Terai/Low | 99.82% | 98.43% | 32,837 |
Rajbhar | +0.25% | Terai/Low | 99.41% | 99.66% | 9,542 |
Thami | -11.81% | Sino/Tibetan | 55.74% | 43.93% | 28,671 |
Dhimal | -1.30% | Adivasi | 57.41% | 56.11% | 26,298 |
Bhote | -37.90% | Sino/Tibetan | 37.90% | 0.00% | 13,397 |
Bin | -0.10% | Terai/Low | 99.88% | 99.78% | 75,195 |
Gaderi | -0.03% | Terai/Low | 99.70% | 99.67% | 26,375 |
Nurang | -98.54% | Sino/Tibetan | 98.54% | 0.00% | 278 |
Yakkha | -2.67% | Sino/Tibetan | 14.17% | 11.50% | 24,336 |
Darai | -2.95% | Sino/Tibetan | 97.89% | 94.94% | 16,789 |
Tajpuriya | +13.05% | Adivasi | 64.15% | 77.20% | 19,213 |
Thakali | -3.21% | Sino/Tibetan | 33.83% | 30.62% | 13,215 |
Chidimar | -0.17% | Adivasi | 99.29% | 99.12% | 1,254 |
Pahari | +12.28% | Sino/Tibetan | 78.90% | 91.18% | 13,615 |
Mali | -0.11% | Terai/Low | 99.78% | 99.67% | 14,995 |
Bangali | +2.05% | Other | 97.02% | 99.07% | 26,582 |
Chhantyal | +64.25% | Sino/Tibetan | 30.78% | 95.03% | 11,810 |
Dom | -0.05% | Dalit | 99.24% | 99.19% | 13,268 |
Kamar | +1.89% | Terai/Low | 98.00% | 99.89% | 1,787 |
Bote | -10.53% | Sino/Tibetan | 98.57% | 88.04% | 10,397 |
Brahmu | +7.55% | Sino/Tibetan | 72.04% | 79.59% | 8,140 |
Gaine | -2.72% | Dalit | 97.01% | 94.29% | 6,791 |
Jirel | +6.82% | Sino/Tibetan | 10.55% | 17.37% | 5,774 |
Dura | +80.43% | Sino/Tibetan | 18.94% | 99.37% | 5,394 |
Badi | -2.88% | Dalit | 98.83% | 95.95% | 38,603 |
Meche | -4.69% | Adivasi | 80.28% | 75.59% | 4,867 |
Lepcha | +1.93% | Sino/Tibetan | 7.62% | 9.55% | 3,445 |
Halkhor | -0.01% | Dalit | 99.34% | 99.33% | 4,003 |
Punjabi | +10.36% | Other | 80.68% | 91.04% | 7,176 |
Kisan | -0.85% | Adivasi | 95.62% | 94.77% | 1,739 |
Raji | +9.69% | Sino/Tibetan | 88.33% | 98.02% | 4,235 |
Byangsi | -98.05% | Sino/Tibetan | 98.05% | 0.00% | 3,895 |
Hayu | -22.67% | Sino/Tibetan | 70.29% | 47.62% | 2,925 |
Koche | -3.14% | Adivasi | 97.76% | 94.62% | 1,635 |
Dhunia | +6.38% | Terai/Low | 93.10% | 99.48% | 14,846 |
Walung | -82.40% | Sino/Tibetan | 82.40% | 0.00% | 1,249 |
Munda | +18.12% | Adivasi | 78.94% | 97.06% | 2,350 |
Raute | +13.00% | Sino/Tibetan | 83.28% | 96.28% | 618 |
Yehlmo | -1.55% | Sino/Tibetan | 1.55% | 0.00% | 10,752 |
Patharkatta | -5.95% | Adivasi | 99.82% | 93.87% | 3,182 |
Kusunda | -14.78% | Sino/Tibetan | 97.56% | 82.78% | 273 |
Lhomi | NEG | Sino/Tibetan | NEG | 0.00% | 1,614 |
Kalar | NEG | Dalit | NEG | 99.26% | 1,077 |
Natuwa | NEG | Dalit | NEG | 99.74% | 3,062 |
Dhandi | NEG | Dalit | NEG | 100.00% | 1,982 |
Dhankar | NEG | Dalit | NEG | 99.59% | 2,681 |
Kulung | NEG | Sino/Tibetan | NEG | 2.27% | 28,613 |
Ghale | NEG | Sino/Tibetan | NEG | 35.96% | 22,881 |
Khawas | NEG | Sino/Tibetan | NEG | 87.61% | 18,513 |
Rajdhob | NEG | Terai/Low | NEG | 99.78% | 13,422 |
Kori | NEG | Dalit | NEG | 99.98% | 12,276 |
Nachhiring | NEG | Sino/Tibetan | NEG | 3.17% | 7,154 |
Yamphu | NEG | Sino/Tibetan | NEG | 7.05% | 6,933 |
Chamling | NEG | Sino/Tibetan | NEG | 28.70% | 6,668 |
Aathpariya | NEG | Sino/Tibetan | NEG | 5.86% | 5,977 |
Sarbaria | NEG | Dalit | NEG | 99.55% | 4,906 |
Bantaba | NEG | Sino/Tibetan | NEG | 42.66% | 4,604 |
Dolpo | NEG | Sino/Tibetan | NEG | 0.00% | 4,107 |
Amat | NEG | Terai/Low | NEG | 99.11% | 3,830 |
Thulung | NEG | Sino/Tibetan | NEG | 17.45% | 3,535 |
Mewahang | NEG | Sino/Tibetan | NEG | 10.23% | 3,100 |
Bahing | NEG | Sino/Tibetan | NEG | 14.73% | 3,096 |
Lhopa | NEG | Sino/Tibetan | NEG | 0.27% | 2,624 |
Dev | NEG | Terai/Low | NEG | 99.44% | 2,147 |
Samgpang | NEG | Sino/Tibetan | NEG | 25.34% | 1,681 |
Khaling | NEG | Sino/Tibetan | NEG | 20.88% | 1,571 |
Topkegola | NEG | Sino/Tibetan | NEG | 0.00% | 1,523 |
Loharung | NEG | Sino/Tibetan | NEG | 10.15% | 1,153 |
Dalit Oth | +0.02% | Dalit | 97.84% | 97.86% | 155,354 |
Janajati Oth | NEG | Sino/Tibetan | NEG | 70.36% | 1,228 |
Terai Oth | +8.47% | Terai/Low | 90.44% | 98.91% | 103,811 |
Undefined | NEG | Other | NEG | 70.32% | 15,277 |
Foreigner | NEG | Other | NEG | 67.22% | 6,651 |
Total | +0.72% | All | 80.62% | 81.34% | 26,494,504 |
As seen from the 2001 and 2011 Census data, the percentage of Hindus has gone up by 0.72%, from 80.62% to 81.34%. However, the overall trend remains largely negative. All the major racial group except the Sino/Tibetans showed a decline in the percentage of Hindus, which was especially sharp among certain Adivasi groups such as Tharu and Dalit groups. Among the Sino/Tibetans, the percentage of Hindus went up by 2.37%, from 49.74% to 52.11%.
Hindu population by district
janakpur(mithala dham) 99.95%
District | % Hindu[12] |
---|---|
Janakpur | 99.95% |
Jajarkot | 99.85% |
Baitadi | 99.89 |
Bajhang | 99.83% |
Kalikot | 99.78% |
Dadeldhura | 99.78% |
Bajura | 99.77% |
Kanchanpur | 99.15% |
Achham | 98.78% |
Darchula | 98.72% |
Dailekh | 98.32% |
Rukum | 98.29% |
Jumla | 97.90% |
Kailali | 97.56% |
Doti | 97.49% |
Arghakhanchi | 96.95% |
Pyuthan | 96.71% |
Dang | 96.48% |
Gulmi | 96.10% |
Bardiya | 95.17% |
Salyan | 94.43% |
Surkhet | 91.20% |
Siraha | 90.88% |
Dhanusa | 90.08% |
Bhaktapur | 89.87% |
Saptari | 88.44% |
Palpa | 88.02% |
Parbat | 87.77% |
Nawalparasi | 87.23% |
Sarlahi | 86.74% |
Mugu | 86.44% |
Syangja | 86.07% |
Rupandehi | 85.34% |
Humla | 84.40% |
Mahottari | 84.39% |
Baglung | 83.30% |
Tanahu | 83.16% |
Chitwan | 82.75% |
Parsa | 82.37% |
Bara | 81.94% |
Kaski | 81.72% |
Kapilbastu | 81.06% |
Morang | 80.12% |
Jhapa | 79.37% |
Rautahat | 78.96% |
Banke | 78.49% |
Sunsari | 77.09% |
Rolpa | 75.49% |
Kathmandu | 75.49% |
Udayapur | 75.43% |
Myagdi | 74.88% |
Dhading | 73.89% |
Okhaldhunga | 73.86% |
Gorkha | 72.79% |
Dolakha | 72.43% |
Lalitpur | 70.43% |
Sindhuli | 68.56% |
Ramechhap | 68.06% |
Kavrepalanchok | 64.77% |
Sindhupalchok | 62.53% |
Nuwakot | 61.32% |
Khotang | 60.54% |
Dolpa | 60.35% |
Lamjung | 58.47% |
Bhojpur | 53.77% |
Terhathum | 51.27% |
Dhankuta | 49.52% |
Makwanpur | 49.36% |
Ilam | 47.28% |
Sankhuwasabha | 46.95% |
Solukhumbu | 42.91% |
Taplejung | 36.52% |
Panchthar | 34.20% |
Rasuwa | 33.10% |
Manang | 25.35% |
Mustang | 25.28% |
Gallery
- Nepali Pahadi Hindu marriage at Narayan gadh, Chitawan
- Nepali Pahadi groom
- Senior offering Dashain Tika on great Nepali Hindu festival at a rural home
- Senior offering Dashain Tika to junior in an urban home
- Nepali bride and bridegroom
- Procession of Nepali Hindu Wedding; Groom puts Sindoor (Vermilion powder) on Bride's head
- Procession of Nepali Hindu Wedding; Groom being carried by a helper
References
- ↑ http://cbs.gov.np/image/data/Population/Monograph_vol_1_2(1-10,11-21)/Chapter%2003%20%20Social%20Composition%20of%20the%20Population.pdf
- ↑
- 1 2 3 W.B., P. 34 Land of the Gurkhas
- 1 2 The Ancient Period Archived 2008-05-24 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Balfour, P. 195 Cyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia, :
- ↑ "Alone In Kathmandu". Archived from the original on 2009-08-22. Retrieved 2008-07-04.
- ↑ Prasad, P. 4 The life and times of Maharaja Juddha Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana of Nepal
- ↑ Khatri, P. 16 The Postage Stamps of Nepal
- ↑ Gorkhapatra Corporation The Nepalese Perspective
- ↑ P. 10 The Lotus & the Flame: An Account on Nepalese Culture By Dhooswan Saymi, Dhūsvāṃ Sāyami
- ↑ http://cbs.gov.np/image/data/Population/Population%20Monograph%20of%20Nepal%202014/Population%20Monograph%20V02.pdf
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2014-01-07.