Haplogroup O-M117

Haplogroup O-M117
Possible time of origin 17,300 [95% CI 15,600 <-> 19,000] ybp (YFull[1])

18,203 [95% CI 16,626 <-> 19,783] years ago (Karmin 2015[2])
Coalescence age 10,800 [95% CI 9,500 <-> 12,200] ybp (YFull[1])
Possible place of origin probably East Asia or Southeast Asia
Ancestor O-M134
Descendants O-M133
Defining mutations M117, Page23, CTS899/M1531, CTS1275/M1536, CTS3251, CTS5128/M1619, CTS6623/M1638, CTS11742/M1720, F141/M1564, F144, F235/M1587, F342/M1627, F373/M1636, F476/M1671, F579/M1692, F581, F584, F613/M1702, F649
Projected spatial frequency distribution for haplogroup M117.[3]

Haplogroup O2a2b1a1-M117 (also defined by the phylogenetically equivalent mutation Page23) is a subclade of O2a2b1-M134 (and also a subclade of haplogroup O2-M122) that occurs frequently in China and in neighboring countries like Nepal, Bhutan, and Korea, especially among Sino-Tibetan language speaking people.

O2-M117 has been detected in samples of Tamang (38/45 = 84.4%), Tibetans (45/156 = 28.8% or 13/35 = 37.1%), Tharus (57/171 = 33.3%), Han Taiwanese (40/183 = 21.9%), Newars (14/66 = 21.2%), the general population of Kathmandu, Nepal (13/77 = 16.9%), Han Chinese (5/34 = 14.7% Chengdu, 5/35 = 14.3% Harbin, 4/35 = 11.4% Meixian, 3/30 = 10.0% Lanzhou, 2/32 = 6.3% Yili, 44/109=40.34% Quanzhou, Fujian), Tungusic peoples from the PRC (7/45 = 15.6% Hezhe, 4/26 = 15.4% Evenki, 5/35 = 14.3% Manchu, 2/41 = 4.9% Xibe, 1/31 = 3.2% Oroqen), and Uyghurs (2/39 = 5.1% Yili, 1/31 = 3.2% Ürümqi) (Xue et al. 2006, Gayden et al. 2007, and Fornarino et al. 2009).

Like O-M7, O-M117 has been found with greatly varying frequency in many samples of Hmong-Mien-speaking peoples, such as Mienic peoples (7/20 = 35.0% Mountain Straggler Mien, 9/28 = 32.1% Blue Kimmun, 6/19 = 31.6% Flower Head Mien, 3/11 = 27.3% Top Board Mien, 3/11 = 27.3% Thin Board Mien, 11/47 = 23.4% Western Mien, 6/33 = 18.2% Northern Mien, 5/31 = 16.1% Lowland Yao, 5/35 = 14.3% Yao from Liannan, Guangdong, 5/37 = 13.5% Zaomin, 5/41 = 12.2% Lowland Kimmun, 3/41 = 7.3% Native Mien, 2/31 = 6.5% Southern Mien, 2/32 = 6.3% Mountain Kimmun, but 0/35 Yao from Bama, Guangxi), She (6/34 = 17.6% She, 4/56 = 7.1% Northern She), and Hmongic peoples (9/100 = 9.0% Miao from Hunan, 4/51 = 7.8% Hmong Daw from northern Laos, 3/49 = 6.1% Miao from Yunnan, 1/49 = 2.0% Miao from Guizhou, but 0/36 Bunu from Guangxi) (Cai et al. 2011 and Xue et al. 2006).

In Meghalaya, a predominantly tribal state of Northeast India, O-M133 has been found in 19.7% (14/71) of a sample of the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Garos, but in only 6.2% (22/353, ranging from 0/32 Bhoi to 6/44 = 13.6% Pnar) of a pool of eight samples of the neighboring Khasian-speaking tribes (Reddy et al. 2007).

Origin

The earliest attested genealogical split within haplogroup O-M117, that between O-M133 and O-M117(xM133), is estimated to have occurred approximately 10,800 [95% CI 9,500 <-> 12,200] ybp.[1] However, members of O-M117(xM133) are quite rare among extant humans. O-M117(xM133) has been observed in 2.2% (1/46) of the CHB (Han Chinese in Beijing, China) sample of the 1000 Genomes Project.[1] In commercial testing, O-MF1380, which belongs to O-M117(xM133), has been found in one individual who has reported an origin in Guangdong and in one individual who has reported an origin in Jiangsu.[1] O-M117(xM133) also has been found in 1.5% (2/133) of a sample collected in Daejeon, South Korea and in 1.0% (6/573) of a sample collected in Seoul, South Korea.[4]

The most recent common ancestor of all extant members of the O-M133 subclade, which predominates among extant members of O-M117, is estimated to have lived in a significantly less ancient era: 7,000 [95% CI 6,400 <-> 7,600] ybp according to YFull,[1] 7,455 [95% CI 6,514 <-> 8,500] years ago according to Karmin et al. 2015,[2] or 7,500 or 6,400 years ago (depending on which estimate of the mutation rate is used) according to Poznik et al. 2016.[5]

Distribution

China

Haplogroup O-M117 or O-M133 has been found often in samples of Han Chinese from various parts of China: 10/34 = 29.4% O-M133 Hakka in Taiwan,[6] 57/258 = 22.1% O-M133 miscellaneous Han volunteers in Taiwan,[6] 4/19 = 21.1% Fujian (CHS),[1] 12/60 = 20.0% O-M133 Minnan in Taiwan,[6] 29/167 = 17.4% East China,[7] 21/129 = 16.3% North China,[7] 7/46 = 15.2% Beijing (CHB),[5] 5/34 = 14.7% Chengdu,[8] 5/35 = 14.3% Harbin,[8] 9/65 = 13.8% South China,[7] 7/55 = 12.7% O-M133 Fujian,[6] 4/35 = 11.4% Meixian,[8] 3/30 = 10.0% Lanzhou,[8] 2/32 = 6.3% Yili,[8] 1/37 = 2.7% Hunan (CHS),[1] 44/109 = 40.34% Quanzhou.

Members of haplogroup O-M117 also have been found among various ethnic minorities in China, such as Tibetans (13/35 = 37.1%,[8] 45/156 = 28.8%[9]), Dai (13/52 = 25.0% CDX, or Chinese Dai in Xishuangbanna),[1] She people (6/34 = 17.6%[8]), Koreans (4/25 = 16.0% Koreans in the PRC[8]), Hezhe (7/45 = 15.6%[8]), Evenks (4/26 = 15.4%[8]), Manchu (5/35 = 14.3%[8]), Yao in Liannan, Guangdong (5/35 = 14.3%[8]), Mongols (5/45 = 11.1% Inner Mongolian[8]), Qiang (3/33 = 9.1%[8]), Daurs (3/39 = 7.7% Daur[8]), Hani (2/34 = 5.9%[8]), Xibe (2/41 = 4.9%[8]), Uyghurs (3/70 = 4.3%[8]), Oroqen (1/31 = 3.2%[8]), Buyi (1/35 = 2.9%[8]), and Hui (1/35 = 2.9%[8]).

India

In a study of the DNA of Adivasi populations in the state of Meghalaya, Reddy et al. (2007) found O-M133 in 19.7% (14/71) Garo, 13.6% (6/44) Pnar, 11.1% (2/18) Nongtrai, 8.3% (5/60) Lyngngam, 6.9% (2/29) War-Khasi, 6.3% (4/64) Maram, 5.3% (1/19) War-Jaintia, 2.3% (2/87) Khynriam, and 0% (0/32) Bhoi. The Garo natively speak the Garo language, whereas all the other studied populations natively speak Khasic languages.[10]

In another study that included populations in Meghalaya, Kumar et al. (2007) found O-M133 in 9.8% (9/92) Khasi and 9.1% (3/33) Garo.[11]

A study of populations of northern West Bengal and Sikkim published in 2011 found O-M117 in 57.7% (15/26) Rabha, 47.4% (9/19) Mech, 43.1% (22/51) Rajbanshi, 41.7% (15/36) Dhimal, and 7.4% (4/54) Bengali from the northern panhandle of West Bengal and in 9.1% (1/11) of a sample of Lachungpa from Sikkim. O-M117 was not found in this study's samples of Kol (0/62), Santhal (0/51), Kharia (0/34), or Oraon (0/31) from the northern panhandle of West Bengal.[12]

Japan

A study published in the year 2000 found O-M117 in 4.3% (1/23) of a sample representing Japan.[13] In a study published by Chinese researchers in the year 2006, O-M117 was found with high frequency (8/47 = 17.0%) in a sample of Japanese of undescribed geographical origin (Xue et al. 2006). However, in a study published by Japanese researchers in the year 2007, the same haplogroup was found with much lower frequency (11/263 = 4.2%) in a larger sample of Japanese from various regions of Japan (Nonaka et al. 2007). O-M117 has been found in 8.8% (5/57) of the JPT (Japanese in Tokyo, Japan) sample of the 1000 Genomes Project.[5][14]

Korea

Between 11% and 15% of males in samples collected in South Korea have been found to belong to haplogroup O-M117 or O-M133 (20/133 = 15.0% Koreans in Daejeon,[4] 70/573 = 12.2% Koreans in Seoul,[4] 5/43 = 11.6% Koreans in South Korea,[8] 33/300 = 11.0% O-M133 Koreans[15]).

Mongolia

Haplogroup O-M117 has been found in about 5% of samples of Mongols in Mongolia: 4/20 = 20.0% NE Mongolia,[16] 1/18 = 5.6% central Mongolia,[16] 3/65 = 4.6% Outer Mongolian,[8] 1/23 = 4.3% SE Mongolia,[16] 3/97 = 3.1% NW Mongolia.[16]

Nepal

Haplogroup O-M117 has been found in 84.4% (38/45) of a sample of Tamang, 21.2% (14/66) of a sample of Newar, and 16.9% (13/77) of a sample of the general population of Kathmandu.[9]

Laos

In a study published in 2011, haplogroup O-M117 has been found in 7.8% (4/51) of a sample of Hmong Daw in Laos and in 5.1% (37/728) of a set of ethnic minorities who speak various Austroasiatic languages: 32.1% (9/28) Bit, 16.2% (6/37) Kataang, 14.0% (7/50) Mal, 13.7% (7/51) Khmu, 6.9% (2/29) Xinhmul, 3.3% (1/30) Alak, 2.94% (1/34) Inh, 2.86% (1/35) Talieng, 2.0% (1/50) Laven, 2.0% (1/50) Oy, 2.0% (1/50) So, 0% (0/28) Bo, 0% (0/32) Brau, 0% (0/32) Jeh, 0% (0/35) Lamet, 0% (0/35) Ngeq, 0% (0/38) Aheu, 0% (0/39) Suy, and 0% (0/45) Katu.[17]

Thailand

In a study published in 2014, haplogroup O-M133 has been found in 13.3% (10/75) of a sample of the general population of Thailand and in 3.7% (1/27) of a sample of Akka in Thailand.[6] Brunelli et al. (2017) have found O-M117 in 35.0% (7/20) of Shan, 22.4% (46/205) of Khon Mueang, 22.2% (4/18) of Mon, 17.6% (16/91) of Tai Lue, 16.7% (4/24) of Tai Khuen, 13.6% (9/66) of Tai Yuan, 11.5% (3/26) of Tai Yong, and 10.0% (5/50) of Lawa in Northern Thailand and in 31.6% (6/19) of Tai Yuan in Central Thailand.[18]

Vietnam

Haplogroup O-M133 has been found in 4/46 = 8.7% of the KHV (Kinh in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam) sample of the 1000 Genomes Project.[5][1] Haplogroup O-M133 has been found in 1/24 = 4.17% of a sample of people in Hanoi, Vietnam.[6] A study published in 2011 found haplogroup O-M117 in 1/15 = 6.67% Kinh and 1/12 = 8.33% Muong.[17]

Subclades

According to the ISOGG experiental tree， the subclades of O2ab1a1-M117 had shown as below (Owen Lu et al. 2016):

  • O2a2b1a1 (M117/Page23)
    • O2a2b1a1a (M133)
      • O2a2b1a1a1 (F438)
        • O2a2b1a1a1a (Y17728)
          • O2a2b1a1a1a1 (F155)
          • O2a2b1a1a1a2 (F1754)
            • O2a2b1a1a1a2a (F2137)
          • O2a2b1a1a1a3 (Z25907)
          • O2a2b1a1a2 (FGC23469)
            • O2a2b1a1a2a (F310)
              • O2a2b1a1a2a1 (F402)
                • O2a2b1a1a2a1a (F1531)
      • O2a2b1a1a3 (CTS7634)
        • O2a2b1a1a3a (F317)
          • O2a2b1a1a3a1 (F3039)
        • O2a2b1a1a3b (CTS5488)
      • O2a2b1a1a4 (Z25853)
        • O2a2b1a1a4a (CTS5492)
          • O2a2b1a1a4a1 (CTS6987)
      • O2a2b1a1a5 (CTS10738/M1707)
        • O2a2b1a1a5a (CTS9678)
          • O2a2b1a1a5a1 (Z39663)
        • O2a2b1a1a5b (A9457)
      • O2a2b1a1a6 (CTS4658)
        • O2a2b1a1a6a (CTS5308)
        • O2a2b1a1a6b (Z25928)
          • O2a2b1a1a6b1 (SK1730)
            • O2a2b1a1a6b1a (Z26030)
            • O2a2b1a1a6b1b (Z26010)
          • O2a2b1a1a6b2 (A9462)
          • O2a2b1a1a6b3 (B456)
    • O2a2b1a1b (CTS4960)

References

Citations

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 YFull Haplogroup YTree v6.03.46 at 31 July 2018
  2. 1 2 Monika Karmin, Lauri Saag, Mário Vicente, et al., "A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture." Genome Research (2015) 25: 459-466. doi: 10.1101/gr.186684.114
  3. ↑ O'Rourke, Dennis; Cai, Xiaoyun; Qin, Zhendong; Wen, Bo; Xu, Shuhua; Wang, Yi; Lu, Yan; Wei, Lanhai; Wang, Chuanchao; Li, Shilin; Huang, Xingqiu; Jin, Li; Li, Hui (2011). "Human Migration through Bottlenecks from Southeast Asia into East Asia during Last Glacial Maximum Revealed by Y Chromosomes". PLoS ONE. 6 (8): e24282. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024282. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3164178. PMID 21904623.
  4. 1 2 3 Myung Jin Park, Hwan Young Lee, Woo Ick Yang, and Kyoung-Jin Shin, "Understanding the Y chromosome variation in Korea—relevance of combined haplogroup and haplotype analyses." International Journal of Legal Medicine July 2012, Volume 126, Issue 4, pp 589–599. DOI: 10.1007/s00414-012-0703-9
  5. 1 2 3 4 G. David Poznik, Yali Xue, Fernando L. Mendez et al. (2016), "Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences." Nature Genetics 2016 June ; 48(6): 593–599. doi:10.1038/ng.3559.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Jean A Trejaut, Estella S Poloni, Ju-Chen Yen, Ying-Hui Lai, Jun-Hun Loo, Chien-Liang Lee, Chun-Lin He, and Marie Lin, "Taiwan Y-chromosomal DNA variation and its relationship with Island Southeast Asia." BMC Genetics 2014, 15:77. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/15/77
  7. 1 2 3 Shi Yan, Chuan-Chao Wang, Hui Li, Shi-Lin Li, Li Jin, and The Genographic Consortium, "An updated tree of Y-chromosome Haplogroup O and revised phylogenetic positions of mutations P164 and PK4." European Journal of Human Genetics (2011) 19, 1013–1015; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2011.64; published online 20 April 2011.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Yali Xue, Tatiana Zerjal, Weidong Bao, Suling Zhu, Qunfang Shu, Jiujin Xu, Ruofu Du, Songbin Fu, Pu Li, Matthew E. Hurles, Huanming Yang, and Chris Tyler-Smith, "Male Demography in East Asia: A North–South Contrast in Human Population Expansion Times." Genetics 172: 2431–2439 (April 2006). DOI: 10.1534/genetics.105.054270
  9. 1 2 Tenzin Gayden, Alicia M. Cadenas, Maria Regueiro, Nanda B. Singh, Lev A. Zhivotovsky, Peter A. Underhill, Luigi L. Cavalli-Sforza, and Rene J. Herrera, "The Himalayas as a Directional Barrier to Gene Flow." American Journal of Human Genetics 2007;80:884–894. DOI: 10.1086/516757
  10. ↑ Reddy BM, Langstieh BT, Kumar V, Nagaraja T, Reddy ANS, et al. (2007), "Austro-Asiatic Tribes of Northeast India Provide Hitherto Missing Genetic Link between South and Southeast Asia." PLoS ONE 2(11): e1141. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001141
  11. ↑ Vikrant Kumar, Arimanda NS Reddy, Jagedeesh P Babu, et al. (2007), "Y-chromosome evidence suggests a common paternal heritage of Austro-Asiatic populations." BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007, 7:47. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-47
  12. ↑ Monojit Debnath, Malliya G Palanichamy, Bikash Mitra, Jie-Qiong Jin, Tapas K Chaudhuri, and Ya-Ping Zhang, "Y-chromosome haplogroup diversity in the sub-Himalayan Terai and Duars populations of East India." Journal of Human Genetics (2011) 56, 765–771; doi:10.1038/jhg.2011.98.
  13. ↑ Peter A. Underhill, Peidong Shen, Alice A. Lin et al., "Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations," Nature Genetics • Volume 26 • November 2000
  14. ↑ YFull Haplogroup YTree v5.08 at 14 November 2017
  15. ↑ Myung Jin Park, Hwan Young Lee, Na Young Kim, Eun Young Lee, Woo Ick Yang, and Kyoung-Jin Shin, "Y-SNP miniplexes for East Asian Y-chromosomal haplogroup determination in degraded DNA." Forensic Science International: Genetics 7 (2013) 75–81. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2012.06.014
  16. 1 2 3 4 Di Cristofaro J, Pennarun E, Mazières S, Myres NM, Lin AA, et al. (2013) "Afghan Hindu Kush: Where Eurasian Sub-Continent Gene Flows Converge." PLoS ONE 8(10): e76748. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076748
  17. 1 2 Cai X, Qin Z, Wen B, Xu S, Wang Y, et al. (2011), "Human Migration through Bottlenecks from Southeast Asia into East Asia during Last Glacial Maximum Revealed by Y Chromosomes." PLoS ONE 6(8): e24282. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024282
  18. ↑ Brunelli A, Kampuansai J, Seielstad M, Lomthaisong K, Kangwanpong D, Ghirotto S, et al. (2017) "Y chromosomal evidence on the origin of northern Thai people." PLoS ONE 12(7): e0181935. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181935

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