HATNet Project

The Hungarian Automated Telescope Network (HATNet) project is a network of six small fully automated "HAT" telescopes. The scientific goal of the project is to detect and characterize extrasolar planets using the transit method. This network is used also to find and follow bright variable stars. The network is maintained by the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.

The HAT acronym stands for Hungarian-made Automated Telescope, because it was developed by a small group of Hungarians who met through the Hungarian Astronomical Association. The project started in 1999 and has been fully operational since May 2001.[1]

Equipment

The prototype instrument, HAT-1 was built from a 180 mm focal length and 65 mm aperture Nikon telephoto lens and a Kodak KAF-0401E chip of 512 × 768, 9 μm pixels. The test period was from 2000 to 2001 at the Konkoly Observatory in Budapest.[1]

HAT-1 was transported from Budapest to the Steward Observatory, Kitt Peak, Arizona, USA, in January 2001. The transportation caused serious damage to the equipment.[1]

Later built telescopes use Canon 11 cm diameter f/1.8L lenses for a wide-field of 8°×8°. It is a fully automated instrument with 2K x 2K Charge-coupled device (CCD) sensors. One HAT instrument operates at the Wise Observatory.[2][3]

HAT is controlled by a single Linux PC without human supervision. Data are stored in a MySQL database.

HAT-South

From 2009, three other locations joined the HATNet with telescopes of completely new design. The telescopes are deployed to Australia, Namibia and Chile. Each system has eight (2*4) joint-mounted, quasi-parallel Takahashi Epsilon (180 mm diameter, f/2.8) astrographs with Apogee 4k*4k CCDs with overlapping fields of view. The processing computers are Xenomai-based industrial PCs with 10 TB of storage. The funding is provided until 2013.

Participants in the project

HAT-1 was developed during the undergraduate (and also the first year graduate) studies of Gáspár Bakos (Eötvös Loránd University) and at Konkoly Observatory (Budapest), under the supervision of Dr. Géza Kovács. In the development József Lázár, István Papp and Pál Sári also played an important role.

Planets discovered

Twenty-nine extrasolar planets have been discovered so far by the HATNet project (note that the discovery of the planet WASP-11b/HAT-P-10b, WASP-40b/HAT-P-27b and WASP-51b/HAT-P-30b was simultaneously announced by the SuperWASP team). All have been discovered using the transit method. In addition, the radial velocity followup has detected an additional companion, either a massive planet or a small brown dwarf around the star HAT-P-13, making this the first known transiting planet in a system with an outer companion in a well-characterised orbit.[4]

Light green rows indicate that the planet orbits one of the stars in a binary star system.

North

Star Constellation Right
ascension
Declination App.
mag.
Distance (ly) Spectral
type
Planet Mass
(MJ)
Radius
(RJ)
Orbital
period

(d)
Semimajor
axis

(AU)
Orbital
eccentricity
Inclination
(°)
Discovery
year
Ref
ADS 16402 BLacerta22h 57m 47s+38° 40 3010.4453G0V HAT-P-1b0.5241.2254.46529340.0553<0.06786.282006[5][6]
HD 147506Hercules16h 20m 36s+41° 02 538.71440F8 HAT-P-2b8.650.9515.633410.06770.5163902007[7]
GSC 03466-00819Ursa Major13h 44m 23s+48° 01 4311.86457K HAT-P-3b0.5990.8902.8997030.03894087.242007[8]
BD+36°2593Boötes15h 19m 58s+36° 13 4711.21010F HAT-P-4b0.681.273.0565360.0446089.92007[9]
GSC 02634-01087Lyra18h 17m 37s+36° 37 16121110G HAT-P-5b1.061.262.7884910.04075086.752007[10]
GSC 03239-00992Andromeda23h 39m 06s+42° 27 5810.5650F HAT-P-6b1.0571.333.8529850.05235085.512007[11]
GSC 03547-01402Cygnus19h 28m 59s+47° 58 1010.51044F8 HAT-P-7b1.7761.3632.20472990.0377085.72008[12]
GSC 02757-01152Pegasus22h 52m 10s+35° 26 5010.17750F HAT-P-8b1.521.53.076320.0487087.52008[13]
HAT-P-9Auriga07h 20m 40s+37° 08 2612.341560F HAT-P-9b0.781.43.922890.053086.52008[14]
WASP-11/HAT-P-10Perseus03h 09m 29s+30° 40 2511.89408K3V WASP-11b/HAT-P-10b0.4601.0453.72246900.0439088.52008[15]
GSC 03561-02092Cygnus19h 50m 50s+48° 04 519.59123.5K4 HAT-P-11b0.0810.4224.88781620.0530.19888.52009[16]
HAT-P-12Canes Venatici13h 57m 34s+43° 29 3712.84465K4 HAT-P-12b0.2110.9593.21305980.0384089.02009[17]
GSC 3416-00543Ursa Major08h 39m 31s+47° 21 0710.429698G4 HAT-P-13b0.8511.282.91625950.04260.02183.42009[4]
GSC 3416-00543Ursa Major08h 39m 31s+47° 21 0710.429698G4 HAT-P-13c>15.2428.51.1860.6912009[4]
GSC 3086-00152Hercules17h 20m 28s+38° 14 329.98670F HAT-P-14b1.3861.4684.62676690.06060.10783.52010[18]
GSC 2883-01687Perseus04h 25m 33.65s+39° 20 44.212.16190G5 HAT-P-15b1.9461.07210.8635020.09640.1989.12010[19]
GSC 2792-01700Andromeda00h 38m 17.56s+42° 27 47.210.8235F8 HAT-P-16b4.1931.2892.775960.04130.03686.62010[20]
HAT-P-17Cygnus21h 38m 09s+30° 29 1910.54293.5K HAT-P-17b0.531.0110.3385230.08820.34689.22010[21]
HAT-P-17Cygnus21h 38m 09s+30° 29 1910.54293.5K HAT-P-17c1.417972.750.12010[21]
HAT-P-18Hercules17h 05m 24s+33° 00 4512.76541K HAT-P-18b0.1970.9955.5080230.05590.08488.82010[22]
HAT-P-19Andromeda00h 38m 04s+34° 42 4212.9701K HAT-P-19b0.2921.1324.0087780.04660.06788.22010[22]
HAT-P-20Gemini07h 27m 40s+24° 20 1111.34228K7 HAT-P-20b7.2460.8672.8753170.03610.01586.82010[23]
HAT-P-21Ursa Major11h 25m 06s+41° 01 4111.46228G3 HAT-P-21b4.0631.0244.1244610.04940.22887.22010[23]
HAT-P-22Ursa Major10h 22m 44s+50° 07 429.73267G5 HAT-P-22b2.1471.083.212220.04140.01686.92010[23]
HAT-P-23Delphinus20h 24m 30s+16° 45 4411.941282G5 HAT-P-23b2.091.3681.2128840.02320.10685.12010[23]
HAT-P-24Gemini07h 15m 18s+14° 15 4411.818998F8 HAT-P-24b0.6811.2433.35524640.04650.06788.62010[24]
HAT-P-25Aries03h 13m 45s+25° 11 5113.19969G5 HAT-P-25b0.5671.193.6528360.04660.03287.62010[25]
HAT-P-26Virgo14h 12m 37.55s+04° 03 36.1311.74437K1 HAT-P-26b0.0590.5654.2345160.04790.12488.62010[26]
WASP-40/HAT-P-27Virgo14h 51m 04s+05° 56 5012.21665G8 WASP-40b/HAT-P-27b0.661.0383.0395860.04030.07884.72011[27]
HAT-P-28Andromeda00h 52m 00s+34° 43 4213.031288G3 HAT-P-28b0.6261.2123.2572150.04340.051882011[28]
HAT-P-29Perseus02h 12m 31s+51° 46 4411.91050F8 HAT-P-29b0.7781.1075.723180.06670.09587.12011[28]
WASP-51/HAT-P-30Draco08h 15m 48s+05° 50 1210.42629F WASP-51b/HAT-P-30b0.7111.342.8105950.04190.03583.62011[29]
HAT-P-31Cancer08h 06m 09s+26° 25 3611.661155 HAT-P-31b2.1711.075.0054250.0550.24587.12011[30]
HAT-P-32Andromeda02h 01m 10s+46° 41 1611.291044F/G HAT-P-32b0.9412.0372.1500090.03440.16388.72011[31]
HAT-P-33Gemini07h 32m 44s+33° 50 0611.891367F HAT-P-33b0.7631.8273.4744740.05030.14886.72011[31]
HAT-P-34Sagitta20h 12m 47s+18° 06 1810.16838F8 HAT-P-34b3.3281.1075.4526540.06770.44187.12012[32]
HAT-P-35Hydra08h 13m 00s+04° 47 1312.461745F or G HAT-P-35b1.0541.3323.6467060.04980.02587.32012[32]
HAT-P-36Canes Venatici12h 33m 03s+44° 54 5512.261034F or G HAT-P-36b1.8321.2641.3273470.02380.063862012[32]
HAT-P-37Draco18h 57m 11 s+51° 16 0913.231341F or G HAT-P-37b1.1691.1782.7974360.03790.05886.92012[32]
HAT-P-38Triangulum02h 21m 32s+32° 14 4712.562094G HAT-P-38b0.2670.8254.6403820.05230.06788.32012[33]
HAT-P-39Gemini07h 35m 02.0s+17° 49 4811.42812F HAT-P-39b0.5991.5713.543870.0509-872012[34]
HAT-P-40Lacerta22h 22m 03.0s+45° 27 2711.71634F HAT-P-40b0.6151.734.457240.0608-88.32012[34]
HAT-P-41Aquila19h 49m 17.0s+04° 40 2111.091014F HAT-P-41b0.8121.5292.694050.0424-87.92012[34]
HAT-P-42Hydra09h 01m 23.0s+06° 05 5012.171458F or G HAT-P-42b0.9751.2774.641880.0575-85.92012[35]
HAT-P-43Cancer08h 35m 42.0s+10° 12 2413.361771F or G HAT-P-43b0.661.2833.332690.0443-88.72012[35]
HAT-P-44Cassiopeia00h 56m 50.3s+47° 00 5213.211220 HAT-P-44b0.3921.284.301220.05070.072892013[36]
HAT-P-44Cassiopeia00h 56m 50.3s+47° 00 5213.211220 HAT-P-44c1.6-219.90.699--2013[36]
HAT-P-45Cetus00h 33m 09.9s−03° 22 5112.79995 HAT-P-45b0.8921.4263.128990.04520.04987.82013[36]
HAT-P-46Cetus00h 32m 07.1s−02° 58 1511.94965 HAT-P-46b0.4931.2844.463130.05770.12385.52013[36]
HAT-P-46Cetus00h 32m 07.1s−02° 58 1511.94965 HAT-P-46c2-77.70.387--2013[36]
HAT-P-49Vulpecula20h 21m 45.928s+26° 4133.65310.31050F HAT-P-49b1.731.412.69150.0438086.22014[37]
HAT-P-50Canis Minor07h 52m 15.20s12° 08 21.911.7621,620 HAT-P-50b1.3501.2883.12201090.04530<0.11583.652015[38]
HAT-P-51Pisces01h 24m 15.66s32° 48 38.813.4401,500 HAT-P-51b0.3091.2934.21802780.05069<0.12388.482015[38]
HAT-P-52Aries02h 50m 53.20s29° 01 20.614.0681,260 HAT-P-52b0.8181.0092.75359530.03694<0.04787.022015[38]
HAT-P-53Andromeda01h 27m 29.05s38° 58 05.313.732,350 HAT-P-53b1.4841.3181.96162410.03159<0.13486.22015[38]
HAT-P-54Gemini06h 39m 35.53s25° 28 57.113.505443Late K HAT-P-54b0.7600.9443.79980.04117-87.042015[39]
HAT-P-55Hercules17h 37m 05.52s25° 43 52.213.2071,600G2 HAT-P-55b0.5821.1823.58524670.04604<0.13987.702015[40]
HAT-P-56Gemini06h 43m 23.52s27° 15 8.210.9081,013F HAT-P-56b2.181.4662.79083270.04230<0.24682.132015[41]
HAT-P-57Ophiuchus18h 18m 58.32s10° 35 50.310.465990A8 HAT-P-57b<1.851.4132.46529500.0406-88.262015[42]
HAT-P-65Equuleus21h 03m 37.44s11° 59 21.913.1452,740G2 HAT-P-65b0.5271.892.60545520.03951<0.30484.22016[43]
HAT-P-66Ursa Major10h 02m 17.52s53° 57 3.112.9933,020G0 HAT-P-66b0.7831.592.97208600.04363<0.09086.22016[43]
HAT-P-67Hercules17h 06m 26.5611s44° 46 37.07210.0691,000F HAT-P-67b0.342.0854.810100.06505088.82017[44]

South

Star Constellation Right
ascension
Declination App.
mag.
Distance (ly) Spectral
type
Planet Mass
(MJ)
Radius
(RJ)
Orbital
period

(d)
Semimajor
axis

(AU)
Orbital
eccentricity
Inclination
(°)
Disc.
year
Ref
HATS-1Crater11h 32m 06.08s−23° 21 17012.5988.253824G HATS-1b1.8551.3023.4464590.04440.12085.62012[45]
HATS-2Crater11h 46m 57.38s−22° 33 46.813.5621174.16296K HATS-2b1.3451.1681.3541330.0230087.22013[46]
HATS-3Capricornus20h 49m 49.79s−24° 25 43.711.441477.48839F HATS-3b1.0711.3813.5478500.0485086.202013[47]
HATS-4Canis Major06h 16m 26.90s−22° 32 48.813.461369.85679G HATS-4b1.3231.0202.5167290.03620.01388.52014[48]
HATS-5Eridanus04h 28m 53.49s−21° 28 54.912.6838.221891F8 HATS-5b0.2370.9124.7633870.0542<0.01989.32014[49]
HATS-6Lepus05h 52m 35.23s−19° 01 54.015.2484.016065M1V HATS-6b0.3190.9983.32527250.03623088.212014[50]
HATS-7Virgo13h 55m 25.68s−21° 12 27.713.340838.221891K2 HATS-7b0.1200.5633.18531500.04012<0.17087.922015[51]
HATS-8Sagittarius19h 39m 46.02s−25° 44 53.914.032703.83637G HATS-8b0.1380.8733.5838930.04667<0.37687.82015[52]
HATS-9Sagittarius19h 23m 14.42s−20° 09 58.713.32028.69267G HATS-9b0.8161.17241.91530.03048<0.12986.52015[53]
HATS-10Sagittarius19h 37m 13.64s−22° 12 16.113.11617.73563G HATS-10b0.5260.96903.31284600.04491<0.50187.792015[53]
HATS-11Sagittarius19h 17m 36.18s−22° 23 23.714.0182954.97678G0 HATS-11b0.831.4873.61916340.04614<0.34088.312016[54]
HATS-12Sagittarius19h 16m 48.57s−19° 21 21.312.7563199.59407F HATS-12b2.391.3843.1428330.04795<0.08582.272016[54]
HATS-13Capricornus21h 07m 50.75s−26° 05 48.013.8871552.50436 HATS-13b0.5431.2123.04404990.04057<0.18188.552015[55]
HATS-14Capricornus20h 52m 51.71s−25° 41 14.413.791673.18222 HATS-14b1.0711.0392.76676410.03815<0.14288.832015[55]
HATS-15Capricornus20h 44m 22.20s−19° 26 15.014.7742247.21744G9V HATS-15b2.171.1051.747487530.02712<0.12687.132016[56]
HATS-16Sculptor23h 54m 14.09s−30° 00 46.813.8342247.21744G3V HATS-16b3.271.302.6865020.03744<083.532016[56]
HATS-17Centaurus12h 48m 45.55s−47° 36 49.312.391105.67012G HATS-17b1.3380.77716.2546110.1308<0.07089.082016[57]
HATS-18Hydra11h 35m 49.92s−29° 09 21.614.0672103.70864G HATS-18b1.9801.3370.837843400.01761<0.16685.52016[58]
HATS-1909h 49m 38.0s−33° 13 0713.02544.01975G0 HATS-19b0.4271.664.569670.05890.386.62016
HATS-2013h 12m 32.0s−45° 35 2613.771480.74995G9V HATS-20b0.2730.7763.79930.04619<0.5087.162016
HATS-2118h 40m 44.0s−58° 27 3312.2932.80724G4V HATS-21b0.3321.1233.55440.04676085.042016
HATS-2211h 36m 02.33s−29° 32 35.913.455678.079109 HATS-22b0.95302.744.72281240.050250.079087.962017
HATS-23 HATS-23b2017
HATS-24 HATS-24b2016
HATS-25 HATS-25b2016
HATS-26 HATS-26b2016
HATS-27 HATS-27b2016
HATS-28 HATS-28b2016
HATS-29 HATS-29b2016
HATS-30 HATS-30b2016
HATS-31 HATS-31b2016
HATS-32 HATS-32b2016
HATS-33 HATS-33b2016
HATS-34 HATS-34b2016
HATS-35 HATS-35b2016
HATS-36 HATS-36b2017
HATS-37 HATS-37b
HATS-38 HATS-38b
HATS-39 HATS-39b2018
HATS-40 HATS-40b2018
HATS-41 HATS-41b2018
HATS-42 HATS-42b2018
HATS-43 HATS-43b2017
HATS-44 HATS-44b2017
HATS-45 HATS-45b2017
HATS-46 HATS-46b2017
HATS-50 HATS-50b2017
HATS-51 HATS-51b2017
HATS-52 HATS-52b2017
HATS-53 HATS-53b2017


See also

A subset of HATNet light curves are available at the NASA Exoplanet Archive.

Other extrasolar planet search projects

Extrasolar planet searching spacecraft

References

  1. 1 2 3 Bakos, G. Á.; et al. (2002). "System Description and First Light Curves of the Hungarian Automated Telescope, an Autonomous Observatory for Variability Search". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 114 (799): 974–987. arXiv:astro-ph/0206001. Bibcode:2002PASP..114..974B. doi:10.1086/342382.
  2. G. Bakos; et al. (March 2004). "Wide-field millimagnitude photometry with the HAT: a tool for extrasolar planet detection". He Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 116 (817): 266–277. arXiv:astro-ph/0401219. Bibcode:2004PASP..116..266B. doi:10.1086/382735.
  3. Hartman, J.D.; et al. (October 2004). "HATNET Variability Survey in the High Stellar Density "Kepler Field" with Millimagnitude Image Subtraction Photometry". The Astronomical Journal. 128 (4): 1761–1783. arXiv:astro-ph/0405597. Bibcode:2004AJ....128.1761H. doi:10.1086/423920.
  4. 1 2 3 Bakos, G. Á.; et al. (2009). "HAT-P-13b,c: A Transiting Hot Jupiter with a Massive Outer Companion on an Eccentric Orbit". The Astrophysical Journal. 707 (1): 446–456. arXiv:0907.3525. Bibcode:2009ApJ...707..446B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/707/1/446.
  5. Bakos, G. Á.; et al. (2007). "HAT-P-1b: A Large-Radius, Low-Density Exoplanet Transiting One Member of a Stellar Binary". The Astrophysical Journal. 656 (1): 552–559. arXiv:astro-ph/0609369. Bibcode:2007ApJ...656..552B. doi:10.1086/509874.
  6. Johnson, John Asher; et al. (2008). "Measurement of the Spin-Orbit Angle of Exoplanet HAT-P-1b". The Astrophysical Journal. 686 (1): 649–657. arXiv:0806.1734. Bibcode:2008ApJ...686..649J. doi:10.1086/591078.
  7. Bakos, G. Á.; et al. (2007). "HD 147506b: A Supermassive Planet in an Eccentric Orbit Transiting a Bright Star". The Astrophysical Journal. 670 (1): 826–832. arXiv:0705.0126. Bibcode:2007ApJ...670..826B. doi:10.1086/521866.
  8. Torres, G.; et al. (2007). "HAT-P-3b: A Heavy-Element-rich Planet Transiting a K Dwarf Star". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 666 (2): L121–L124. arXiv:0707.4268. Bibcode:2007ApJ...666L.121T. doi:10.1086/521792.
  9. Kovács, G.; et al. (2007). "HAT-P-4b: A Metal-rich Low-Density Transiting Hot Jupiter". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 670 (1): L41–L44. arXiv:0710.0602. Bibcode:2007ApJ...670L..41K. doi:10.1086/524058.
  10. Bakos, G. Á.; et al. (2007). "HAT-P-5b: A Jupiter-like Hot Jupiter Transiting a Bright Star". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 671 (2): L173–L176. arXiv:0710.1841. Bibcode:2007ApJ...671L.173B. doi:10.1086/525022.
  11. Noyes, R. W.; et al. (2008). "HAT-P-6b: A Hot Jupiter Transiting a Bright F Star". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 673 (1): L79–L82. arXiv:0710.2894. Bibcode:2008ApJ...673L..79N. doi:10.1086/527358.
  12. Pál, A.; et al. (2008). "HAT-P-7b: An Extremely Hot Massive Planet Transiting a Bright Star in the Kepler Field". The Astrophysical Journal. 680 (2): 1450–1456. arXiv:0803.0746. Bibcode:2008ApJ...680.1450P. doi:10.1086/588010.
  13. Latham, David W.; et al. (2009). "Discovery of a Transiting Planet and Eight Eclipsing Binaries in HATNet Field G205". The Astrophysical Journal. 704 (2): 1107–1119. arXiv:0812.1161. Bibcode:2009ApJ...704.1107L. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/704/2/1107.
  14. Shporer, Avi; et al. (2009). "HAT-P-9b: A Low-Density Planet Transiting a Moderately Faint F Star". The Astrophysical Journal. 690 (2): 1393–1400. arXiv:0806.4008. Bibcode:2009ApJ...690.1393S. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/690/2/1393.
  15. Bakos, G. Á.; et al. (2009). "HAT-P-10b: A Light and Moderately Hot Jupiter Transiting A K Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal. 696 (2): 1950–1955. arXiv:0809.4295. Bibcode:2009ApJ...696.1950B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/696/2/1950.
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