Fuxing (train)

Fuxing (Rejuvenation) / CR series
CR400AF-2001 departing Beijing South Railway Station as G123.
In service August 15, 2016 – Present
Manufacturer CRRC Qingdao Sifang
CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles
CRRC Tangshan Railway Vehicle
Formation CR400AF/BF: 8 cars/trainset (4M4T)[1]
CR400AF–A/BF–A: 16 cars/trainset (8M8T)
Capacity CR400AF/BF: 556 or 576
CR400AF–A/BF–A: 1193
Operator(s) China Railway Corporation
Line(s) served Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway
Beijing–Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong high-speed railway
Beijing–Tianjin intercity railway
(2022) Thailand Bangkok–Nakhon Ratchasima high-speed railway
Specifications
Train length CR400AF: 209 m (685 ft 8 in)[1]
CR400AF–A: 414 m (1,358 ft 3 in)
CR400BF: 209.06 m (685 ft 11 in)
CR400BF–A: 414.26 m (1,359 ft 1 in)
Width 3,360 mm (11 ft 0 in)[1]
Height 4,050 mm (13 ft 3 in)[1]
Platform height 1,250 mm (4 ft 1.2 in)
Maximum speed 350 km/h (217 mph) (operation)
420 km/h (261 mph) (test)[2][3]
Axle load <17t[1]
Power supply Overhead catenary
Electric system(s) 25 kV 50 Hz AC
Fuxing
Simplified Chinese 复兴号
Traditional Chinese 復興號
Literal meaning Rejuvenation
Alternative Chinese name
Simplified Chinese 中国标准动车组
Traditional Chinese 中國標準動車組
Literal meaning China Standardized EMU

Fuxing (Chinese: 复兴号) is a series of electric multiple unit high-speed trains operated by China Railway Corporation and developed by CRRC, which owns the independent intellectual property rights.[4][5] Initially known as the China Standardized EMU, development on the project started in 2012, and the design plan was finished in September 2014. The first EMU rolled off the production line on 30 June 2015.[6][7] The series received its current designation of Fuxing in June 2017, with nicknames such as "Blue/Red Dolphin" (CR400AF) and "Golden Phoenix" (CR400BF) for certain units.[2]

History

Background

In 2007, China's Ministry of Railways draft a plan for China's future high-speed network. Bombardier Transportation, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Alstom and later Siemens joined the high-speed train manufacture project that later known as Hexie (simplified Chinese: 和谐号; traditional Chinese: 和諧號; pinyin: Héxié Hào; literally: "Harmony"). Forming joint-venture with Chinese company CNR and CSR, four foreign companies signed agreement with China to manufacture high-speed trains for China as well as provide assistance for Chinese company to manufacture train cars locally in the future.

Some of the Hexie (Harmony) train sets are manufactured locally through technology transfer, a key requirement for China. The signalling, track and support structures, control software, and station design are developed domestically with foreign elements as well. By 2010, the track system as a whole is predominantly Chinese.[8] China currently holds many new patents related to the internal components of these trains, re-designed in China to allow the trains to run at higher speeds than the foreign designs allowed.

However, most of Hexie (Harmony)'s patents are only valid within China, and as such hold no international power. The weakness of intellectual property of Hexie causes obstacles for China to export its high-speed rail related technology, which leads to the development of the completely redesigned train brand called Fuxing (simplified Chinese: 复兴号; traditional Chinese: 復興號; pinyin: Fùxīng Hào; literally: "Rejuvenation") that is based on local technologies.[8][9][10][11]

Development

Started in 2012, CNR Changchun Railway Vehicles (now CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles), under the guidance of China Railway Corporation, with the collection of enterprises, universities, and research institutes, carried out the development of China Standardized EMU. In December 2013, CRRC Changchun completed developing the general technical conditions for EMUs, and completed the plan design in September 2014.[1][12] The EMU was rolled off the production line on 30 June 2015.[6]

According to the arrangement for the China Standardized EMU research and development work, the EMUs will receive 600,000-km experimental verification and optimization.[12] They started to experimental work at National Railway Test Center of China Academy of Railway in Beijing after they rolled off, and they were tested at up to 160 km/h.[13][3]

On 18 November 2015, the China Standardized EMU hit a speed of 385 km/h and passed the high speed test on Datong–Xi'an Passenger Railway. The EMU was tested under complicated conditions, including on bridges, in tunnels, and on slopes and turns.[7][14]

On 15 July 2016, the two China Standardized EMUs in opposite directions passed each other at 420 km/h (relative speed to one another of 840 km/h) during test runs on Zhengzhou–Xuzhou High-Speed Railway.[2][3]

Commercialization

Fuxing begins its operation on Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway since 28 June 2017. Train G155 by Shanghai-based CR400BF from Beijing South Railway Station arrives at Shanghai Hongqiao Railway Station

On 15 August 2016, the China Standardized EMU has started operation on Harbin–Dalian High-Speed Railway. The train was running as Train No. G8041 departed from Dalian North Railway Station to Shenyang Railway Station.[3][15]

From the end of 2016 to the beginning of 2017, several subsidiaries of CRRC gained licences from the National Railway Administration to produce the rolling stocks.[16][17][18]

The China Standardized EMU started its experimental long haul service on Beijing–Hong Kong High-Speed Railway on 25 February 2017.

Designation

Unlike the previous rolling stocks, the vehicles of the newly minted EMU do not bear the marks of "和谐号" or "CRH" (but CRH-0305 was an exception), on 25 June 2017, their designation "Fuxing (Rejuvenation)" was published.[4]

On 26 June 2017, the CR400AF departed from the Beijing South Railway Station, traveling toward Shanghai, while the CR400BF also left Shanghai Hongqiao Railway Station bound for Beijing at the same time. It marks the China Standardized EMU started operation formally, being borne Rejuvenation.[19]

Specifications and technical features

A 8 car Fuxing set is 209m long, 3360mm wide and 4060mm high. It has an axleload of less than 17 tonnes. The train can carry 556 passengers, with 10 in business class, 28 in first class, and 518 in second class.[3] The train also reduces energy consumption, and adopts a standard parts design. It also has reinforced safety features compared with other EMUs.[15] In July 2018, 415 meter long 16 car Fuxing sets started operating. These sets can carry 1,193 passengers and will first start operating on the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway.[20]

The spacing of seats of Fuxing (Rejuvenation) is larger than Hexie (Harmony), with the first class at 1160 mm and the second class 1020 mm. It also provides Wi-Fi access.[1]

Variants

All variants of Fuxing train are compatible. The EMU models shares the same standard required by China Railway Corporation, hence the name China Standardized EMU.

CRH-0207 (now CR400AF-0207)
Prototype of CR400AF developed by CRRC Qingdao Sifang.
CRH-0503 (now CR400BF-0503)
Prototype of CR400BF developed by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles.
CR400AF
One of two production model with standard maximum speed of 400km/h. It is manufactured by CRRC Qingdao Sifang.
CR400AF–A
16-car version.[21] It is manufactured by CRRC Qingdao Sifang.
CR400AF–E
9-car version manufactured by CRRC Qingdao Sifang.
CR400BF
One of two production model with standard maximum speed of 400km/h. It is manufactured by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles.
CR400BF–A
16-car version.[21] It is manufactured by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles.
CR400BF–B
17-car version. It is manufactured by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles.
Train type Car dimensions Total length Top speed Seating capacity Formation Power output
(under 25 kV)		 Entry into Service
CR400AF/AF–A/AF–E
CR400AF End cars length: 27,910 mm (91 ft 7 in)
Inter cars length: 25,650 mm (84 ft 2 in)
Width: 3,360 mm (11 ft 0 in)
Height: 4,050 mm (13 ft 3 in)		 Calculated: 209.72 m (688 ft 1 in)
Real: 209 m (685 ft 8 in)		 Test: 420 km/h (260 mph)
Design: 430 km/h (270 mph)
Continuous operation: 400 km/h (250 mph)
Current operation: 350 km/h (220 mph)		 556: 10 business, 28 first and 518 standard
576: 10 business, 28 first and 538 standard		 4M4T 10.4 MW (13,900 hp) August 15, 2016
CR400AF–A Calculated: 414.92 m (1,361 ft 3 in)
Real: 414 m (1,358 ft 3 in)		 1193: 22 business, 148 first and 1023 standard 8M8T 19.2 MW (25,700 hp) June 16, 2018
CR400AF–E Calculated: 235.37 m (772 ft 3 in)
Real: ?		 Under testing
CR400BF/BF–A/BF–B
CR400BF End cars length: 27,089 mm (88 ft 10.5 in)
Inter cars length: 25,650 mm (84 ft 2 in)
Width: 3,360 mm (11 ft 0 in)
Height: 4,050 mm (13 ft 3 in)		 Calculated: 208.078 m (682 ft 8.0 in)
Real: 209.06 m (685 ft 11 in)		 Test: 420 km/h (260 mph)
Design: 430 km/h (270 mph)
Continuous operation: 400 km/h (250 mph)
Current operation: 350 km/h (220 mph)		 556: 10 business, 28 first and 518 standard
576: 10 business, 28 first and 538 standard		 4M4T 10.14 MW (13,600 hp) August 15, 2016
CR400BF–A Calculated: 413.278 m (1,355 ft 10.8 in)
Real: 414.3 m (1,359 ft 3 in)		 1193: 22 business, 148 first and 1023 standard 8M8T 20.28 MW (27,200 hp) June 12, 2018
CR400BF–B Calculated: 438.928 m (1,440 ft 0.6 in)
Real: 438.928 m (1,440 ft 0.6 in)		 1283: 22 business, 148 first and 1113 standard 8M9T N/A

Mechanical issues

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ""中国标准"动车组正式下线 时速350公里". ifeng.com. June 30, 2015.
  2. 1 2 3 "Chinese bullet trains cross in historic first". Xinhua. July 15, 2016.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "China's Standard high-speed EMU enters service". International Railway Journal. August 15, 2016.
  4. 1 2 中国标准动车组命名"复兴号". Xinhua News Agency. 25 Jun 2017.
  5. ↑ "China launches its first self-developed bullet train 'Fuxing' as Beijing eyes global high-speed rail market". Daily Mail. June 26, 2017.
  6. 1 2 "350km/h China Standard EMU Rolled Off the Line". China Railway. June 30, 2015.
  7. 1 2 "China EMU train linking Datong and Xi'an passes high speed test". Xinhua. November 18, 2015.
  8. 1 2 Shirouzu, Norihiko (2010-11-17). "Train Makers Rail Against China's High-Speed Designs". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2012-12-26.
  9. ↑ Wines, Michael; Bradsher, Keith (2011-02-17). "China Rail Chief's Firing Hints at Trouble". The New York Times. Retrieved 2012-12-27. Many multinational companies also resent China for tweaking foreign designs and building the equipment itself rather than importing it.
  10. ↑ Johnson, Ian (2011-06-13). "High-Speed Trains in China to Run Slower, Ministry Says". The New York Times. Retrieved 2012-12-27. In the past few months, some foreign companies that sold China its high-speed technology said the trains were not designed to operate at 215 miles per hour. The ministry said that Chinese engineers had improved on the foreign technology and that the trains were safe at the higher speeds.
  11. ↑ Xin, Dingding (2011-06-28). "Full steam ahead for high-speed rail patents overseas". China Daily. Retrieved 2012-12-27.
  12. 1 2 ""CNR Changchun-made" Chinese-standard EMU Rolled Off the Production Line". Jilin Daily. July 6, 2015.
  13. ↑ "Chinese Standard Debuts New Speed of 350 km/h". People's Daily Online. July 1, 2015.
  14. ↑ "Chinese high-speed train passes speed test at 385 kph". Xinhua. November 19, 2015.
  15. 1 2 "China Standardized EMUs start operation". CRRC. August 18, 2016.
  16. ↑ 国家铁路局行政许可决定书（国铁许准字〔2016〕第720号）. www.nra.gov.cn. Retrieved 2017-06-25.
  17. ↑ 国家铁路局行政许可决定书（国铁许准字〔2016〕第722号）. www.nra.gov.cn. Retrieved 2017-06-25.
  18. ↑ 国家铁路局行政许可决定书（国铁许准字〔2017〕第079号）. www.nra.gov.cn. Retrieved 2017-06-25.
  19. ↑ Zhao, Li. "New bullet trains to depart on Monday". China Daily. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  20. ↑ "Longest high-speed trains go into service - SHINE". SHINE. Retrieved 2018-07-07.
  21. 1 2 加长版复兴号下月京沪间开跑
  22. ↑ Bingyang, Lu (February 8, 2018). "G89次复兴号首次入川遇故障 乘客西安临时换车". Sina.com. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
  23. ↑ "复兴号晚点暴露出的问题". people.com.cn. June 28, 2018. Retrieved July 13, 2018.
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