Armenians in Israel

Armenians in Israel
Total population
3,000[1]–10,000[2]
Regions with significant populations
Religion
Armenian Apostolic Church
Armenian Catholic Church
Armenian Evangelical Church
Judaism
Related ethnic groups
Armenians
Armenian quarter in the Old City of Jerusalem
Armenian ceramicist in the Old City of Jerusalem
Armenian ceramics in Jerusalem

Armenians in Israel are Armenians living in Israel, some of whom hold Israeli citizenship.

In 1986, it was estimated that 1,500 Armenians lived in the city of Jerusalem.[3] According to a 2006 survey, 790 Armenians lived in Jerusalem's Old City.[4] In 2015, the Times of Israel published an article, with an estimate of up to 10,000 Armenians living across Israel.[2]

History

4th-18th century

A significant minority of the Armenian community has been resident in the Levant for centuries. The first recorded Armenian pilgrimage to the Holy Land was an Armenian delegation of priests in the early 4th century AD. The visit is alluded to in an Armenian translation of a Greek letter written by Patriarch Macarius of Jerusalem to his contemporary, St. Vrtanes (ruled 333–341).[5]

The Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem was founded in 638.[6] It is located in the Armenian Quarter, the smallest quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem.

Ottoman and British periods

Photographers

Starting in the 1850s Armenians became dominant among Palestine's photographers.[7] The central figure in this development was the leading cleric Esayee Garabedian, who were to become Armenian Patriarch of Jerusalem in 1864-65, and who started photographing in 1857[8] and established a photography workshop within the St. James monastic compound. There he set up a school for photography, Garabed Krikorian (1847-1920) and his brother Kevork counting among his students.[8][7] Other 19th-century Armenian photographers from Jerusalem are J. H. Halladjian, M. Mardikian and Yusuf Toumaian. After the Armenian Genocide other photographers joined them, including Hrnat Nakashian and Elia Kahvedjian.

Garabed Krikorian opened a photography workshop on Jaffa Road in the 1870s and became himself a teacher, one of his students being Khalil Raad, known as "Palestine's first Arab photographer".[9][10]

Elia Kahvedjian (1910-1999), a refugee of the Armenian genocide, was one of the leading photographers in Jerusalem at the beginning of the 20th century.[11]

Ceramicists

Further information: Armenian tile makers and potters in Israel

Many Armenians from Kütahya, a city in Turkey, were known for their hand-painted ceramic wares and tiles. In 1919, several master craftsmen were brought to Jerusalem to renovate the tiles covering the facade of the Dome of the Rock. They remained in Jerusalem and developed the art of Armenian ceramics.[12]

Israeli period

1948-1967

After the 1948 Arab–Israeli War and the establishment of the State of Israel, a number of Armenians residing in what had been the British Mandate of Palestine took up Israeli citizenship, whereas other Armenian residents of Old City of Jerusalem and the territory captured by Jordan received Jordanian nationality.. Two groups of Armenians emerged: Armenians with Israeli citizenship living within the borders of the state and Armenians with Jordanian nationality in Jerusalem's Armenian Quarter and the rest of Jordanian West Bank.

After 1967

After the 1967 Six-Day War, the Armenian population, especially in East Jerusalem and the West Bank, experienced a decrease in its numbers because of emigration. Armenians of Jerusalem were provided with Israeli resident status and some applied for citizenship.

In 1983, tensions arose within the Armenian Quarter of Jerusalem, when Patriarch Yeshighe Derderian replaced Archbishop Shahe Ajamian.[3] Violence erupted in June 1986, when a group of Armenian Patriarch Derderian's supporters attacked another Armenian family, which was well known for its anti-Patriarch views and as a result one man was killed and six others were injured in a street battle that church representatives dubbed "a fight between two families."[3]

Demographics

In 1986, it was estimated that 1,500 Armenians lived in the city of Jerusalem.[3] According to a 2006 survey, 790 Armenians lived in Jerusalem's Old City.[13] In 2015, the Times of Israel published an article, with an estimate of up to 10,000 Armenians living across Israel.[2]

Religion

The overwhelming majority of Armenians in Israel are Armenian Orthodox Christians, but there are also a small number of Armenian Catholics and Armenian Evangelicals. The Armenian Orthodox remain under the jurisdiction of the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem and the residing Patriarch under the auspices of Armenian Apostolic Church (See of Holy Echmiadzin), whereas the Armenian Catholics are under the jurisdiction of the Armenian Catholic Church and Patriarchal Vicar (residing at Via Dolorosa 41 - Fourth Station).

The Churches belonging to the Armenian Apostolic Church are amongst others St. Elias Church in Haifa and Saint Nicholas Church in Jaffa. Armenian-Israelis also pray in St. James Cathedral (Sourpotz Hagopyants) at the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem, at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem (under joint jurisdiction of Armenian Church with other Christian churches) and the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem (again under joint jurisdiction of the Armenian Church and other Christian churches). The Armenian Church also has the St. George Monastery in Ramleh. Armenians in Israel and the West Bank celebrate Christmas and the Epiphany on the same day, which is traditionally on January 24, while Armenian Orthodox communities in Armenia and worldwide celebrate on January 6. This is because the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem still abides by the ancient Julian calendar, whereas the Armenian Apostolic Church has adopted the newer Gregorian calendar. Armenian Catholics, Evangelical and Brethren churches in Israel celebrate Christmas on December 25, in line with all other Catholics of the Roman Catholic Church as well as other fellow Protestants.

Language and culture

The Institute of African and Asian Studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem established a chair of Armenian Studies program, specializing in study of Armenian language, literature, history and culture as well as the Armenian Genocide. There are a few Russian-speaking Jews from Armenia in Israel, but they are classified within the former USSR Aliyah so no precise statistics are available prior to 1991 when Armenia restored its independence from the USSR.

Armenia–Israel relations

The Republic of Armenia maintains diplomatic relations with Israel. According to the CIA World Factbook, Armenia receives 4.8% of its imports from Israel, while Israel receives 7.1% of Armenia's exports.[14] Although both countries have diplomatic relations, neither maintains an embassy in the other country. Instead, Ambassador Ehud Moshe Eytam, the Israeli ambassador to Armenia is based in Tbilisi, Georgia, and visits Yerevan twice a month. In Jerusalem Tsolag Momjian is the honorary consul.

Since Armenia's independence, Israeli politicians, rabbis, and the country's Armenian community have called on the Israeli government to recognize the Armenian Genocide. At the same time, Turkey has threatened to break off ties with Israel if Israel or the United States recognized the killings as genocide.[15] As of 2008, there has been an ongoing debate regarding recognition in the Knesset with Turkey lobbying hard to prevent it.[16] According to The Jerusalem Post, many Israelis support recognition.[17]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Armenian Population in the World". Archived from the original on 2013-05-11.
  2. 1 2 3 Citing Holocaust, Israeli Armenians demand genocide recognition
  3. 1 2 3 4
  4. ↑ "Jerusalem The Old City The Urban Fabric and Geopolitical Implications" (PDF). International Peace and Cooperation Center. 2009. p. 43. ISBN 965-7283-16-7. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
  5. ↑ A Centuries-Old Presence in the Holy Land
  6. ↑ "Jerusalem The Old City The Urban Fabric and Geopolitical Implications" (PDF). International Peace and Cooperation Center. 2009. p. 43. ISBN 965-7283-16-7. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
  7. 1 2 Gannit Ankori (2006). Palestinian Art (1st, paperback ed.). Reaktion Books. p. 36. ISBN 9781861892591.
  8. 1 2 Luminous-Lint. Photography: History, Evolution and Analysis
  9. ↑ Badr al-Hajj (Winter 2001). "Khalil Raad - Jerusalem Photographer". Jerusalem Quarterly. Institute of Jerusalem Studies. 11–12: 34.
  10. ↑ Palmquist, Peter E.; Rudisill, Richard; Haynes, David; Sandweiss, Martha A. (2001). Photographers: A Sourcebook for Historical Research (2nd, revised ed.). Carl Mautz Publishing. p. 107. ISBN 9781887694186.
  11. ↑ The finest photographs of early 20th century Palestine, shuttered in controversy, Haaretz
  12. ↑ Armenian Pottery and the Karakashians
  13. ↑ "Jerusalem The Old City The Urban Fabric and Geopolitical Implications" (PDF). International Peace and Cooperation Center. 2009. p. 43. ISBN 965-7283-16-7. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
  14. ↑ CIA World Factbook: Armenia
  15. ↑ "Israel expresses concern over Turkish-Armenian massacre dispute". The Associated Press. 2007-10-11. Retrieved 2008-02-02.
  16. ↑ "A Turkey-Armenia reconciliation?". Los Angeles Times. 2008-04-25. Archived from the original on 30 April 2008. Retrieved 2008-04-25.
  17. ↑ David Smith (2008-04-25). "Armenia's "Christian holocaust"". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 2008-04-25.
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