証

See also: 证 and 證

証	U+8A3C, 証 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A3C

← 註
[U+8A3B]

CJK Unified Ideographs

訽 →
[U+8A3D]

Translingual

Traditional	證
Shinjitai	証
Simplified	证

Han character

証 (radical 149, 言+5, 12 strokes, cangjie input 卜口一卜一 (YRMYM), four-corner 0161₁, composition ⿰言正)

References

KangXi: page 1152, character 27

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35341

Dae Jaweon: page 1619, character 16

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3951, character 17

Unihan data for U+8A3C

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (正) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
綻	*rdeːns
淀	*deːns
靛	*deːns
症	*tjɯŋs
竀	rtʰeːŋ, tʰeŋ
征	*tjeŋ
怔	*tjeŋ
正	tjeŋ, tjeŋs
鉦	*tjeŋ
鴊	tjeŋ, tjeŋs
眐	*tjeŋ
佂	*tjeŋ
整	*tjeŋʔ
政	*tjeŋs
証	*tjeŋs
定	teːŋs, deːŋs
顁	*teːŋs
錠	teːŋs, deːŋʔ, *deːŋs
掟	*deːŋs

Etymology 1

For pronunciation and definitions of 証 – see 證 (“to prove; to testify; to verify; proof; evidence”). (This character, 証, is the former (1969–1976) Singaporean simplified and variant form of 證.)
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 2

trad.		証
simp.		证^*

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhèng (zheng⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zing³
Min Nan (POJ): chèng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: zhèng
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄥˋ
  - Wade–Giles: chêng⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jenq
  - IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zing³
  - Yale: jing
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzing³
  - Guangdong Romanization: jing³
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪŋ³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chèng
  - Tâi-lô: tsìng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zexng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕiɪŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiɪŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕiɪŋ¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiɪŋ²¹/

Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕiᴇŋ^H/▼

Rime
Character	証
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	清 (121)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	之盛切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiᴇŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiɛŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕiæŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ciajŋ^H/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiɛŋ^H/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭɛŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ɛŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhèng

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*teŋ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*tjeŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	証
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhèng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyeng^H ›
Old Chinese	/*teŋ-s/
English	remonstrate
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	証
Reading #	1/1
No.	17179
Phonetic component	正
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	政
Old Chinese	/*tjeŋs/

Definitions

証

(literary) to admonish

References

Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03806

Japanese

Shinjitai	証
Kyūjitai	證

Kanji

証

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 證)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)^{←しやう (syau, historical)}
Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō); せい (sei)
Kun: あかし (akashi, 証し); あかし (akashi, 証)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
証
あかし Grade: 5
kun’yomi

Noun

証 (hiragana あかし, rōmaji akashi)

proof, evidence, testimony
友 (ゆう)情 (じょう)の証 (あかし)
yūjō no akashi
symbol of friendship

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
証
しょう Grade: 5
on’yomi

Noun

証 (hiragana しょう, rōmaji shō)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Korean

Hanja

証 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

証 (chứng, chống, chững, chừng)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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