杜

杜 U+675C, 杜
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-675C
← 杛
[U+675B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 杝 →
[U+675D]

Translingual

Han character

杜 (radical 75, 木+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 木土 (DG), four-corner 44910, composition ⿰木土)

References
  • KangXi: page 512, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14477
  • Dae Jaweon: page 897, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1157, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+675C

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 杜

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
社 *ɦljaːʔ
肚 *ʔl'aːʔ, *l'aːʔ
土 *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l'aːʔ
吐 *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l̥ʰaːs
芏 *l̥ʰaːʔ
杜 *l'aːʔ
靯 *l'aːʔ
荰 *l'aːʔ

Pronunciation
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 杜
Mandarin Beijing /tu⁵¹/
Harbin /tu⁵³/
Tianjin /tu⁵³/
Jinan /tu²/
Qingdao /tu⁴²/
Zhengzhou /tu³¹²/
Xi'an /tu⁴⁴/
Xining /tv̩²¹³/
Yinchuan /tu¹³/
Lanzhou /tu¹³/
Ürümqi /tu²¹³/
Wuhan /təu³⁵/
Chengdu /tu¹³/
Guiyang /tu²¹³/
Kunming /tu²¹²/
Nanjing /tu⁴⁴/
Hefei /tu⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /tu⁴⁵/
Pingyao /tu³⁵/
Hohhot /tu⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /zo²³/
Suzhou /dəu³¹/
Hangzhou /du¹³/
Wenzhou /døy³⁵/
Hui Shexian /tʰu²²/
Tunxi /təu²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /təu⁵⁵/
/təu¹¹/
Xiangtan /təɯ⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /tʰu²¹/
Hakka Meixian /tʰu⁵³/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /tou²²/
Nanning /tu²²/
Hong Kong /tou²²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /tɔ²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /tou²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /tu⁴⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /tou³⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ʔdu³³/ ～絕
/ʔdu³⁵/ 姓
Rime
Character 杜
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徒古切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /duoX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /duoX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /doX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /dɔX/
Li
Rong		 /doX/
Wang
Li		 /duX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /dʱuoX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 dù
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 杜
Reading # 1/1
No. 12505
Phonetic
component		 土
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 杜
Old
Chinese		 /*l'aːʔ/

Definitions

杜

  1. birch-leaved pear (Pyrus betulifolia)
  2. acerb
  3. root
  4. to sever
  5. to reject; to stop; to prevent; to restrict
  6. to flush
  7. wide
  8. Asarum forbesii
  9. a state in modern Shaanxi
  10. A surname​.

Compounds
  • 召父杜母
  • 小杜
  • 慎防杜漸／慎防杜渐
  • 憑空杜撰／凭空杜撰
  • 房杜姚宋
  • 房謀杜斷／房谋杜断
  • 有杕之杜
  • 李杜 (Lǐ-Dù)
  • 杕杜
  • 杜口 (dùkǒu)
  • 杜口吞聲／杜口吞声
  • 杜口無言／杜口无言
  • 杜口結舌／杜口结舌
  • 杜口絕舌／杜口绝舌
  • 杜口絕言／杜口绝言
  • 杜口裹足
  • 杜塞
  • 杜宇 (dùyǔ)
  • 杜山 (Dùshān)
  • 杜工部
  • 杜康 (dùkāng)
  • 杜弊
  • 杜微慎防
  • 杜撰 (dùzhuàn)
  • 杜漸防微／杜渐防微
  • 杜漸防萌／杜渐防萌
  • 杜漸除微／杜渐除微
  • 杜皮 (Dùpí)
  • 杜絕／杜绝 (dùjué)
  • 杜絕後患／杜绝后患
  • 杜茅柴
  • 杜蘅
  • 杜諫／杜谏
  • 杜郵之戮／杜邮之戮
  • 杜門／杜门
  • 杜門不出／杜门不出
  • 杜門卻掃／杜门却扫
  • 杜門屏跡／杜门屏迹
  • 杜門晦跡／杜门晦迹
  • 杜門株守／杜门株守
  • 杜門自絕／杜门自绝
  • 杜門謝客／杜门谢客
  • 杜陵 (Dùlíng)
  • 杜鵑／杜鹃 (dùjuān)
  • 杜鵑啼血／杜鹃啼血
  • 杜鵑窩／杜鹃窝
  • 杜鵑花／杜鹃花 (dùjuānhuā)
  • 柅杜
  • 結舌杜口／结舌杜口
  • 老杜
  • 臺灣杜鵑／台湾杜鹃
  • 萬那杜／万那杜 (Wànnàdù)
  • 蘅杜
  • 防微杜漸／防微杜渐
  • 防萌杜漸／防萌杜渐
  • 韋杜／韦杜

Japanese

Kanji
杜

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. careless
  2. woods; grove
  3. Chinese family name "Du"

Readings

Compounds

Derived terms
  • 杜撰脱漏 (ずさんだつろう) (zusandatsurō): careless (slipshod) and with many omissions
  • 杜 (もり)の都 (みやこ) (mori no miyako): lit. City of Trees. Nickname for Sendai, Japan
  • 鎮 (ちん)守 (じゅ)の杜 (もり) (chinju no mori): grove of the village shrine

Synonyms

Noun

杜 (hiragana やまなし, rōmaji yamanashi)

  1. Wild Japanese pear or mountain pear

Proper noun

杜 (hiragana と, rōmaji To)

  1. Du Fu, Chinese poet

Korean

Hanja

杜 • (du) (hangeul 두, revised du, McCune–Reischauer tu, Yale twu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

杜: Hán Việt readings: đỗ (動(động)五(ngũ)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4], đổ[5]
杜: Nôm readings: đỗ[1][2][3][4][5][6], đậu[3][7][4][5][6], đổ[2][3][7], dỏ[4][5][6], đũa[1][3], đỏ[3][7], dỗ[1], đủ[1], giỗ[1], rổ[1], trỗ[1]

  1. Hán tự form of Đỗ (“surname”).

References
  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Bonet (1899).
  5. Génibrel (1898).
  6. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
  7. Hồ (1976).
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