暮らす

Japanese
Kanji in this term
暮
く
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Verb

暮らす (transitive and intransitive, godan conjugation, hiragana くらす, rōmaji kurasu)

Japanese verb pair
active 暮らす
mediopassive 暮れる
  1. (transitive) to spend (the daytime of one day)
    一日 (いちにち)を読書 (どくしょ)で暮 (く)らす
    ichinichi o dokusho de kurasu
    He spends a whole day reading.
  2. (transitive) to spend (a long time, longer than one day)
    余 (よ)生 (せい)は郷 (きょう)里 (り)で暮 (く)らしたい
    yosei wa kyōri dekurashitai
    I want to spend the rest of my life in my hometown.
  3. (intransitive) live, lead a life, get on
    少 (すく)ない収 (しゅう)入 (にゅう)でなんとか暮 (く)らしている
    sukunai shūnyū de nantoka kurashite iru
    I managed to live on with a low income.
  4. Continuative form of verb + 暮らす: to spend a whole day doing
    泣 (な)き暮 (く)らす
    naki kurasu
    to spend a whole day weeping

Conjugation
Conjugation of "暮らす" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 暮らさ くらさ kurasa
Continuative (連用形) 暮らし くらし kurashi
Terminal (終止形) 暮らす くらす kurasu
Attributive (連体形) 暮らす くらす kurasu
Hypothetical (仮定形) 暮らせ くらせ kurase
Imperative (命令形) 暮らせ くらせ kurase
Key constructions
Passive 暮らされる くらされる kurasareru
Causative 暮らさせる
暮らさす		 くらさせる
くらさす		 kurasaseru
kurasasu
Potential 暮らせる くらせる kuraseru
Volitional 暮らそう くらそう kurasō
Negative 暮らさない くらさない kurasanai
Negative continuative 暮らさず くらさず kurasazu
Formal 暮らします くらします kurashimasu
Perfective 暮らした くらした kurashita
Conjunctive 暮らして くらして kurashite
Hypothetical conditional 暮らせば くらせば kuraseba
Classical conjugation of "暮らす" (サ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 暮らさくらさkurasa
Continuative (連用形) 暮らしくらしkurasi
Terminal (終止形) 暮らすくらすkurasu
Attributive (連体形) 暮らすくらすkurasu
Realis (已然形) 暮らせくらせkurase
Imperative (命令形) 暮らせくらせkurase
Key constructions
Negative 暮らさずくらさずkurasazu
Contrasting conjunction 暮らせどくらせどkurasedo
Causal conjunction 暮らせばくらせばkuraseba
Conditional conjunction 暮らさばくらさばkurasaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 暮らしきくらしきkurasiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 暮らしけりくらしけりkurasikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 暮らしつくらしつkurasitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 暮らしぬくらしぬkurasinu
Perfect-continuative tense 暮らせり
暮らしたり		くらせり
くらしたり		kuraseri
kurasitari

References
  1. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
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