散る
Japanese
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
---|
散 |
ち Grade: 4 |
kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese.[1] Appears in the Kojiki, completed 712 CE.
Conjugation
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 散ら | ちら | chira |
Continuative (連用形) | 散り | ちり | chiri |
Terminal (終止形) | 散る | ちる | chiru |
Attributive (連体形) | 散る | ちる | chiru |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 散れ | ちれ | chire |
Imperative (命令形) | 散れ | ちれ | chire |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 散られる | ちられる | chirareru |
Causative | 散らせる 散らす |
ちらせる ちらす |
chiraseru chirasu |
Potential | 散れる | ちれる | chireru |
Volitional | 散ろう | ちろう | chirō |
Negative | 散らない | ちらない | chiranai |
Negative continuative | 散らず | ちらず | chirazu |
Formal | 散ります | ちります | chirimasu |
Perfective | 散った | ちった | chitta |
Conjunctive | 散って | ちって | chitte |
Hypothetical conditional | 散れば | ちれば | chireba |
Derived terms
- 散り (chiri), 散 (chiri): (construction) a misalignment between two adjoining surfaces
- 塵 (chiri): dust; trash
- 散らす (chirasu): to scatter or disperse something; to distract or divert attention
- 散らし (chirashi): a flier, a handbill
- 散らし寿司 (chirashizushi): chirashi sushi: sushi topped with various ingredients
- 砕け散る (kudakechiru): to be smashed up, to break to pieces
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
散 |
あ Grade: 4 |
kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese.[1] Appears in the Kojiki, completed 712 CE. Currently obsolete.
Cognate with 荒い (arai, “rough, harsh”), 荒れる (areru, “to become wild, rough, unkempt, dilapidated; to be violent, crazy, wild, disordered”).
Alternative forms
- 離る
Verb
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term |
---|
散 |
あか Grade: 4 |
kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese.[1] Appears in the Kagerō Nikki, dated 974 CE. Currently obsolete.
Plural counterpart to 分かる (wakaru, “one thing separates from another”), implying more a sense of scatter (as of many things). Intransitive counterpart to 散つ (akatsu, “to separate or scatter multiple things”), itself the plural counterpart to 分かつ (wakatsu, “to separate one thing from another”). Compare underlying root verbs aku (明く, 開く, 空く: "to open, to spread, to empty") and waku (分く, 別く: "to split, to divide").
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN