忝

See also: 㤁
忝 U+5FDD, 忝
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FDD
← 応
[U+5FDC] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 忞 →
[U+5FDE]

Translingual

Han character

忝 (radical 61, 心+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 竹大心 (HKP) or 一大心 (MKP), four-corner 20333, composition ⿱天㣺 (GHTKV) or ⿱夭㣺 (J))

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 377, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10348.5
  • Dae Jaweon: page 704, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2279, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5FDD

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 忝
variant forms 㤁 original form

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (天) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
添 *tʰiːm
忝 *l̥ʰiːmʔ, *l̥ʰiːms
悿 *tʰiːmʔ
舔 *l̥ʰiːmʔ
菾 *diːm
天 *qʰl'iːn
吞 *qʰl'iːn, *qʰl'ɯːn
祆 *qʰliːn
蚕 *zluːm, *hl'iːnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l̥ʰiːmʔ, *l̥ʰiːms) : phonetic 天 (OC *qʰl'iːn) + semantic 㣺 (“heart”)

Etymology 1

Pronunciation
Rime
Character 忝 忝
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 透 (6) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 添 (157) 添 (157)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) IV IV
Fanqie 他玷切 他念切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /tʰemX/ /tʰemH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /tʰemX/ /tʰemH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /tʰɛmX/ /tʰɛmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /tʰɛmX/ /tʰɛmH/
Li
Rong		 /tʰemX/ /tʰemH/
Wang
Li		 /tʰiemX/ /tʰiemH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /tʰiemX/ /tʰiemH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 tiǎn tiàn
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 忝 忝
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 tiǎn tiǎn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ themX › ‹ themH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*l̥ˁ[i]mʔ/ /*l̥ˁ[i]mʔ-s/
English disgrace (v.) disgrace

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 忝 忝
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 12382 12385
Phonetic
component		 天 天
Rime
group		 侵 侵
Rime
subdivision		 2 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 忝 㮇
Old
Chinese		 /*l̥ʰiːmʔ/ /*l̥ʰiːms/

Definitions

忝

  1. (literary) to shame
  2. (literary, self-deprecating) ashamedly; with disgrace

Compounds
  • 忝列門牆／忝列门墙
  • 忝在愛末／忝在爱末
  • 忝眷
  • 忝私
  • 忝竊／忝窃
  • 忝累
  • 無忝所生／无忝所生
  • 身名無忝／身名无忝

Etymology 2
simp. and trad.
 忝
variant forms 悿

Pronunciation

Definitions

忝

  1. tired
  2. serious; intense

Compounds
  • 忝頭／忝头 (thiám-thâu)

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 累 (“tired”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 疲倦, 疲乏, 疲累, 疲憊
Mandarin Beijing 累, 乏
Taiwan 累
Jinan 累, 乏
Xi'an 乏, 累
Wuhan 累
Chengdu 累
Yangzhou 累, 痿
Hefei 累
Cantonese Guangzhou 攰
Hong Kong 攰
Yangjiang 攰
Gan Nanchang 累
Hakka Meixian 𤸁
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 𤸁, 悿
Liudui (S. Sixian) 𤸁, 悿
Hsinchu (Hailu) 悿
Dongshi (Dabu) 悿, 𤸁
Hsinchu (Raoping) 悿
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 悿
Huizhou Jixi 吃力
Jin Taiyuan 乏, 累
Min Bei Jian'ou 累, 軟
Min Dong Fuzhou 弱
Min Nan Xiamen 𤺪, 厭
Quanzhou 𤺪, 厭
Zhangzhou 𤺪, 厭
Taipei 𤺪, 忝
Penang 𤺪
Philippines (Manila) 𤺪
Chaozhou 乏
Shantou 乏
Wu Suzhou 吃力
Wenzhou 㾯, 吃力
Xiang Changsha 傫
Shuangfeng 鶴累

References

Japanese

Kanji
忝

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings
  • On (unclassified): てん (ten)
  • Kun: かたじけな (katajikena)

Korean

Hanja

忝 • (cheom) (hangeul 첨, revised cheom, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏm, Yale chem)

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Vietnamese

Han character

忝 (thỏm, thiểm)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References
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