形
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Translingual
Stroke order | |||
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Han character
形 (radical 59, 彡+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 一廿竹竹竹 (MTHHH), four-corner 12422, composition ⿰开彡)
References
- KangXi: page 363, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9969
- Dae Jaweon: page 681, character 25
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 852, character 10
- Unihan data for U+5F62
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
形 | |
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variant forms | 𢒈 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 形 | |
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Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Characters in the same phonetic series (井) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
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Old Chinese | |
硎 | *kʰreːŋ, *ɡeːŋ |
耕 | *kreːŋ |
荊 | *keŋ |
井 | *skeŋʔ |
丼 | *kl'oːmʔ, *skeŋʔ |
妌 | *sɡeŋʔ |
穽 | *sɡeŋʔ, *sɡeŋs |
阱 | *sɡeŋʔ, *sɡeŋs |
汫 | *sɡeːŋʔ |
刑 | *ɡeːŋ |
形 | *ɡeːŋ |
邢 | *ɡeːŋ |
鉶 | *ɡeːŋ |
型 | *ɡeːŋ |
侀 | *ɡeːŋ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 幵 + 彡. In current form 幵 has been simplified to 开.
It may also be interpreted as a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡeːŋ) : phonetic 井 (OC *skeŋʔ) + semantic 彡, if the original character was 𢒈.
Pronunciation
Definitions
形
Compounds
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Japanese
Readings
Compounds
- 形声 (keisei): the phonosemantic formation of a kanji character from elements signifying meaning and elements signifying sound
- 形成 (keisei): formation, shape
- 形而下 (keijika): physical, material
- 形而上 (keijijō): metaphysical
- 形而上学 (keijijōgaku): metaphysics
- 形容詞 (keiyōshi): adjective
- 形容動詞 (keiyōdōshi): (Japanese grammar) adjectival noun, na- adjective
- 形態 (keitai): shape, form
- 形態学 (keitaigaku): (biology) morphology
- 形態論 (keitairon): (linguistics) morphology
- 形体 (keitai): physical shape
- 形相 (gyōsō): a facial expression, a look
- 形相 (keisō): (philosophy) the form, the eidos; the Platonic ideal
- 原形質 (genkeishitsu): protoplasm
Alternative forms
Noun
Etymology 2
Derived from kata above. The kata changes to gata as an instance of rendaku (連濁). Only found in compounds.
Alternative forms
Suffix
形 (hiragana がた, rōmaji -gata)
Usage notes
For a shape, the spelling 形 is more commonly used. For a type, the spelling 型 is more commonly used.
Etymology 3
Derived from 形木 (katagi), itself a compound of 形 (kata, “shape”) + 木 (ki, “tree, wood”), meaning stencil. The ki changes to gi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Noun
形 (hiragana かたぎ, rōmaji katagi)
- social customs, mores
- one's appearance; one's stance or body language
- one's character, disposition, nature
Etymology 4
Unknown. Appears to be /kata/ + /chi/, but the derivation of the /chi/ element is unclear.
Alternative forms
Noun
形 (hiragana かたち, rōmaji katachi)
- shape or form
- form, as opposed to substance
- shapeliness: see 形有り (katachiari)
Etymology 5
From Middle Chinese 形 (heng). Compare modern Mandarin 形 (xíng). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.
Suffix
- (linguistics) grammatical tense
- 過去形
- kakokei
- the past tense
- 将来形
- shōraikei
- the future tense
- 過去形
- (Japanese grammar) a conjugation form of a verb
- 連用形
- ren'yōkei
- the continuative form
- 命令形
- meireikei
- the imperative or command form
- 連用形
Etymology 6
From 成り (nari), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative form”) of the verb 成る (naru, “to become”).
Usage notes
The most common spelling for this use is なり, for all parts of speech.
Noun
- one's clothing and appearance
- one's body shape or form
- one's circumstances or situation
- one's reputation
- following the plain imperfective form (attributive form, 連対形 (rentaikei)) or plain perfective form of a verb, indicates the state of the affixed verb or phrase: compare English just as
- 人々の言うなりになった
- hitobito no iu nari ni natta
- things turned out just as people were saying
- 人々の言うなりになった
- following the plain imperfective form (attributive form, 連対形 (rentaikei)) of an adjective, indicates responding to the affixed adjective: compare English fitting
- 寒ければ寒いなりの厚着をする
- samukereba samui nari no atsugi o suru
- if it's cold, then put on warm clothing / if it's cold, then put on warm clothes for cold weather
- 寒ければ寒いなりの厚着をする
- following the plain imperfective form (attributive form, 連対形 (rentaikei)) of a verb, indicates the moment of the action occurring: compare English as soon as
- 断りを聞くなり泣き出した
- kotowari o kiku nari nakidashita
- she burst into tears as soon as she heard the rejection
- 断りを聞くなり泣き出した
- following a noun, indicates a state fitting or becoming to the affixed noun
- 子供なりに想像する
- kodomo nari ni sōzō suru
- imagine in a way fitting for a child / imagine like a child (implies that the subject is a child)
- 自分なりの判断
- jibun nari no handan
- my own kind of decision / deciding in my own way
- 子供なりに想像する
- following a noun, indicates that shape or form: compare English like
- 弓なりになる
- yumi nari ni naru
- to become bow-shaped / to become like a bow
- 弓なりになる
Suffix
形 (hiragana なり, rōmaji -nari)
- following the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative form”) of a verb, indicates the state of the affixed verb or phrase: compare English just as
- 人々が言いなりになった
- hitobito ga iinari ni natta
- things turned out just as people say
- 人々が言いなりになった
Korean
Hanja
形 • (hyeong) (hangeul 형, McCune–Reischauer hyŏng, Yale hyeng)
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Vietnamese
Han character
形 (hình)
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