古朝鮮

See also: 古朝鲜

Chinese

		ancient; old	Korea; Gojoseon
trad. (古朝鮮)		古	朝鮮
simp. (古朝鲜)		古	朝鲜

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Gǔcháoxiǎn, Gǔcháoxiān, Gǔzhāoxiān

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˇ ㄔㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄢˇ, ㄍㄨˇ ㄔㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄢ, ㄍㄨˇ ㄓㄠㄒㄧㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gu² ciu⁴ sin¹, gu² ziu¹ sin¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Kú-chêu-siên
Min Nan (POJ): Kó͘-tiâu-sián

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Pinyin: Gǔcháoxiǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ ㄔㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄢˇ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Guuchaurshean
  - IPA ^(key): /ku²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
  - Pinyin: Gǔcháoxiān
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ ㄔㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄢ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Guuchaurshian
  - IPA ^(key): /ku²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, etymologically correct variant, obsolete and literary)⁺
  - Pinyin: Gǔzhāoxiān
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ ㄓㄠㄒㄧㄢ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Guujaushian
  - IPA ^(key): /ku²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gu² ciu⁴ sin¹, gu² ziu¹ sin¹
  - Yale: gú chìuh sīn, gú jīu sīn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gu² tsiu⁴ sin¹, gu² dziu¹ sin¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gu² qiu⁴ xin¹, gu² jiu¹ xin¹
  - IPA ^(key): /kuː³⁵ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ siːn⁵⁵/, /kuː³⁵ t͡siːu̯⁵⁵ siːn⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Kú-chêu-siên
  - Hakka Romanization System: gu` zeu´ xien´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gu³ zeu¹ xian¹
  - IPA: /ku³¹ t͡seu̯²⁴⁻¹¹ ɕi̯en²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kó͘-tiâu-sián
  - Tâi-lô: Kóo-tiâu-sián
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kofdiausiern
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiaʊ²⁴⁻²² ɕiɛn⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiaʊ²⁴⁻²² ɕiɛn⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiaʊ¹³⁻²² ɕiɛn⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiaʊ²⁴⁻¹¹ ɕiɛn⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiaʊ²³⁻³³ ɕiɛn⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: /kuo^X ʈˠiᴇu siᴇn/▼

Rime
Character	古	朝	鮮
Reading #	1/1	1/2	1/3
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	知 (9)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	宵 (92)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	Chongniu III	III
Fanqie	公戸切	陟遙切	相然切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuo^X/	/ʈˠiᴇu/	/siᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/kuo^X/	/ʈᵚiɛu/	/siɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/ko^X/	/ȶiæu/	/sjæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɔ^X/	/ʈiaw/	/sian/
Li Rong	/ko^X/	/ȶjɛu/	/siɛn/
Wang Li	/ku^X/	/ȶĭɛu/	/sĭɛn/
Bernard Karlgren	/kuo^X/	/ȶi̯ɛu/	/si̯ɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gǔ	zhāo	xiān

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤaʔ t<r>aw [s][a]r/

(Zhengzhang): /*kaːʔ r'ew sen/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	古	朝	鮮
Reading #	1/1	2/2	1/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gǔ	zhāo	xiān
Middle Chinese	‹ ku^X ›	‹ trjew ›	‹ sjen ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁaʔ/	/*t<r>aw/	/*[s][a]r/
English	ancient	morning	fresh; good
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	古	朝	鮮
Reading #	1/1	2/2	1/3
No.	4219	1309	13490
Phonetic component	古	朝	鮮
Rime group	魚	宵	元
Rime subdivision	0	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	古	𪓙	仙
Old Chinese	/*kaːʔ/	/*r'ew/	/*sen/
Notes			說文羴省聲

Proper noun

古朝鮮

(historical) Gojoseon (ancient Korean kingdom)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
古	朝	鮮
こ Grade: 2	ちょう Grade: 2	せん Grade: S
on’yomi

Etymology

From Chinese 古朝鮮

Pronunciation

On’yomi
- IPA^(key): [ko̞t͡ɕo̞ːsẽ̞ɴ]

Proper noun

古朝鮮 (hiragana こちょうせん, rōmaji Kochōsen)

(historical) Gojoseon (ancient Korean kingdom)

Korean

Hanja in this term
古	朝	鮮

Proper noun

古朝鮮 • (Gojoseon) (hangeul 고조선)

Hanja form^? of 고조선 (“(historical) Gojoseon (ancient Korean kingdom)”).

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this word
古	朝	鮮

Proper noun

古朝鮮

Hán tự form of Cổ Triều Tiên (“(historical) Gojoseon (ancient Korean kingdom)”).

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