朝鮮

See also: 朝鲜

Chinese

		morning; to face; towards morning; to face; towards; facing; direct; a dynasty; the imperial court; (abbr.) Korea, esp. N. Korea	few; rare; fresh
trad. (朝鮮)		朝	鮮
simp. (朝鲜)		朝	鲜

Etymology

Found in many pre-Qin dynasty [before 3^rd century BCE] texts. The meaning of this term is uncertain; a common literal interpretation is “morning (朝) calm (鮮)”, and thus, Korea is also known as the “Land of the Morning Calm”.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): Cháoxiǎn, Cháoxiān, Zhāoxiān

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄢˇ, ㄔㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄢ, ㄓㄠㄒㄧㄢ

(Dungan, Cyrillic): Чощян (Čoxi͡an, I-II)
Cantonese (Jyutping): ciu⁴ sin¹, ziu¹ sin¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Chêu-siên
Min Dong (BUC): Dièu-siēng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): Tiâu-sián

(Teochew, Peng'im): zieu¹ siêng²
Wu (Wiktionary): zau xi (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Pinyin: Cháoxiǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄢˇ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Chaurshean
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Cháosiǎn
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕjɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
  - Pinyin: Cháoxiān
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄢ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Chaurshian
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Cháosian
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕjɛn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, etymologically correct variant, obsolete and literary)⁺
  - Pinyin: Zhāoxiān
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄠㄒㄧㄢ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jaushian
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Jhaosian
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕjɛn⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic: Чощян (Čoxi͡an, I-II)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ʂʰɔː²⁴ ɕiæ̃⁵¹/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ciu⁴ sin¹, ziu¹ sin¹
  - Yale: chìuh sīn, jīu sīn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsiu⁴ sin¹, dziu¹ sin¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: qiu⁴ xin¹, jiu¹ xin¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ siːn⁵⁵/, /t͡siːu̯⁵⁵ siːn⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Chêu-siên
  - Hakka Romanization System: zeu´ xien´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zeu¹ xian¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡seu̯²⁴⁻¹¹ ɕi̯en²⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Dièu-siēng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tieu⁵³⁻³³ ^(s-)lieŋ³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tiâu-sián
  - Tâi-lô: Tiâu-sián
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diausiern
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tiaʊ²⁴⁻²² ɕiɛn⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiaʊ²⁴⁻²² ɕiɛn⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiaʊ¹³⁻²² ɕiɛn⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tiaʊ²⁴⁻¹¹ ɕiɛn⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiaʊ²³⁻³³ ɕiɛn⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zieu¹ siêng²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiṳu siéng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siɯu³³⁻²³ sieŋ⁵²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: zau xi (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /z̻ɔ²² ɕi⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: /ʈˠiᴇu siᴇn/▼

Rime
Character	朝	鮮
Reading #	1/2	1/3
Initial (聲)	知 (9)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	宵 (92)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	Chongniu III	III
Fanqie	陟遙切	相然切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈˠiᴇu/	/siᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈᵚiɛu/	/siɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiæu/	/sjæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈiaw/	/sian/
Li Rong	/ȶjɛu/	/siɛn/
Wang Li	/ȶĭɛu/	/sĭɛn/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶi̯ɛu/	/si̯ɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhāo	xiān

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*t<r>aw [s][a]r/

(Zhengzhang): /*r'ew sen/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	朝	鮮
Reading #	2/2	1/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhāo	xiān
Middle Chinese	‹ trjew ›	‹ sjen ›
Old Chinese	/*t<r>aw/	/*[s][a]r/
English	morning	fresh; good
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	朝	鮮
Reading #	2/2	1/3
No.	1309	13490
Phonetic component	朝	鮮
Rime group	宵	元
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	𪓙	仙
Old Chinese	/*r'ew/	/*sen/
Notes		說文羴省聲

Proper noun

朝鮮

Korea (cultural concept)
(historical) Gojoseon (ancient Korean kingdom)
(～王朝) (historical) Joseon (ancient Korean dynasty and state)
(～民主主義人民共和國) North Korea (country)
(～半島) Korean Peninsula

Synonyms

(North Korea):
- (full name) 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國／朝鲜民主主义人民共和国 (Cháoxiǎn Mínzhǔzhǔyì Rénmín Gònghéguó)
- (Taiwan, Hong Kong) 北韓／北韩 (Běihán)
- (uncommon) 北朝鮮／北朝鲜 (Běi Cháoxiǎn)

Derived terms

北朝鮮／北朝鲜 (Běi Cháoxiǎn)
南朝鮮／南朝鲜 (Nán Cháoxiǎn)
古朝鮮／古朝鲜 (Gǔcháoxiǎn)
朝鮮半島／朝鲜半岛 (Cháoxiǎn Bàndǎo)
朝鮮文／朝鲜文
朝鮮族／朝鲜族 (cháoxiǎnzú)

朝鮮民主主義人民共和國／朝鲜民主主义人民共和国 (Cháoxiǎn Mínzhǔzhǔyì Rénmín Gònghéguó)
朝鮮海峽／朝鲜海峡
朝鮮薊／朝鲜蓟 (cháoxiǎnjì)
朝鮮語／朝鲜语 (cháoxiǎnyǔ)
西朝鮮／西朝鲜 (xīcháoxiǎn)

Descendants

→ Zhuang: Cauzsenh

Japanese

Kanji in this term
朝	鮮
ちょう Grade: 2	せん Grade: S
on’yomi

Etymology

From Chinese 朝鮮

/teusen/ > /tjoːsen/, [tɕoːsen]

Pronunciation

On’yomi
- (Tokyo) ちょーせん [chòóséꜜǹ] (Nakadaka – [3])
- IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞ːsẽ̞ɴ]

Proper noun

朝鮮 (hiragana ちょうせん, rōmaji Chōsen, historical hiragana てうせん)

Korea

Derived terms

Korean

Hanja in this term
朝	鮮

Proper noun

朝鮮 • (Joseon) (hangeul 조선)

Hanja form^? of 조선 (“Joseon; Korea, especially North Korea”).

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
朝	鮮

Proper noun

朝鮮

Hán tự form of Triều Tiên (“Korea; North Korea”).

Adjective

朝鮮

Hán tự form of Triều Tiên (“Korean”).

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