劫

See also: 刦
劫 U+52AB, 劫
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52AB
← 努
[U+52AA] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 劬 →
[U+52AC]

Translingual

Han character

劫 (radical 19, 力+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 土戈大尸 (GIKS) or X土戈大尸 (XGIKS), four-corner 47720, composition ⿰去力)

References
  • KangXi: page 146, character 30
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2316
  • Dae Jaweon: page 331, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 367, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+52AB

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 劫
variant forms
 
刧
刦
𠛗
刼
𠉨
𠞏

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 劫
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (去) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
佉 *kʰal
呿 *kʰal, *kʰas, *kʰab
抾 *kʰɯ, *kʰɯ, *kʰab
弆 *kaʔ, *kʰaʔ
祛 *kʰa
袪 *kʰa
阹 *kʰa
胠 *kʰa, *kʰas, *kʰab
魼 *kʰa, *kʰl'aːb
去 *kʰaʔ, *kʰas
麮 *kʰaʔ, *kʰas
鼁 *kʰas
砝 *kaːb, *kab
劫 *kab, *kab
鉣 *kab
蜐 *kab, *kab
怯 *kʰab

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kab, *kab) : phonetic 去 (OC *kʰaʔ, *kʰas) + semantic 力 (“power, force”)

Etymology
“(Buddhism) disaster”
Short for 劫波, from Sanskrit कल्प (kalpa).

Pronunciation
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 劫
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕiɛ³⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕiɛ²⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕie⁴⁵/
Jinan /t͡ɕiə⁴²/
Qingdao /t͡ɕiə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕiɛ²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕiɛ²¹/
Xining /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕie¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕiə¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕiɤ⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡ɕie²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡ɕʰie³¹/
/t͡ɕie³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕʰie²¹/
Kunming /t͡ɕiɛ³¹/
Nanjing /t͡ɕieʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡ɕiɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰiəʔ²/
Pingyao /t͡ɕʰiʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕʰiaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵/
Suzhou /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕi²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕieʔ²¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕia⁵/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕie²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕie²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕiɛʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /kiap̚¹/
Taoyuan /kiɑp̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kip̚³/
Nanning /kip̚³³/
Hong Kong /kip̚³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kiap̚³²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kiɛʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kiɛ²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kiap̚²/
Haikou (Min Nan) /kiap̚⁵/
Rime
Character 劫
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 業 (147)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居怯切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kɨɐp̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kiɐp̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kiɐp̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kɨap̚/
Li
Rong		 /kiap̚/
Wang
Li		 /kĭɐp̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ki̯ɐp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jie
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 劫
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jié
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kjæp ›
Old
Chinese		 /*k(r)ap/
English rob

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 劫 劫
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 6438 10694
Phonetic
component		 劫 去
Rime
group		 盍 盍
Rime
subdivision		 1 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 劫 劫
Old
Chinese		 /*kab/ /*kab/
Notes 荀子從刀，又譯kalpa 荀子從刀，又梵譯kalpa

Definitions

劫

  1. to coerce
  2. to rob
  3. (Buddhism) disaster

Compounds
  • 劫略
  • 劫盜／劫盗
  • 劫盟
  • 劫財／劫财
  • 劫運／劫运
  • 劫難／劫难 (jiénàn)
  • 劫餘／劫余
  • 在劫難逃／在劫难逃 (zàijiénántáo)
  • 塵劫／尘劫
  • 大劫
  • 小劫
  • 巴劫
  • 巴巴劫劫
  • 忙劫
  • 忙劫劫
  • 忙忙劫劫
  • 打劫 (dǎjié)
  • 打家劫盜／打家劫盗
  • 打家劫舍 (dǎjiājiéshè)
  • 換劫／换劫
  • 搜劫
  • 搶劫／抢劫 (qiǎngjié)
  • 攔劫／拦劫
  • 昆池劫灰
  • 桃花劫
  • 歷劫／历劫
  • 歷劫歸來／历劫归来
  • 永劫
  • 波波劫劫
  • 洗劫 (xǐjié)
  • 浩劫 (hàojié)
  • 火劫
  • 焚劫
  • 生關死劫／生关死劫
  • 盜劫／盗劫
  • 空劫
  • 萬劫／万劫 (wànjié)
  • 萬劫不復／万劫不复
  • 行劫
  • 要劫
  • 趁哄打劫
  • 趁火打劫 (chènhuǒdǎjié)
  • 趁火搶劫／趁火抢劫
  • 路劫
  • 遭劫
  • 邀劫

Japanese

Kanji
劫

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. intimidate
  2. aeon, eon

Readings

Compounds
Compounds
  • 劫 (こう)火 (か) (kōka)
  • 曠 (こう)劫 (ごう) (kōgō)
  • 劫濁 (こうじょく) (kōjoku)
  • 劫奪 (こうだつ) (kōdatsu)
  • 劫 (ごう)初 (しょ) (gōsho)
  • 劫 (ごう)盗 (とう) (gōtō)
  • 劫末 (ごうまつ) (gōmatsu)
  • 劫掠 (ごうりゃく), 劫略 (ごうりゃく) (gōryaku)
  • 永 (えい)劫 (ごう) (eigō)
  • 壊 (え)劫 (こう) (ekō)
  • 億 (おっ)劫 (こう) (okkō), 億 (おっ)劫 (くう) (okkū)
  • 空 (くう)劫 (こう) (kūkō)
  • 久 (く)遠 (おん)劫 (ごう) (kuongō)
  • 倶 (く)胝 (てい)劫 (こう) (kuteikō)
  • 減 (げん)劫 (こう) (genkō)
  • 賢 (けん)劫 (ごう) (kengō), 賢 (げん)劫 (ごう) (gengō)
  • 五 (ご)劫 (こう)思惟 (しゆい) (gokō shiyui)
  • 三 (さん)阿 (あ)僧 (そう)祇 (ぎ)劫 (こう) (san a sōgi kō)
  • 四 (し)劫 (こう) (shikō)
  • 住 (じゅう)劫 (こう) (jūkō)
  • 小 (しょう)劫 (こう) (shōkō)
  • 成 (じょう)劫 (こう) (jōkō), 成 (じょう)劫 (ごう) (jōgō)
  • 塵 (じん)劫 (こう) (jinkō), 塵 (じん)劫 (ごう) (jingō), 塵 (じん)点 (でん)劫 (ごう) (jindengō)
  • 増 (ぞう)劫 (こう) (zōkō)
  • 多 (た)生 (しょう)劫 (ごう) (tashōgō)
  • 万 (まん)劫 (ごう) (mangō), 万 (ばん)劫 (ごう) (bangō)
  • 無 (む)量 (りょう)劫 (ごう) (muryōgō)
  • 歴 (りゃっ)劫 (こう) (ryakkō)

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
劫
こう
Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

/kopu/ → /kofu/ → */kowu/ → /koː/

From Middle Chinese 劫 (MC kɨɐp̚), short form of 劫波 (MC kɨɐp̚ puɑ), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit कल्प (kalpa, “aeon”).

Pronunciation 1
Noun

劫 (hiragana こう, rōmaji kō, historical hiragana こふ)

  1. (Buddhism) kalpa: a unit of time in Buddhist cosmology
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 劫 (こう)を経 (へ)る (kō o heru)
  • 劫 (こう)﨟 (ろう), 劫 (こう)臘 (ろう) (kōrō)
  • 億万 (おくまん)劫 (ごう) (okumangō)
  • 時 (じ)劫 (こう) (jikō)
Proverbs
  • 烏 (い)賊 (か)の甲 (こう)より年 (とし)の劫 (こう) (ika no kō yori toshi no kō)
  • 亀 (かめ)の甲 (こう)より年 (とし)の劫 (こう) (kame no kō yori toshi no kō)

Pronunciation 2
Noun

劫 (hiragana こう, rōmaji kō, historical hiragana こふ)

  1. (go) a position in which two alternating stones can be captured and recaptured indefinitely
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 劫材 (こうざい) (kōzai)
  • 劫 (こう)立 (だ)て (kōdate)
  • 劫種 (こうだね) (kōdane)

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
劫
ごう
Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

/ɡopu/ → /ɡofu/ → */ɡowu/ → /ɡoː/

Possibly a shift from kō above. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

Noun

劫 (hiragana ごう, rōmaji gō, historical hiragana ごふ)

  1. (Buddhism) kalpa: a unit of time in Buddhist cosmology
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 劫罰 (ごうばつ) (gōbatsu)
  • 時 (じ)劫 (ごう) (jigō)
  • 多 (た)劫 (ごう) (tagō)

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

劫 • (geop) (hangeul 겁, revised geop, McCune–Reischauer kŏp)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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