sto
Czech
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *sъto.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sto/
audio (file)
Declension
| singular | plural | dual | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | sto | sta | stě |
| genitive | sta | set | set |
| dative | stu | stům | stům |
| accusative | sto | sta | sta, stě |
| vocative | sto | sta | sta |
| prepositional | stu | stech | stech |
| instrumental | stem | sty | sty |
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *staēō, from Proto-Indo-European *sth₂éh₁yeti, stative verb from *steh₂-. Cognate with Sanskrit तिष्ठति (tíṣṭhati) (root स्था (sthā)), Persian ایستا (istā, “standing; stopping”), Ancient Greek ἵστημι (hístēmi), στάσις (stásis), Bulgarian стоя (stoja), Old English standan (whence English stand).
By its appearance through Latin sound laws, this stative verb, against all others of this class in the 2nd conjugation, belongs to the 1st conjugation. The perfect and supine stems are shared with sistō, the corresponding athematic verb from the same Indo-European root.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /stoː/
Audio (Classical) (file)
Verb
stō (present infinitive stāre, perfect active stetī, supine statum); first conjugation, impersonal in the passive
- I stand
- I stay, remain
- (Medieval Latin) I am
- (Medieval Latin) I am [located at]
- (Medieval Latin) I live
Inflection
Passive forms exist only in the third-person singular.
| Conjugation of sto (first conjugation, impersonal in passive) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | stō | stās | stat | stāmus | stātis | stant |
| imperfect | stābam | stābās | stābat | stābāmus | stābātis | stābant | |
| future | stābō | stābis | stābit | stābimus | stābitis | stābunt | |
| perfect | stetī | stetistī | stetit | stetimus | stetistis | stetērunt, stetēre | |
| pluperfect | steteram | steterās | steterat | steterāmus | steterātis | steterant | |
| future perfect | steterō | steteris | steterit | steterimus | steteritis | steterint | |
| passive | present | — | — | stātur | — | — | — |
| imperfect | — | — | stābātur | — | — | — | |
| future | — | — | stābitur | — | — | — | |
| perfect | — | — | statum est | — | — | — | |
| pluperfect | — | — | statum erat | — | — | — | |
| future perfect | — | — | statum erit | — | — | — | |
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | stem | stēs | stet | stēmus | stētis | stent |
| imperfect | stārem | stārēs | stāret | stārēmus | stārētis | stārent | |
| perfect | steterim | steterīs | steterit | steterimus | steteritis | steterint | |
| pluperfect | stetissem | stetissēs | stetisset | stetissēmus | stetissētis | stetissent | |
| passive | present | — | — | stētur | — | — | — |
| imperfect | — | — | stārētur | — | — | — | |
| perfect | — | — | statum sit | — | — | — | |
| pluperfect | — | — | statum esset, foret | — | — | — | |
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | stā | — | — | stāte | — |
| future | — | stātō | stātō | — | stātōte | stantō | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | stāre | stetisse | statūrus esse | stārī | statum esse | — | |
| participles | stāns | — | statūrus | — | statum | standus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| nominative | genitive | dative/ablative | accusative | accusative | ablative | ||
| stāre | standī | standō | standum | statum | statū | ||
Derived terms
Descendants
References
- sto in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- sto in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- sto in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
- Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- I am firmly resolved: stat mihi sententia (Liv. 21. 30.)
- to insist on a point: tenere aliquid; stare in aliqua re
- to abide by one's undertaking: promisso stare
- a thing costs much, little: aliquid magno, parvo stat, constat
- the state is secure: res publica stat (opp. iacet)
- to be on a person's side (not ab alicuius partibus): ab (cum) aliquo stare (Brut. 79. 273)
- the issue of the day was for a long time uncertain: diu anceps stetit pugna
- the victory cost much blood and many wounds, was very dearly bought: victoria multo sanguine ac vulneribus stetit (Liv. 23. 30)
- to ride at anchor: in ancoris esse, stare, consistere
- (ambiguous) my position is considerably improved; my prospects are brighter: meliorem in statum redigor
- (ambiguous) to restore a man to his former position: aliquem in antiquum statum, in pristinum restituere
- (ambiguous) a periodically recurring (annual) sacrifice: sacrificium statum (solemne) (Tusc. 1. 47. 113)
- (ambiguous) to restore the ancient constitution: rem publicam in pristinum statum restituere
- (ambiguous) to endanger the existence of the state: statum rei publicae convellere
- I am firmly resolved: stat mihi sententia (Liv. 21. 30.)
Further reading
- sto in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Ligurian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /stu/
Adjective
sto (feminine singular sta, masculine plural sti, feminine plural ste)
- this
- (in the plural) these
Synonyms
Norwegian Nynorsk
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic *sъto.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /stôː/
Etymology 2
From Proto-Slavic *stolъ.
Doublet of àstāl, from the same ultimate source only borrowed through Hungarian.
Alternative forms
- stȏl (Croatian)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /stôː/
Declension
Slovak
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *sъto.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈstɔ/
Usage notes
Usually not declined when used in conjunction with other numerals.
Declension
Slovene
| < 99 | 100 | 101 > |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal : stó Ordinal : stôti Adverbial : stókrat | ||
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *sъto.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈstóː/
- Tonal orthography: stọ̑
Declension
| plural | |
|---|---|
| nominative | stó |
| accusative | stó |
| genitive | stôtih |
| dative | stôtim |
| locative | stôtih |
| instrumental | stôtimi |
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Swedish stōþ, from Old Norse stóð, from Proto-Germanic *stōdą. Compare Icelandic stóð.
Declension
| Declension of sto | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | sto | stoet | ston | stona |
| Genitive | stos | stoets | stons | stonas |
Synonyms
- hästhona
- märr
Derived terms
- stomjölk
- ungsto