saber
English
Verb
saber (third-person singular simple present sabers, present participle sabering, simple past and past participle sabered)
- Alternative spelling of sabre
Translations
Asturian
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin *sapēre, from Latin sapere, present active infinitive of sapiō (“I taste”).
Catalan
Etymology
From Old Occitan saber, from Vulgar Latin *sapēre, from Latin sapere, present active infinitive of sapiō (“I taste”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁p- (“to try, to research”).
Pronunciation
Conjugation
infinitive | saber | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | sabent | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | sabut | sabuda | |||||
plural | sabuts | sabudes | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | sé | saps | sap | sabem | sabeu | saben | |
imperfect | sabia | sabies | sabia | sabíem | sabíeu | sabien | |
future | sabré | sabràs | sabrà | sabrem | sabreu | sabran | |
preterite | sabí | saberes | sabé | sabérem | sabéreu | saberen | |
conditional | sabria | sabries | sabria | sabríem | sabríeu | sabrien | |
subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | sàpiga | sàpigues | sàpiga | sapiguem | sapigueu | sàpiguen | |
imperfect | sabés | sabessis | sabés | sabéssim | sabéssiu | sabessin | |
imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
— | sàpigues | sàpiga | sapiguem | sapigueu | sàpiguen |
Derived terms
Related terms
See also
- conèixer (“to be familiar with”)
Further reading
- “saber” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “saber” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
- “saber” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “saber” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Galician
Etymology
From Old Portuguese saber, from Vulgar Latin *sapēre, from Latin sapere, present active infinitive of sapiō (“I taste”).
Verb
saber (first-person singular present sei, first-person singular preterite souben, past participle sabido)
Usage notes
Like Portuguese and Spanish, Galician has two different verbs that are usually translated to English as “to know”. The verb saber relates to factual knowledge and skills. In contrast, the verb coñecer relates to familiarity with people or places.
Conjugation
infinitive | saber | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | sabendo | ||||||
past participle | singular | plural | |||||
masculine | sabido | sabidos | |||||
feminine | sabida | sabidas | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | eu | ti | el / ela / Vde. | nós | vós | eles / elas / Vdes. | |
present | sei | sabes | sabe | sabemos | sabedes | saben | |
imperfect | sabía | sabías | sabía | sabiamos | sabiades | sabían | |
preterite | souben | soubeches | soubo | soubemos | soubestes | souberon | |
pluperfect | soubera | souberas | soubera | souberamos | souberades | souberan | |
future | saberei | saberás | saberá | saberemos | saberedes | saberán | |
conditional | sabería | saberías | sabería | saberiamos | saberiades | saberían | |
subjunctive | eu | ti | el / ela / Vde. | nós | vós | eles / elas / Vdes. | |
present | saiba | saibas | saiba | saibamos | saibades | saiban | |
preterite | soubese | soubeses | soubese | soubésemos | soubésedes | soubesen | |
future | souber | souberes | souber | soubermos | souberdes | souberen | |
imperative | — | ti | Vde. | nós | vós | Vdes. | |
affirmative | — | sabe | saiba | saibamos | sabede | saiban | |
negative | — | saibas | saiba | saibamos | saibades | saiban | |
personal infinitive | eu | ti | el / ela / Vde. | nós | vós | eles / elas / Vdes. | |
saber | saberes | saber | sabermos | saberdes | saberen |
Related terms
Occitan
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old Occitan saber, from Vulgar Latin *sapēre, from Latin sapere, present active infinitive of sapiō (“I taste”).
Conjugation
infinitive | saber | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | sabent | ||||||
past participle | sauput | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el/ela | nosautres nos |
vosautres vos |
eles/elas | |
present | sabi, sai | sabes, sas | sap | sabèm | sabètz | sabon | |
imperfect | sabiái | sabiás | sabiá | sabiam | sabiatz | sabián | |
future | sauprai | saupràs | sauprà | sauprem | saupretz | saupràn | |
preterite | saupèri | saupères | saupèt | saupèrem | saupèretz | saupèron | |
conditional | saupriái | saupriás | saupriá | saupriam | saupriatz | sauprián | |
subjunctive | ieu | tu | el/ela | nosautres nos |
vosautres vos |
eles/elas | |
present | sàpia | sàpias | sàpia | sapiam | sapiatz | sàpian | |
imperfect | saupèsse | saupèsses | saupèsse | saupèssem | saupèssetz | saupèsson | |
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres vos |
— | |
— | sap | — | sapiam | sabètz | — | ||
Old Occitan
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin *sapēre, from Latin sapere, present active infinitive of sapiō (“I taste”).
Related terms
- sabor (noun)
References
- von Wartburg, Walther (1928-2002), “sapere”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 110, page 193
Portuguese
Etymology
From Old Portuguese saber, from Vulgar Latin *sapēre, from Latin sapere, present active infinitive of sapiō (“I taste; I am wise”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁p- (“to try, to research”).
Pronunciation
Verb
saber (first-person singular present indicative sei, past participle sabido)
- to know
- (intransitive) to be aware of a fact
- Perguntaram-me a resposta, mas eu não sabia.
- They asked me the answer, but I didn’t know.
- Sei que é verdade.
- I know it’s true.
- (transitive) to be aware of a value or piece of information
- Eu sei qual é a capital da Assíria.
- I know what is the capital of Assyria.
- Ele sabe duzentos algarismos do número neperiano.
- He knows two hundred digits of Euler’s number.
- Ninguém sabe qual é a velocidade aérea média de uma andorinha não carregada.
- Nobody knows what the average airspeed velocity of an unladen swallow is.
- (auxiliary with a verb in the impersonal infinitive) to know how to do something
- Não sei fazer isso, mas ela sabe.
- I don’t know how to do this, but she knows.
- Sabes falar russo?
- Do you know how to speak Russian?
- (intransitive) to be aware of a fact
- (transitive with de or sobre) to know about; to have heard about
- Soube da explosão que houve no centro?
- Have you heard about the downtown explosion?
- (Portugal) (transitive with a) to taste of (to have the same taste as)
- Um bom vinho sabe a carvalho.
- A good wine tastes like oak.
- (Portugal) to have a pleasant taste
- Como sabe esse vinho!
- How good does this wine taste!
Conjugation
Quotations
For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:saber.
Usage notes
saber does not mean to know in the sense of knowing someone (who they are); for that, conhecer should be used instead.
Synonyms
Synonyms
Derived terms
- dar a saber
- sabe-tudo
Spanish
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin *sapēre, from Latin sapere, present active infinitive of sapiō (“I taste”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁p- (“to try, to research”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /saˈbeɾ/, [saˈβeɾ]
Verb
saber (first-person singular present sé, first-person singular preterite supe, past participle sabido)
Conjugation
infinitive | saber | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | sabiendo | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | sabido | sabida | |||||
plural | sabidos | sabidas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | sé | sabestú sabésvos |
sabe | sabemos | sabéis | saben | |
imperfect | sabía | sabías | sabía | sabíamos | sabíais | sabían | |
preterite | supe | supiste | supo | supimos | supisteis | supieron | |
future | sabré | sabrás | sabrá | sabremos | sabréis | sabrán | |
conditional | sabría | sabrías | sabría | sabríamos | sabríais | sabrían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | sepa | sepas | sepa | sepamos | sepáis | sepan | |
imperfect (ra) |
supiera | supieras | supiera | supiéramos | supierais | supieran | |
imperfect (se) |
supiese | supieses | supiese | supiésemos | supieseis | supiesen | |
future1 | supiere | supieres | supiere | supiéremos | supiereis | supieren | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | sabetú sabévos |
sepa | sepamos | sabed | sepan | ||
negative | no sepas | no sepa | no sepamos | no sepáis | no sepan |
- 1 Mostly obsolete form, now mainly used in legal jargon.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive saber | |||||||
dative | saberme | saberte | saberle, saberse | sabernos | saberos | saberles, saberse | |
accusative | saberme | saberte | saberlo, saberla, saberse | sabernos | saberos | saberlos, saberlas, saberse | |
with gerund sabiendo | |||||||
dative | sabiéndome | sabiéndote | sabiéndole, sabiéndose | sabiéndonos | sabiéndoos | sabiéndoles, sabiéndose | |
accusative | sabiéndome | sabiéndote | sabiéndolo, sabiéndola, sabiéndose | sabiéndonos | sabiéndoos | sabiéndolos, sabiéndolas, sabiéndose | |
with informal second-person singular imperative sabe | |||||||
dative | sábeme | sábete | sábele | sábenos | not used | sábeles | |
accusative | sábeme | sábete | sábelo, sábela | sábenos | not used | sábelos, sábelas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative sepa | |||||||
dative | sépame | not used | sépale, sépase | sépanos | not used | sépales | |
accusative | sépame | not used | sépalo, sépala, sépase | sépanos | not used | sépalos, sépalas | |
with first-person plural imperative sepamos | |||||||
dative | not used | sepámoste | sepámosle | sepámonos | sepámoos | sepámosles | |
accusative | not used | sepámoste | sepámoslo, sepámosla | sepámonos | sepámoos | sepámoslos, sepámoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative sabed | |||||||
dative | sabedme | not used | sabedle | sabednos | sabeos | sabedles | |
accusative | sabedme | not used | sabedlo, sabedla | sabednos | sabeos | sabedlos, sabedlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative sepan | |||||||
dative | sépanme | not used | sépanle | sépannos | not used | sépanles, sépanse | |
accusative | sépanme | not used | sépanlo, sépanla | sépannos | not used | sépanlos, sépanlas, sépanse |