Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ežь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Equivalent to *-ogъ +‎ *-jь. Derivatives from stative *-ěti verbs are also attested with the doublet ending *-ěžь, probably due to association with the verb extension, like in:

*bolěti (“to ache”) → Old Church Slavonic болєжь (boležĭ) : Bulgarian болежка (boležka), dial. боляжка (boljažka) (as if from *bolěžьka)

Suffix

*-ežь m

Deverbal, forming action nouns.
From causative verbs ending in -i-
*grabiti (“to grab, to seize”) → *grabežь (“grabbing”)

*gorditi (“to build”) → *gordežь (“building, construction”)

*strojiti (“to construct”) → *stroježь (“construction”)

*strьmiti (“to seek”) → *strьmežь (“aim, strive”)

*paliti (“to ignite, to set on fire”) → *paležь (“arson”)

*valiti (“to rain/snow”) → *valežь (“precipitation, rain/snow-fall”)

From causative verbs ending in -ě- (obsolete, mainly in South Slavic)
*goděti (“to get engaged”) → *godežь/*goděžь (“engagement”)

*kopněti (“to yearn, to long for”) → *kopnežь/*kopněžь (“dream, desire”)

From verbs ending in -C- (rarely)
*/padti/ > *pasti (“to fall”) → *padežь (“fall”)

*/mętti/ > *męsti (“to mix”) → *mętežь (“chaos, confusion”)

*sluti (“to utter”) → *slovežь (“utterance”)

*orsti (“to grow, to rise”) → *orstežь (“upgrowth”)
Deadjectival (possibly via a causative or stative verb), forming a noun denoting a property or a state.
*moldъ (“young”) → *molděti (“to be young”) → *moldežь (“youth”)

*pьlnъ (“full”) → *pьlniti (“to fill”)/*pьlněti (“to get full”) → *pьlnežь/*pьlněžь (“filling, stuffing”)
Denominal (possibly via a causative verb), forming a noun denoting a result.
*čьrta (“nick, dash”) → *čьrtiti (“to draw”) → *čьrtežь (“draft”)

*platъ (“fabric, cloth”) → *platiti (“to pay”) → *platežь (“payment”)

Alternative forms

*-ěžь (for derivatives from verbs in *-ěti)

Declension

Declension of *-ežь (soft o-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*-ežь	*-eža	*-eži
Accusative	*-ežь	*-eža	*-ežę̇
Genitive	*-eža	*-ežu	*-ežь
Locative	*-eži	*-ežu	*-ežixъ
Dative	*-ežu	*-ežema	*-ežemъ
Instrumental	-ežьmь, -ežemь^*	*-ežema	*-eži
Vocative	*-ežu	*-eža	*-eži

^* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

Category Proto-Slavic words suffixed with *-ežь not found

Usage notes

Usually it's not used with roots ending in g/k/x/s/z (see *-ьba).

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: -ежь (-ežĭ)
  - Belarusian: -еж (-jež), -ёж (-jož)
  - Russian: -ёжь (-jóžʹ), -ёж (-jóž), -еж (-ež)
  - Ukrainian: -іж (-iž)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic: -єжь (-ežĭ)
  
  Glagolitic: -ⰵⰶⱐ (-ežĭ)
- Bulgarian: -еж (-ež)
- Macedonian: -еж (-ež)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: -еж
  
  Latin: -ež
- Slovene: -ež
West Slavic:
- Czech: -ež
- Kashubian: -éż, -éżô, -ża
- Polish: -eż
- Slovak: -ež
- Slovincian: -ėž, -ež

References

Šekli, Matej (2012), “Besedotvorni pomeni samostalniških izpeljank v praslovanščini”, in Philological Studies‎ (in Slovene), volume 10, issue 1, Skopje, Perm, Ljubljana, Zagreb, pages 115–32

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