Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/plew-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*plew- [1][2][3]

to fly, flow, run

Extensions

*plew-d-
*plew-k-
*plew-t-
- *plewt-yom[4], *plowt-yom[4]
  - Balto-Slavic: *plautja
    - Latvian: plàuši (“lungs”, nom.pl.)
    - Lithuanian: plaũtis (“lung”)
    - Slavic: *plūťè (“lung”)
      - Serbo-Croatian: plúća (“lungs”, nom.pl.)
      - Polish: płuco (“lung”)

Derived terms

► <a href='/wiki/Category:Terms_derived_from_the_PIE_root_*plew-' title='Category:Terms derived from the PIE root *plew-'>Terms derived from the PIE root *plew-</a>

Slavic: *plàviti
- Old Church Slavonic: плавитися (plavitisja, “to sail”)
  - Russian: пла́вить (plávitʹ, “to melt”)
  - Ukrainian: плавити (plavyty, “to melt”)
  - Bulgarian: пла́вя (plávja, “to rinse”)
  - Macedonian: плави (plavi, “to rinse, to wash, to flood”)
  - Serbo-Croatian: plȁviti (“to flood”), ploviti (“to sail”)
  - Slovene: plavíti (“to flood, to sail, to melt”)
  - Czech: plavit (“to float, to bathe (horses), to scour, to navigate”)
  - Polish: pławić (“to bathe (horses)”), spławić (“to transport by water”)
  - Slovak: plaviť (“to float”)
  - Upper Sorbian: pławić
  - Lower Sorbian: pławiś
*pléw-e-ti (thematic root present)
- Hellenic: *pléwō[5]
  - Ancient Greek: πλέω (pléō)
- Indo-Iranian: *pláwati
  - Indo-Aryan: *pláwati
    - Sanskrit: प्लवते (plávate)
  - Iranian: *fráwati[6][7]
    - Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌‎ (frafrauuaiti), 𐬎𐬯𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬃𐬥𐬙𐬈‎ (usfrauuā̊nte)
- Italic: *plowō[8]
  - Latin: pluit (see there for further descendants)
- Tocharian: *pläu-[9]
  - Tocharian A: plu-
  - Tocharian B: plu-
*plow-éye-ti (causative)
- Celtic: [Term?]
  - Old Irish: luithir, fo·luathar
- Indo-Iranian: *plāwáyati
  - Indo-Aryan: *plāwáyati
    - Sanskrit: प्लावयति (plāváyati)
  - Iranian: *frāwáyati
    - Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬟𐬭𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬵𐬌‎ (frafrāuuaiiāhi)
*pléw-mō
*plow-tós
*plow-mos
- Germanic: *flaumaz (“stream”)[10] (see there for further descendants)
*plow-ó-s
- Balto-Slavic: [Term?]
  - Slavic: [Term?]
    - East Slavic:
      - Russian: плов (plov)
- Hellenic: *plowos[5]
  - Ancient Greek: πλόος (plóos)
    Attic Greek: πλοῦς (ploûs)
- Indo-Iranian: *plawás
  - Indo-Aryan: *plawás
    - Sanskrit: प्लव (plavá)
- Tocharian: [Term?][11]
  - Tocharian B: plewe
*plów-yos (“ship”)
- Celtic: *ɸlowyos, *ɸlowyā (“rudder”)[12]
  - Breton: lewier m (“pilot”)
  - Old Cornish: leu (“rudder”)
    - Cornish: lew (“rudder”)
  - Old Irish: luí f (“rudder, tail”)
  - Middle Welsh: llyw m (“rudder, tail, leader, pilot”)
- Germanic: *flawją[13] (see there for further descendants)
- Hellenic: *plóyyom[5]
  - Ancient Greek: πλοῖον (ploîon)
*plu-tó-s
- Balto-Slavic: *plútas[14]
  - Latvian: pluts
  - Slavic: *plъ̀tъ (“raft”)[15] (see there for further descendants)
- Indo-Iranian: *plutás
  - Indo-Aryan: *plutás
    - Sanskrit: प्लुत (plutá)
- Balto-Slavic: *plūtei
  - Slavic: *plyti
    - Russian: плыть (plytʹ)
    - Ukrainian: плисти (plysty), пливти (plyvty)
    - Macedonian: плива (pliva)
    - Serbo-Croatian: plȉvati, plutati, pluto
    - Polish: pływać, płynąć, płyn, pływ
    - Czech: plyn, plynout, plavat, plout
      - Serbo-Croatian: plin (“gas”)
    - Slovak: plyn, plynúť, plávať
    - Lower Sorbian: plěś

Innovative formations:
- (perhaps) Armenian: [Term?]
  - Old Armenian: լուանամ (luanam)[16]
    - Armenian: լվանալ (lvanal)
- Hellenic: *pluňňō (< *plu-n-yéti)
  - Ancient Greek: πλῡ́νω (plū́nō)

References

Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume III, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 835–837
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*pleu̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 487-488
Watkins, Calvert (1985), “pleu-”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 362
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “πλέω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1208-1209
Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*frau¹”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 90
Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*frau²”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 90-91
De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “pluō, pluit”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 474-475
Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “plu-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 462-463
Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*flauma-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 145
Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “plewe”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 463
Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*flowyo-, *flowyā”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 136
Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*flauja-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 145
Derksen, Rick (2015), “pluts”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 546
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*plъ̃tъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 407
Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), “luanam”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 316

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[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume III, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 835–837

[2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*pleu̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 487-488

[3] Watkins, Calvert (1985), “pleu-”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt

[D_plaũčiai-4] Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 362

[Beekes-5] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “πλέω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1208-1209

[6] Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*frau¹”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 90

[7] Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*frau²”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 90-91

[8] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “pluō, pluit”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 474-475

[9] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “plu-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 462-463

[10] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*flauma-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 145

[11] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “plewe”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 463

[12] Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*flowyo-, *flowyā”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 136

[13] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*flauja-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 145

[14] Derksen, Rick (2015), “pluts”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 546

[15] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*plъ̃tъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 407

[16] Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), “luanam”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 316