Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱel-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*ḱel- [1][2]

to cover

Extensions

*ḱley-

Derived terms

► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Terms_derived_from_the_PIE_root_*%E1%B8%B1el-' title='Category:Terms derived from the PIE root *ḱel-'>Terms derived from the PIE root *ḱel-</a>

*ḱél-e-ti (thematic root present)
*ḱl̥-ye-ti (ye-present)
- Germanic: *huljaną (see there for further descendants)
*ḱél-dʰh₁e-ti (dʰh₁e-present)
- Germanic: *haldaną (“to hold, to keep”) (see there for further descendants)

*ḱél-mn̥
- Indo-Iranian: *ĉárma
  - Indo-Aryan: *śárma
    - Sanskrit: शर्मन् (śárman)
*ḱél-mō
- Germanic: *helmô (see there for further descendants)
*ḱel-mos
- Germanic: *helmaz (“helmet”) (see there for further descendants)
*ḱel-nó- ~ *ḱol-nó-
- Germanic: *hallō (“hall”) (see there for further descendants)
- Italic: *kelnā
  - Latin: cella
*ḱēl-is
- Germanic: *hēliz (“deceitful”) (see there for further descendants)
*ḱél-ōs ~ *ḱél-es-
- Germanic: *hulisō (see there for further descendants)
- Italic: *kelōs (“outside, aspect”)
  - Old Latin: colos
    - Latin: color
*ḱol-es-o-
- Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: κολεός (koleós)
*ḱel-yo-
- Germanic: *haljō (“netherworld”) (see there for further descendants)
- Italic: *keljom
  - Latin: cilium (“eyelid”)
*ḱl-eh₂-
- Italic: *klām
  - Latin: clam (“secretly”)

Unsorted formations:
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Old Prussian: kelmis
  - Lithuanian: šálmas
- Germanic: *hallō (possibly) (see there for further descendants)
- Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: καλύπτω (kalúptō), Καλυψώ (Kalupsṓ), καλύβη (kalúbē), κέλυφος (kéluphos)
    - Greek: καλύπτω (kalýpto), καλύβη (kalývi), καλύβα (kalýva), κέλυφος (kélyfos)
- Indo-Iranian: *ĉaranás
  - Indo-Aryan: *śaranás
    - Sanskrit: शरण (śaraṇá)
      - → Hindi: शरण (śaraṇ)
      - → Urdu: شرن‎ (śaran)
  - Iranian: *ĉaranáh
    - (possibly) Persian: سرمه‎ (sorme)
- Italic:
  - Latin: cālīgō
  - Latin: cēlō

Root

*ḱel- [3]

to incline

Extensions

Derived terms

Unsorted formations:
- Germanic: *hulþaz (see there for further descendants)
- Italic:
  - Latin: auscultō

References

Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill
De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill
Julius Pokorny (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, in 3 vols, Bern, München: Francke Verlag

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[Kroonen_2013-1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill

[De_Vaan_2008-2] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill

[3] Julius Pokorny (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, in 3 vols, Bern, München: Francke Verlag