Visa requirements for Brazilian citizens

Visa requirements for Brazilian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Brazil. As of January 2020, Brazilian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 170 countries and territories, ranking the Brazilian passport 19th in terms of travel freedom, according to the Henley Passport Index.[1]

A Brazilian passport

Visa requirements map
Visa requirements for Brazilian citizens
  Brazil
  Passport not required. Travel with a Brazilian identity card
  Visa free
  Visa issued upon arrival
  eVisa
  Visa available both on arrival or online
  Visa required

Visa requirements
Just a Brazilian identity card is valid for travel to most South American countries.

The Mercosur member states of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay, together with most other South American countries (as shown below) do not even require a Brazilian passport; a national or state-issued Brazilian identity card is enough for entry into all Mercosur member and associate states (with the exception of Guyana and Suriname).

Nevertheless, the identity card must be in good condition, must not have expired, and the holder must be clearly recognizable in the photograph.

Brazilians within Mercosur have unlimited access to any of the full members (Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay) and associated members (Bolivia, Chile, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador) with the right to residence and work, with no requirement other than nationality. Citizens of these nine countries (including Brazil) may apply for the grant of "temporary residence" for up to two years in another country of the bloc [2]. Then, they may apply for "permanent residence" just before the term of their "temporary residence" expires.[3][4]

Brazilians may request lawful permanent resident status in Argentina and Uruguay at any time. No prior temporary resident status needed.[5][6]

Country Visa requirement Allowed stay Notes (excluding departure fees) Reciprocity
 Afghanistan Visa required[7] √
 Albania Visa not required[8] 90 days √
 Algeria Visa required[9] √
 Andorra Visa not required[10] √
 Angola eVisa[11][12] 30 days
  • Visitors who have been granted an online pre-visa or have requested such pre-visa from the consulates of Angola abroad, are then issued with a visa on arrival at the country's border check points.
  • For a maximum total stay of 90 days within a one year period.[13]
  • Besides having printed confirmation that a visa will be issued upon arrival, passengers must: have a return/onward ticket, and have a hotel reservation confirmation.[14]
 X
 Antigua and Barbuda Visa not required[15] 6 months[16] √
 Argentina Visa not required[5][17] 90 days
  • Entry is allowed with a valid ID card that is less than 10 years old.
  • Brazilians can live and work legally in Argentina under the Mercosur (and Associated Countries) immigration agreement with no requirement other than being a citizen at birth or a naturalized citizen for over 5 years, and passing a background check.
  • Brazilians may request lawful permanent resident status in Argentina at any time.[5]
 √
 Armenia Visa not required[18] 180 days √
 Australia Visa required[19]
  • May apply online (Online Visitor e600 visa).[20]
 X
 Austria Visa not required[21] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area[22]
 √
 Azerbaijan eVisa[23] 30 days[24] X
 Bahamas Visa not required[25] 3 months √
 Bahrain eVisa / Visa on arrival[26] 14 days
  • Visa is also obtainable online.[27]
 X
 Bangladesh Visa required[28] √
 Barbados Visa not required[29] 6 months √
 Belarus Visa not required[30] 90 days
  • 90 days within any year period
 √
 Belgium Visa not required[31] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area[22]
 √
 Belize Visa not required[32] 90 days √
 Benin eVisa / Visa on arrival[33][34] 30 days / 8 days
  • Must have an international vaccination certificate.
 X
 Bhutan Visa required[35] √
 Bolivia Visa not required[36] 90 days
  • Entry is allowed with a valid ID card that is less than 10 years old.
  • Brazilians can live and work legally in Bolivia under the Mercosur (and Associated Countries) immigration agreement with no requirement other than being a citizen at birth or a naturalized citizen for over 5 years, and passing a background check.
 √
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Visa not required[37] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 6 month period
 √
 Botswana Visa not required[38] 90 days X
 Brunei Visa required[39] √
 Bulgaria Visa not required[40] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period
 √
 Burkina Faso Visa on arrival[41] 1 month X
 Burundi Visa required[42] √
 Cambodia eVisa / Visa on arrival[43] 30 days
  • Visa is also obtainable online.[44]
 X
 Cameroon Visa required[45] √
 Canada Visa required[46]
  • Brazilian citizens who have held a Canadian visa in the last 10 years or who hold a valid United States non-immigrant visa can enter Canada solely with an eTA when arriving by air.[47][48]
 X
 Cape Verde Visa not required[49] 30 days
  • Must register online at least five days prior to arrival.[50]
 X
 Central African Republic Visa required[51] √
 Chad Visa required[52] √
 Chile Visa not required[53] 90 days
  • Entry is allowed with a valid ID card that is less than 10 years old.
  • Brazilians can live and work legally in Chile under the Mercosur (and Associated Countries) immigration agreement with no requirement other than being a citizen at birth or a naturalized citizen for over 5 years, and passing a background check.
 √
 China Visa required[54] √
 Colombia Visa not required[58] 90 days
  • Entry is allowed with a valid ID card that is less than 10 years old.
  • Brazilians can live and work legally in Colombia under the Mercosur (and Associated Countries) immigration agreement with no requirement other than being a citizen at birth or a naturalized citizen for over 5 years, and passing a background check.
 √
 Comoros Visa on arrival[59] 45 days X
 Republic of the Congo Visa required[60] √
 Democratic Republic of the Congo Visa required[61] √
 Costa Rica Visa not required[62] 90 days √
 Côte d'Ivoire eVisa[63] 3 months
  • eVisa holders must arrive via Port Bouet Airport.
 X
 Croatia Visa not required[64] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period
 √
 Cuba Tourist Card required[65] √
 Cyprus Visa not required[66] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 √
 Czech Republic Visa not required[67] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area[22]
 √
 Denmark Visa not required[68] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area[22]
 √
 Djibouti eVisa[69] 31 days X
 Dominica Visa not required[70] 3 months √
 Dominican Republic Visa not required[71] 90 days X
 Ecuador Visa not required[72] 90 days
  • Entry is allowed with a valid ID card that is less than 10 years old.
  • Brazilians can live and work legally in Ecuador under the Mercosur (and Associated Countries) immigration agreement with no requirement other than being a citizen at birth or a naturalized citizen for over 5 years, and passing a background check.
 √
 Egypt Visa on arrival[73] 30 days X
 El Salvador Visa not required[74] 3 months √
 Equatorial Guinea Visa required[75] √
 Eritrea Visa required[76] √
 Estonia Visa not required[77] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area[22]
 √
 Eswatini Visa not required[78] 30 days X
 Ethiopia eVisa / Visa on arrival[79] up to 90 days
  • Visa on arrival is obtainable only at Addis Ababa Bole International Airport.[80]
  • eVisa holders must arrive via Addis Ababa Bole International Airport.
    • eVisas are available for 30 or 90 days.[81]
 X
 Fiji Visa not required[82] 4 months √
 Finland Visa not required[83] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area[22]
 √
 France Visa not required[84] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area[22]
  • Visa usually required for French Guiana, but some exemptions apply (see French Guiana entry below)[85]
 √
 Gabon eVisa / Visa on arrival[86]
  • Electronic visa holders must arrive via Libreville International Airport.[87]
 X
 Gambia Visa not required[88]
  • An entry clearance must be obtained from the Gambian Immigration prior to travel.[89]
 X
 Georgia Visa not required[90] 1 year √
 Germany Visa not required[91] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area[22]
 √
 Ghana Visa required[92] √
 Greece Visa not required[93] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area[22]
 √
 Grenada Visa not required[94] 3 months √
 Guatemala Visa not required[95] 90 days √
 Guinea eVisa[96] 90 days X
 Guinea-Bissau eVisa / Visa on arrival[97] 90 days X
 Guyana Visa not required[98] 3 months
  • Brief visits just to the border town of Lethem are possible with a valid Brazilian ID card[99]
 √
 Haiti Visa not required[100] 3 months X
 Honduras Visa not required[101] 3 months √
 Hungary Visa not required[102] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area[22]
 √
 Iceland Visa not required[103] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area[22]
 √
 India e-Visa[104] 60 days
  • e-Visa holders must arrive via 26 designated airports[Note 1] or 3 designated seaports.[Note 2][105]
  • An Indian e-Tourist Visa can only be obtained twice in one calendar year.
 X
 Indonesia Visa not required[106] 30 days[107] √
 Iran Visa on arrival[108] 30 days[109] X
 Iraq Visa required[110] √
 Ireland Visa not required[111] 90 days √
 Israel Visa not required[112] 3 months √
 Italy Visa not required[113] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area[22]
 √
 Jamaica Visa not required[114] 6 months
  • 90 days (business), 6 months (tourist)
 √
 Japan Visa required[115] X
 Jordan Visa on arrival[116] X
 Kazakhstan Visa not required[118][119] 30 days
  • 30 days within any year period
 √
 Kenya eVisa / Visa on arrival[120] 3 months X
 Kiribati Visa required[121] √
 North Korea Visa required[122] √
 South Korea Visa not required[123] 90 days √
 Kuwait Visa required[124] √
 Kyrgyzstan Visa not required[125] 60 days X
 Laos eVisa / Visa on arrival[126] 30 days
  • Visa on arrival is available at international airports Luangphabang, Pakse, Savannakhet and Vientiane, and at 4 land borders Friendship Bridge,[Note 3] and at 13 border crossings[Note 4] as well as Tanalaeng train station in Vientiane, which connects to the train station in Nongkai, Thailand.[127] Visa on arrival facility will be gradually phased out at various border crossings starting January 2020.[128]
  • eVisa may be used to enter Laos through the following entry points — Wattay International Airport and the First Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge
  • Entry points Lalai, Lantui, Meuang mom, Pakxan, and Phoudou are open only to visa holders.
  • Visa on arrival is extendable up to 60 days.
 X
 Latvia Visa not required[129] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area[22]
 √
 Lebanon Visa on arrival[130]
  • Brazilian immigrants, or Brazilian businessmen are granted a multiple entry visa on arrival valid for 90 days for tourism purposes only and is renewable once following the approval of the General Directorate of General Security. This visa however shall not exceed 90 days.[131]
 X
 Lesotho eVisa[132][133] X
 Liberia Visa required[134] √
 Libya Visa required[135] √
 Liechtenstein Visa not required[136] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area[22]
 √
 Lithuania Visa not required[137] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area[22]
 √
 Luxembourg Visa not required[138] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area[22]
 √
 Madagascar eVisa / Visa on arrival[139] 90 days X
 Malawi Visa on arrival[140] 30 days
  • Can extend for a total of 90 days.
 X
 Malaysia Visa not required[141] 3 months √
 Maldives Visa on arrival[142] 30 days X
 Mali Visa required[143] √
 Malta Visa not required[144] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area[22]
 √
 Marshall Islands Visa on arrival[145] 90 days X
 Mauritania Visa on arrival[146]
  • Available at Nouakchott–Oumtounsy International Airport.
 X
 Mauritius Visa not required[147] 90 days X
 Mexico Visa not required[148] 180 days √
 Micronesia Visa not required[149] 30 days X
 Moldova Visa not required[150] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 X
 Monaco Visa not required[151] √
 Mongolia Visa not required[152] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 √
 Montenegro Visa not required[153] 90 days √
 Morocco Visa not required[154] 3 months √
 Mozambique Visa on arrival[155] 30 days[156] X
 Myanmar eVisa[157] 28 days
  • eVisa holders must arrive via Yangon, Nay Pyi Taw or Mandalay airports or via land border crossings with Thailand — Tachileik, Myawaddy and Kawthaung or India — Rih Khaw Dar and Tamu.
  • eVisa available for both tourism or business purposes.
 X
 Namibia Visa not required[158] 3 months √
 Nauru Visa required[159] √
   Nepal Visa on arrival[160] 90 days X
 Netherlands Visa not required[161] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area[22]
 √
 New Zealand Electronic Travel Authority[162] 90 days
  • International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy must be obtained alongside Electronic Travel Authority.[163]
 X
 Nicaragua Visa not required[164] 90 days √
 Niger Visa required[165] √
 Nigeria Visa required[166] √
 North Macedonia Visa not required[167] 90 days √
 Norway Visa not required[168] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area[22]
 √
 Oman eVisa[169] 30 days X
 Pakistan Online Visa[170]
  • Online Visa eligible.[171]
  • Electronic Travel Authorization to obtain a visa on arrival for business purposes.[172]
 X
 Palau Visa on arrival[173] 30 days X
 Panama Visa not required[174] 180 days √
 Papua New Guinea eVisa / Free visa on arrival[175] 60 days X
 Paraguay Visa not required[176] 90 days
  • Entry is allowed with a valid ID card that is less than 10 years old.
  • Brazilians can live and work legally in Paraguay under the Mercosur (and Associated Countries) immigration agreement with no requirement other than being a citizen at birth or a naturalized citizen for over 5 years, and passing a background check.
 √
 Peru Visa not required[177] 183 days
  • Entry is allowed with a valid ID card that is less than 10 years old.
  • Brazilians can live and work legally in Peru under the Mercosur (and Associated Countries) immigration agreement with no requirement other than being a citizen at birth or a naturalized citizen for over 5 years, and passing a background check.
 √
 Philippines Visa not required[178] 59 days √
 Poland Visa not required[179] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area[22]
 √
 Portugal Visa not required[180] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area[22]
 √
 Qatar Visa not required[181] 90 days √
 Romania Visa not required[182] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period
 √
 Russia Visa not required[183] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 √
 Rwanda eVisa / Visa on arrival[184] 30 days X
 Saint Kitts and Nevis Visa not required[185] 3 months √
 Saint Lucia Visa not required[186] 6 weeks X
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Visa not required[187] 90 days[188] √
 Samoa Entry Permit on arrival[189] 60 days X
 San Marino Visa not required[190] √
 São Tomé and Príncipe Visa not required[191] 15 days X
 Saudi Arabia Visa required[192] √
 Senegal Visa not required[193] 90 days X
 Serbia Visa not required[194] 90 days √
 Seychelles Visa not required[195] 90 days
  • 90 days per 180-day period
 √
 Sierra Leone Visa on arrival[196] X
 Singapore Visa not required[197] 30 days √
 Slovakia Visa not required[198] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area[22]
 √
 Slovenia Visa not required[199] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area[22]
 √
 Solomon Islands Visitor's permit on arrival[200] 3 months X
 Somalia Visa on arrival[201] 30 days
  • Available at Bosaso Airport, Galcaio Airport and Mogadishu Airport.
 X
 South Africa Visa not required[202] 90 days √
 South Sudan Visa required[203] √
 Spain Visa not required[204] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area[22]
 √
 Sri Lanka eVisa / Visa on arrival[205] 30 days X
 Sudan Visa required[206] √
 Suriname Visa not required[207] 90 days √
 Sweden Visa not required[208] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area[22]
 √
  Switzerland Visa not required[209] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area[22]
 √
 Syria Visa required[210] √
 Tajikistan eVisa[211] 45 days
  • E-visa holders can enter through all border points.[212]
 X
 Tanzania eVisa / Visa on arrival[213][214] 3 months X
 Thailand Visa not required[215] 3 months √
 Timor-Leste Visa on arrival[216] 30 days X
 Togo Visa on arrival[217] 7 days X
 Tonga Visa on arrival[218] 31 days X
 Trinidad and Tobago Visa not required[219] 90 days √
 Tunisia Visa not required[220] 3 months √
 Turkey Visa not required[221] 90 days √
 Turkmenistan Visa required[222] √
 Tuvalu Visa on arrival[223] 1 month X
 Uganda eVisa / Visa on arrival[224] X
 Ukraine Visa not required[226] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 √
 United Arab Emirates Visa not required[227] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 12-month period.[228]
 √
 United Kingdom and Crown dependencies Visa not required[229] 6 months √
 United States Visa required[230]
  • Tourist visas are issued with validity of up to 10 years.
 X
 Uruguay Visa not required[6][231] 3 months
  • Entry is allowed with a valid ID card that is less than 10 years old.
  • Brazilians can live and work legally in Uruguay under the Mercosur (and Associated Countries) immigration agreement with no requirement other than being a citizen at birth or a naturalized citizen for over 5 years, and passing a background check.
  • Brazilians may request lawful permanent resident status in Uruguay at any time.[6]
 √
 Uzbekistan Visa not required[232] 30 days X
 Vanuatu Visa not required[233] 30 days X
  Vatican City Visa not required[234] √
 Venezuela Visa not required[235] 90 days
  • Entry is allowed with a valid ID card that is less than 10 years old.
 √
 Vietnam eVisa[236] 30 days X
 Yemen Visa required[237] √
 Zambia eVisa / Visa on arrival[238] 90 days
  • Also eligible for a universal visa allowing access to Zimbabwe.
 X
 Zimbabwe eVisa / Visa on arrival[239] 3 months
  • For tourism purposes only also eligible for a universal visa allowing access to Zambia.
 X

Dependent, disputed, or restricted territories

Unrecognised or partially recognised countries
Territory Conditions of access Notes
 Abkhazia Visa required[240]
 Artsakh Visa on arrival[241] Travelers with Artsakh visa (expired or valid) or evidence of travel to Artsakh (stamps) will be permanently denied entry to Azerbaijan.[242]
 Kosovo Visa not required[243] 90 days
 Northern Cyprus Visa not required[244] 3 months
 Novorossiya Restricted area Crossing from Ukraine requires visit purpose to be explained to Ukrainian passport control on exit and those who entered from Russia are not allowed to proceed further into Ukraine.[245][246]
 Palestine Visa not required[247] Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.[248]
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Undefined visa regime in the Western Sahara controlled territory.
 Somaliland Visa on arrival 30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival.[249][250]
 South Ossetia Visa not required[251][252] 3-day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.
 Taiwan Visa required[253][254]
 Transnistria Visa not required[255] Registration required after 24h.[256][257]

Dependent and autonomous territories
Territory Conditions of access Notes
China
 Hong Kong Visa not required[258] 90 days
 Macau Visa not required[259] 90 days
Denmark
 Faroe Islands Visa not required
 Greenland Visa not required
France
 Clipperton Island Special permit required[260]
 French Guiana Visa required[261] Brazilian citizens may enter French Guiana without a visa in the following cases:
  • up to 15 days for trips organized by an approved travel agency in French Guiana;[85]
  • up to 3 days when in transit to France (including other French territories) or to Brazil;[85]
  • local residents of Oiapoque who are holders of a special card authorising cross-border travel (in which case they can visit only the town of Saint-Georges-de-l'Oyapock for up to 72 hours);
  • members of emergency services.
 French Polynesia Visa not required[262]
French West Indies
Guadeloupe Visa not required
Martinique
Saint Barthélemy
Saint Martin
 Mayotte Visa not required[263]
 New Caledonia Visa not required[264][265]
 Réunion Visa not required[266]
 Saint Pierre and Miquelon Visa not required[267]
 Wallis and Futuna Visa not required[268]
Netherlands
 Aruba Visa not required[269] 30 days, extendable to 180 days[270][271]
Caribbean Netherlands
 Bonaire Visa not required[272] 3 months[273]
 Sint Eustatius
 Saba
 Curaçao Visa not required[274]
 Sint Maarten Visa not required[275][276]
New Zealand
 Cook Islands Visa not required[277] 31 days[278]
 Niue Visa not required[279] 30 days[280]
 Tokelau Permit required[281]
Norway
Jan Mayen Permit required Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours[282] and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[283]
Svalbard Visa not required Unlimited period under Svalbard Treaty.[284]
United Kingdom
 Akrotiri and Dhekelia Visa not required[285]
 Anguilla Visa not required[286][287] 3 months
 Bermuda Visa not required[288] Up to 6 months, decided on arrival.
 British Indian Ocean Territory Special permit required[289]
 British Virgin Islands Visa not required[290] 30 days, extensions possible
 Cayman Islands Visa not required[291] 6 months
 Falkland Islands Visa not required[292][293]
 Gibraltar Visa not required[294]
 Montserrat Visa not required[295] 6 months
 Pitcairn Islands Visa not required 14 days visa free and landing fee 35 USD or tax of 5 USD if not going ashore.[296][297][298]
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
 Saint Helena Visitor's Pass on arrival Visitor's Pass granted on arrival valid for 4/10/21/60/90 days for 12/14/16/20/25 pound sterling.[299]
 Ascension Island eVisa[300][301]
  • 3 months within any year period
 Tristan da Cunha Permission required Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[302]
 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Permit required Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).[303][304]
 Turks and Caicos Islands Visa not required[305] 90 days[306]
United States
 American Samoa Entry permit required[307]
 Guam Visa required[308]
 Northern Mariana Islands Visa required[309]
 Puerto Rico Visa required[310]
 U.S. Virgin Islands Visa required[311]
Antarctica and adjacent islands
Special permits required for  Bouvet Island,  British Antarctic Territory,  French Southern and Antarctic Lands,  Argentine Antarctica, Australian Antarctic Territory, Chilean Antarctic Territory, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Peter I Island, Queen Maud Land, Ross Dependency.[312][313][314][315][316][317][318][319][320][321][322][323]

Other territories

Visas for Cambodia, Myanmar, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sri Lanka and Turkey are obtainable online.[360][361][362][363][364][365][366][367]

Non-visa restrictions

Blank passport pages

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[368] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being available.

Vaccination
An International Certificate of Vaccination required to prove that someone has been vaccinated against yellow fever

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[369]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently.[370]

Passport validity length

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[371] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[372] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[373]

Turkey requires passports to be valid for at least 150 days upon entry.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, Honduras, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova, and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except the Republic of Ireland) together with Switzerland and the United Kingdom also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, and South Africa.

Other countries require either a passport valid on arrival or a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay. Some countries have bilateral agreements with other countries to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[374][375] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[376]

Criminal record

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[377] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record.

Persona non grata

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning their entry into that country. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.

Israeli stamps
Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[378] Lebanon,[379] Libya,[380] Sudan,[381] Syria,[382] and Yemen[383] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel. Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when travelling into and out of Gaza. Also, passports are still stamped (as of 22 June 2017) at the Jordan Valley/Sheikh Hussein and Yitzhak Rabin/Arava land borders with Jordan.

The Saudi Commission for Tourism and National Heritage claims that having an Israeli stamp does not disqualify someone from visiting Saudi Arabia.[384]

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Armenian ethnicity

Due to a state of war existing between Armenia and Azerbaijan, the government of Azerbaijan not only bars entry of Armenian citizens, but also all citizens and nationals of any other country who are of Armenian descent, into the Republic of Azerbaijan.[385][386]

Azerbaijan also strictly bans any visit by foreign citizens to the separatist region of Nagorno-Karabakh[387] (the de facto independent Republic of Artsakh), its surrounding territories, and the Azerbaijani exclaves of Karki, Yuxarı Əskipara, Barxudarlı, and Sofulu which are de jure part of Azerbaijan but under the control of Armenia, without the prior consent of the government of Azerbaijan. Foreign citizens who enter these territories will be permanently banned from entering the Republic of Azerbaijan[388] and will be included in their "list of personae non gratae".[389] As of 2 September 2019, the list mentioned 852 people.

Upon request, the authorities of the largely unrecognised Republic of Artsakh may attach their visa and/or stamps to a separate piece of paper in order to avoid detection of travel to their territory.

Biometrics
A fingerprint scanner at Dulles International Airport collects biometric data on visitors, which can be used for confirming identities.

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to quickly change planes rather than go landside.[390]

Fingerprinting countries include Afghanistan,[391][392] Argentina,[393] Brunei, Cambodia,[394] China,[395] Ethiopia,[396] Ghana, Guinea,[397] India, Japan,[398][399] Kenya (fingerprints and photo),[400] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[401] Paraguay, Saudi Arabia,[402] Singapore, South Korea,[403] Taiwan, Thailand,[404] Uganda[405] and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its legislature),[406] [407] [408] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[409]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[410] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[411][412] The United States Department of Homeland Security has announced plans to greatly increase the biometric data it collects at US borders.[413] In 2018, Singapore began trials of iris scanning at three land and maritime immigration checkpoints.[414][415]

See also

References and Notes
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Notes
    • Cochin
    • Goa
    • Mangalore
    • Vientiane
    • Savannakhet
    • Khammuan
    • Bokeo
    • Panghok - Taichang (Vietnam)
    • Samliemkham - (Thailand and Myanmar)
    • Nonghaed - Nam kanh (Vietnam)
    • Nam phao - Cau treo (Vietnam)
    • Na pao - Cha lo (Vietnam)
    • Daensavan - Lao bao (Vietnam)
    • Veunkham - Nong nok khian (Cambodia)
    • Vang tao - Chongmek (Thailand)
    • Boten - Bo han (China)
    • Nam ngeun - Huay konl (Thailand)
    • Namheuang - Nakaseng (Thailand)
    • Nam soy - Na meo (Vietnam)
    • Phoukeua - Kontoum (Vietnam)
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