Wimbledon (UK Parliament constituency)

Wimbledon is a constituency[n 1] represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament.[n 2] Since 2005, the seat has been represented by Stephen Hammond (Con.).

Wimbledon
Borough constituency
for the House of Commons
Boundary of Wimbledon in Greater London
CountyGreater London
Electorate65,936 (December 2010)[1]
Major settlementsWimbledon, Raynes Park, Morden, Motspur Park
Current constituency
Created1885
Member of ParliamentStephen Hammond
(Conservative)
Number of membersOne
Created fromMid Surrey (northern half of)
During its existence contributed to new seat(s) of:Mitcham
Merton and Morden
(later consolidated)

In June 2016, 70.6% of voters of a referendum preferred to remain in the European Union.[2] In September 2019 the incumbent lost his party's whip for rebelling on a key Brexit vote. He briefly sat as an Independent and the whip was restored on 29 October 2019, with 9 of 21 other rebels of the same party.

History

The area was created by the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 and had lay in Mid Surrey that elected two MPs. The constituency covered great bounds, skirting around Croydon to its south to reach Caterham, Warlingham, Chelsham and Farleigh in the North Downs and bearing formal alternate titles of the Wimbledon Division (of Surrey) and the North East Division of Surrey which in all but the most formal legal writing was written as North East Surrey.[3]

An Act reduced the seat in 1918 to create the Mitcham seat in the south-east; another in 1950 created Merton and Morden in the south.[n 3].

Political history

Since 1885 the seat elected Conservative MPs except for 1945-1950 and 1997-2005, when the Labour candidate won the seat during the party's national landslide years. While the 2005 Conservative majority was marginal, the 2010 majority was 24.1% of the vote, so on the percentage of majority measure, but not on the longevity measure, it bore a safe seat hallmark.[n 4]

In elections to the London Borough of Merton, the seat returns most of the council's Conservative councillors. The hillside and hilltop wards have since 1921 been unpromising territory for any party other than the Conservatives. However, since 1990, the ward of Merton Park has only ever returned councillors for Merton Park Ward Residents Association.[4] Since 1994, the ward of West Barnes, which contains Merton's half of the town of Motspur Park, has swung between the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats; the latter presently hold all three seats in the ward.[5][6][7][8] In the local elections in 2018, Liberal Democrat councillors were elected in the wards of Trinity and Dundonald for the first time in the borough's history. Wards as currently drawn (see fair apportionment for equal numbers of voters) Abbey and Cannon Hill routinely return Labour councillors.[8]

In 2010, the second-placed candidate was a Liberal Democrat. At 25%, this was the highest vote for the Liberal Party/Liberal Democrats in the constituency since 1987. The national collapse in the Liberal Democrat vote at the 2015 election meant that Labour returned to second place in 2015, an order which was repeated in 2017, with a swing of 7.6%.

In the 2016 referendum on the UK's membership of the European Union, the London Borough of Merton, of which the constituency is a part, voted to remain by 62.9%.[9]

Prominent frontbenchers

Boundaries
First form. Extract from 1906 result: the L-shaped mid-tone blue area south of London. The southern limit fell into East Surrey from 1918 onwards.

1885–1918: The Sessional Division of Croydon except so much as is within a district of the Metropolis, the parishes of Caterham, Chelsham, Farley, Warlingham, Merton, and Wimbledon, so much of the Parliamentary Borough of Deptford as is in Surrey, and the area of the Parliamentary Boroughs of Battersea and Clapham, Camberwell, Lambeth, Newington, Southwark, and Wandsworth.

1918–1950: The Municipal Borough of Wimbledon, and the Urban District of Merton and Morden.

Cut-down version of 1918-1945 at a larger scale. Extract from 1923 result: the blue area between Kingston (keeping a SW, Chessington projection) and Mitcham, a new seat from Wimbledon, reaching further south than other semi-urban seats of the greater London area

1950–1955: The Municipal Boroughs of Wimbledon, and Malden and Coombe.

1955–1974: The Municipal Borough of Wimbledon.

1974–1983: The London Borough of Merton wards of Cannon Hill, Priory, West Barnes, Wimbledon East, Wimbledon North, Wimbledon South, and Wimbledon West.

1983–2010: The London Borough of Merton wards of Abbey, Cannon Hill, Dundonald, Durnsford, Hillside, Merton Park, Raynes Park, Trinity, Village, and West Barnes.

2010–present: As above less Durnsford ward and with Wimbledon Park ward added.

Constituency profile

The seat has a commuter-sustained suburban economy with an imposing shopping centre, overwhelmingly privately-built and owned or rented homes and a range of open green spaces, ranging in value from elevated Wimbledon Village - sandwiched between Wimbledon Common and Wimbledon Park[n 5] - where a large tranche of homes exceed £1,000,000 - to Merton Abbey ruins and South Wimbledon, with more social housing in its wards.

Wimbledon station is a southern terminus of the District line, as well as a station on the South West main line. It is also the western terminus of the Croydon Tramlink. South Wimbledon is a station on the Northern line branch to Morden.

Workless claimants who were registered jobseekers were in November 2012 significantly lower than the national average of 3.8%, at 1.5% of the population based on a statistical compilation by The Guardian.[10]

Wards in this area often see a minority of Liberal Democrat and Labour councillors. Voters have quite high median and mean incomes, with an above-average public sector workforce which together means the seat resembles similar Tory-strong seats for London with other party traditions also followed: Richmond Park, Kingston and Surbiton and Putney. As widely touted in opinion polls the runner-up of the 2019 election became the Liberal Democrat.

Members of Parliament
ElectionMember[11] Party
1885Cosmo BonsorConservative
1900Eric HambroConservative
1907 by-electionHenry ChaplinConservative
1916 by-electionSir Stuart CoatsConservative
1918Sir Joseph HoodConservative
1924Sir John PowerConservative
1945Arthur PalmerLabour
1950Sir Cyril BlackConservative
1970Sir Michael HaversConservative
1987Dr. Charles Goodson-WickesConservative
1997Roger CasaleLabour
2005 Stephen Hammond Conservative
September 2019 Independent
December 2019 Conservative

Election results
Results of House of Commons seat Wimbledon since 1950 - it having lost substantial territory immediately beforehand due to local population and housing expansion.

Elections in the 2010s
General election 2019: Wimbledon[12]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Stephen Hammond 20,373 38.4 8.1
Liberal Democrats Paul Kohler 19,745 37.2 22.7
Labour Jackie Schneider 12,543 23.7 11.9
Independent Graham Hadley 366 0.7 N/A
Majority 628 1.2 9.7
Turnout 53,027 77.7 0.6
Registered electors 68,232
Conservative hold Swing 15.4
General election 2017: Wimbledon[13][14]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Stephen Hammond 23,946 46.5 5.6
Labour Imran Uddin[n 6] 18,324 35.6 9.6
Liberal Democrats Carl Quilliam 7,472 14.5 1.8
Green Charles Barraball 1,231 2.4 1.7
UKIP Strachan McDonald 553 1.1 4.0
Majority 5,622 10.9 15.2
Turnout 51,526 77.2 3.7
Registered electors 66,780
Conservative hold Swing 7.6
General election 2015: Wimbledon[16][17]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Stephen Hammond 25,225 52.1 3.0
Labour Andrew Judge 12,606 26.0 3.8
Liberal Democrats Shas Sheehan 6,129 12.7 12.3
UKIP Peter Bucklitsch 2,476 5.1 3.2
Green Charles Barraball 1,986 4.1 2.9
Majority 12,619 26.1 2.0
Turnout 48,422 73.5 0.5
Registered electors 65,853
Conservative hold Swing −0.4
General election 2010: Wimbledon[18]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Stephen Hammond 23,257 49.1 7.7
Liberal Democrats Shas Sheehan 11,849 25.0 6.8
Labour Andrew Judge 10,550 22.3 13.4
UKIP Mark McAleer 914 1.9 1.0
Green Rajeev Thacker 590 1.2 1.9
Christian David Martin 235 0.5 N/A
Majority 11,408 24.1 18.8
Turnout 47,395 73.0 5.2
Registered electors 65,723
Conservative hold Swing +0.4

Elections in the 2000s
General election 2005: Wimbledon[19]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Stephen Hammond 17,886 41.2 4.6
Labour Roger Casale 15,585 35.9 9.8
Liberal Democrats Stephen M. Gee 7,868 18.1 5.1
Green Giles T.Barrow 1,374 3.2 0.8
UKIP Andrew T. Mills 408 0.9 0.1
Independent Christopher J. Coverdale 211 0.5 N/A
Tiger's Eye - the Party for Kids Alastair P. Wilson 50 0.1 N/A
Rainbow Dream Ticket George Weiss 22 0.1 N/A
Majority 2,301 5.3 3.8
Turnout 43,404 68.1 3.8
Registered electors 63,696
Conservative gain from Labour Swing +7.2
General election 2001: Wimbledon[20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Roger Casale 18,806 45.7 2.9
Conservative Stephen Hammond 15,062 36.6 0.0
Liberal Democrats Martin D. Pierce 5,341 13.0 3.6
Green Rajeev K. Thacker 1,007 2.4 1.4
Christian Peoples Alliance Roger E. Glencross 479 1.2 N/A
UKIP Mariana Bell 414 1.0 N/A
Majority 3,744 9.1 2.9
Turnout 41,109 64.3 11.1
Registered electors 63,930
Labour hold Swing +1.5

Elections in the 1990s
General election 1997: Wimbledon[21]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Roger Casale 20,674 42.8 19.5
Conservative Charles Goodson-Wickes 17,684 36.6 16.4
Liberal Democrats Alison L. Willott 8,014 16.6 4.7
Referendum Abid Hameed 993 2.1 N/A
Green Rajeev K. Thacker 474 1.0 0.7
ProLife Alliance Sophie A.H. Davies 346 0.7 N/A
Mongolian Barbeque Great Place to Party Matthew G. Kirby 112 0.2 N/A
Rainbow Dream Ticket Graham L. Stacey 47 0.1 N/A
Majority 2,990 6.2 N/A
Turnout 48,344 75.4 2.7
Registered electors 64,113
Labour gain from Conservative Swing −17.9
General election 1992: Wimbledon[22]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Charles Goodson-Wickes 26,331 53.0 2.10
Labour Kingsley J. Abrams 11,570 23.3 1.70
Liberal Democrats Alison L. Willott 10,569 21.3 N/A
Green Vaughan H. Flood 860 1.7 N/A
Natural Law Hugh R.A. Godfrey 181 0.4 N/A
Independent Graham W. Hadley 170 0.3 N/A
Majority 14,761 29.7 6.26
Turnout 49,681 80.2 4.11
Registered electors 61,917
Conservative hold Swing

Elections in the 1980s
General election 1987: Wimbledon[23]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Charles Goodson-Wickes 24,538 50.9 1.3
Liberal Adrian Slade 13,237 27.5 0.3
Labour Christine Bickerstaff 10,428 21.6 2.66
Majority 11,301 23.44 1.43
Turnout 48,203 76.09 3.69
Registered electors 63,353
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1983: Wimbledon[24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Michael Havers 24,169 52.06 3.04
Liberal David J. Twigg 12,623 27.19 11.99
Labour R.B. Tansey 8,806 18.97 9.51
Ecology Antony Jones 717 1.54 N/A
Party of Associates with Licensees E.J. Weakner 114 0.25 N/A
Majority 11,546 24.87 1.74
Turnout 46,429 72.40 4.02
Registered electors 64,132
Conservative hold Swing

Elections in the 1970s
General election 1979: Wimbledon
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Michael Havers 27,567 55.10 6.57
Labour R.B. Tansey 14,252 28.48 2.64
Liberal David J. Twigg 7,604 15.20 5.63
National Front A. Bailey 612 1.22 N/A
Majority 13,315 26.61 8.72
Turnout 50,035 76.42 7.62
Registered electors 65,471
Conservative hold Swing
General election October 1974: Wimbledon
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Michael Havers 23,615 48.53 0.09
Labour K. Bill 14,909 30.64 2.39
Liberal K. Searby 10,133 20.83 3.86
Majority 8,706 17.89 4.48
Turnout 48,657 68.80 8.95
Registered electors 70,726
Conservative hold Swing
General election February 1974: Wimbledon
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Michael Havers 26,542 48.62 4.85
Labour K. Bill 14,329 26.25 3.67
Liberal K. Searby 13,478 24.69 8.08
Independent Bill Boaks 240 0.44 N/A
Majority 12,213 22.37 1.17
Turnout 54,589 77.75 11.92
Registered electors 70,210
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1970: Wimbledon
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Michael Havers 15,285 53.47 3.14
Labour Ralph C. Holmes 8,554 29.92 1.61
Liberal John Reginald MacDonald 4,749 16.61 2.19
Majority 6,731 23.54 4.74
Turnout 28,588 66.83 8.16
Registered electors 42,774
Conservative hold Swing

Elections in the 1960s
General election 1966: Wimbledon
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Cyril Black 15,191 50.33 1.70
Labour Tom Braddock 9,517 31.53 2.53
Liberal John Reginald MacDonald 5,475 18.14 0.83
Majority 5,674 18.80 4.22
Turnout 30,183 74.99 0.11
Registered electors 40,248
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1964: Wimbledon
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Cyril Black 15,952 52.03 14.83
Labour John R. Daly 8.891 29.00 4.15
Liberal George Scott 5,817 18.97 N/A
Majority 7,061 23.02 10.69
Turnout 30,660 74.88 3.55
Registered electors 40,947
Conservative hold Swing

Elections in the 1950s
General election 1959: Wimbledon
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Cyril Black 21,538 66.86 1.31
Labour Lawrence M. Kershaw 10,678 33.15 1.31
Majority 10,860 33.71 2.61
Turnout 32,216 78.43 0.16
Registered electors 42,151
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1955: Wimbledon
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Cyril Black 22,112 65.55 0.98
Labour Greville Janner 11,622 34.45 0.98
Majority 10,490 31.10 1.95
Turnout 33,734 78.27 4.07
Registered electors 43,099
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1951: Wimbledon
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Cyril Black 42,218 66.53 5.20
Labour Charles H. Ford 21,242 33.47 2.61
Majority 20,976 33.05 2.58
Turnout 63,460 82.34 3.38
Registered electors 77,067
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1950: Wimbledon
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Cyril Black 40,339 61.33 18.94
Labour George Leonard Deacon 20,296 30.86 13.55
Liberal Ian Forester Gibson 5,136 7.81 1.75
Majority 20,043 30.47 N/A
Turnout 65,771 85.72 7.65
Registered electors 76,728
Conservative gain from Labour Swing

Substantial loss of territory to create Mitcham and Morden

Elections in the 1940s
General election 1945: Wimbledon
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Arthur Palmer 30,188 44.41 12.25
Conservative Geoffrey Paul Hardy-Roberts[25] 28,820 42.39 25.45
Liberal A.D. Kay 6,501 9.56 N/A
Common Wealth K. Horne 2,472 3.64 N/A
Majority 1,368 2.01 N/A
Turnout 67,981 78.07 10.47
Registered electors 89,363
Labour gain from Conservative Swing

Elections in the 1930s
General election 1935: Wimbledon
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative John Power 36,816 67.84 12.54
Labour Tom Braddock 17,452 32.16 12.54
Majority 19,364 35.68 25.09
Turnout 54,268 67.60 3.35
Registered electors 80,283
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1931: Wimbledon
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative John Power 39,643 80.38 26.98
Labour Tom Braddock 9,674 19.62 4.58
Majority 29,969 60.77 41.57
Turnout 49,317 70.95 2.15
Registered electors 69,508
Conservative hold Swing

Elections in the 1920s
General election 1929: Wimbledon [26]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Unionist John Power 21,902 53.4 20.8
Labour Tom Braddock 9,924 24.2 1.6
Liberal Arthur Peters 9,202 22.4 N/A
Majority 11,978 29.2 19.2
Turnout 41,028 68.8 3.4
Registered electors 59,654
Unionist hold Swing −9.6
General election 1924: Wimbledon [26]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Unionist John Power 21,209 74.2 4.4
Labour Mark Starr 7,386 25.8 4.4
Majority 13,823 48.4 8.8
Turnout 28,595 72.2 14.9
Registered electors 39,604
Unionist hold Swing +4.4
General election 1923: Wimbledon [26]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Unionist Joseph Hood 15,495 69.8 1.9
Labour Mark Starr 6,717 30.2 N/A
Majority 8,778 39.6 3.8
Turnout 22,212 57.3 4.7
Registered electors 38,793
Unionist hold Swing −1.9
General election 1922: Wimbledon [26]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Unionist Joseph Hood 16,751 71.7 9.9
Liberal Robert Oswald Moon 6,627 28.3 N/A
Majority 10,124 43.4 19.8
Turnout 23,378 62.0 15.9
Registered electors 37,677
Unionist hold Swing −9.9

Elections in the 1910s
General election 1918: Wimbledon [26]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
C Unionist Joseph Hood 13,652 81.6 N/A
Independent G.M. Edwardes Jones 3,079 18.4 N/A
Majority 10,573 63.2 N/A
Turnout 16,731 46.1 N/A
Registered electors 36,258
Unionist hold Swing N/A
C indicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government.
1916 Wimbledon by-election [27]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Stuart Coats 8,970 55.6 N/A
Independent Kennedy Jones 7,159 44.4 N/A
Majority 1,811 11.2 N/A
Turnout 16,129 46.5 N/A
Registered electors 34,719
Conservative hold Swing N/A
General election December 1910: Wimbledon [27]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Henry Chaplin Unopposed
Registered electors 27,810
Conservative hold
General election January 1910: Wimbledon[27]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Henry Chaplin 14,445 61.8 5.6
Liberal A. L. Holland 8,930 38.2 5.6
Majority 5,515 23.6 11.2
Turnout 23,375 84.1 6.8
Registered electors 27,810
Conservative hold Swing +5.6

Elections in the 1900s
1907 Wimbledon by-election[27]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Henry Chaplin 10,263 75.7 19.5
Independent Liberal Bertrand Russell 3,299 24.3 N/A
Majority 6,694 51.4 39.0
Turnout 13,562 57.2 20.1
Registered electors 23,702
Conservative hold Swing N/A
General election 1906: Wimbledon[27]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Eric Hambro 9,523 56.2 N/A
Liberal St. George Lane Fox-Pitt 7,409 43.8 N/A
Majority 2,114 12.4 N/A
Turnout 16,932 77.3 N/A
Registered electors 21,899
Conservative hold Swing N/A
General election 1900: Wimbledon[27]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Eric Hambro Unopposed
Registered electors
Conservative hold

Elections in the 1890s
General election 1895: Wimbledon[27]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Cosmo Bonsor Unopposed
Registered electors
Conservative hold
General election 1892: Wimbledon[27]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Cosmo Bonsor 7,397 74.0 N/A
Liberal Thomas Arthur Meates 2,602 26.0 N/A
Majority 4,795 48.0 N/A
Turnout 9,999 64.2 N/A
Registered electors 15,582
Conservative hold Swing N/A

Elections in the 1880s
General election 1886: Wimbledon[27]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Cosmo Bonsor Unopposed
Registered electors
Conservative hold
General election 1885: Wimbledon[27]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Cosmo Bonsor 6,189 62.3 N/A
Liberal John Cooper[28] 3,745 37.7 N/A
Majority 2,444 24.6 N/A
Turnout 9,934 70.5 N/A
Registered electors 14,086
Conservative win (new seat)

See also
  • List of Parliamentary constituencies in Greater London

Notes and references
Notes
  1. A borough constituency (for the purposes of election expenses and type of returning officer)
  2. As with all constituencies, the constituency elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election at least every five years.
  3. Later these merged to form Mitcham and Morden
  4. The other measure is the historic measure which was met also in this instance until 1997.
  5. This is where the All-England lawn tennis club and the croquet club where The Championships are held in June each year.
  6. The day before the vote Cllr Uddin (Labour) and his solicitors' business co-owner had their practising certificates suspended by their professional regulator, who seized the business' files and took control of its accounts. Crescent Law, the firm, specialises in personal injury. An investigation was opened into possible misconduct or unethical practices; it was set to report within weeks. Cllr Uddin remained on the ballot paper and his local Party took no action given the early stage of the intervention.[15]
References
  1. "Electorate Figures - Boundary Commission for England". 2011 Electorate Figures. Boundary Commission for you England. 4 March 2011. Archived from the original on 6 November 2010. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
  2. Library, House of Commons (February 6, 2017). "Brexit: votes by constituency".
  3. Great Britain, Incorporated Council of Law Reporting for England and Wales. "The public general acts". Proprietors of the Law Journal Reports, 1884 – via Internet Archive.
  4. "Merton Park Ward Residents Association". www.mertonpark.org.uk. Retrieved 2017-04-19.
  5. "London Borough of Merton Local Elections Statistics 1994" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-08-31. Retrieved 19 April 2017.
  6. "Merton London Borough Council Election Results, 2002" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-08-31. Retrieved 19 April 2017.
  7. Services, CS - Electoral. "Council election results 2010". www.merton.gov.uk. Retrieved 2017-04-19.
  8. "Merton Council Elections 2018 Wards Summary". democracy.merton.gov.uk. 3 May 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
  9. "EU Referendum Results". BBC News. Retrieved 2017-04-19.
  10. Unemployment claimants by constituency The Guardian
  11. Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "W" (part 4)
  12. "Election of a Member of Parliament for the Wimbledon Constituency" (PDF). London Borough of Merton. 14 November 2019.
  13. "Wimbledon parliamentary constituency". BBC News.
  14. http://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-7979/CBP-7979.pdf
  15. "Labour candidate in Wimbledon faces 'dishonesty' investigation". Evening Standard. 7 June 2017. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
  16. Election Data 2015, Electoral Calculus, 17 October 2015
  17. Services, CS-Democracy (May 7, 2015). "Councillors". democracy.merton.gov.uk.
  18. "Election Data 2010". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  19. "Election Data 2005". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  20. "Election Data 2001". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  21. "Election Data 1997". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  22. "Election Data 1992". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  23. "Election Data 1987". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  24. "Election Data 1983". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  25. "Hardy-Roberts, Brig. Sir Geoffrey (Paul)". Liddell Hart Military Archives. King's College London. Missing or empty |url= (help)
  26. British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949, FWS Craig
  27. Craig, FWS, ed. (1974). British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885-1918. London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 9781349022984.
  28. "General Election". Liverpool Mercury. 27 November 1885. p. 6. Retrieved 15 December 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.

Further reading
  • Iain Dale, ed. (2003). The Times House of Commons 1929, 1931, 1935. Politico's (reprint). ISBN 1-84275-033-X.
  • The Times House of Commons 1945. The Times. 1945.
  • The Times House of Commons 1950. The Times. 1950.
  • The Times House of Commons 1955. The Times. 1955.

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