Torta

In Spain and various countries of Latin America, the word torta, in a very common usage, is for sweet cakes (tortes), such as a wedding or birthday cake. This meaning is also present in other European languages. For example, the Italian torta, German torte or French tarte. In Mexico, the sweet cake is normally referred to as pastel, which is also used in other parts of Latin America with this meaning. Huevo en torta (not to be confused with torta de huevo) is a typical pastry from Sobrarbe, Aragon, Spain. Also it could mean a sandwich made from a bread called bolillo meat and vegetables

In the southern Philippines, in Visayas and Mindanao torta is generally used to refer to small cakes. It usually refers to mamón or torta mamón, a native porous sponge cake delicacy that resembles a large cupcake with butter, sugar, and/or cheese on top, traditionally served with sikwate (a thick, hot drink made of ground roasted cacao seeds) for afternoon snack or merienda.[1][2]

In Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Swedish, Italian, Portuguese and Bulgarian word for cake, typically made with layered sponge and cream, chocolate or fruit filling.

Also in Arabic all kinds of tarts are called torta.

Torta (plural tortas) is served either hot or cold, on an oblong white sandwich roll, derived from Mexican cuisine. Borrowed from Spanish torta, from Late Latin torta, from torta panis (“twisted bread”), from feminine of Latin tortus (“twisted, folded over”). Cognate to tart.

Torta in Spain originated in different regional variants of flatbread, of which the torta de gazpacho[3] and torta cenceña[4] are still surviving in certain areas of Central Spain. Tortas are also mentioned in Leviticus 24:5-9, in the Spanish translation of the Bible. Presently, however, the word torta is also applied to different kinds of bread and pastry products according to the region.

Historically, the difference between torta and bread was its round and flat shape, as well as the use of baking soda/powder as the proofing agent instead of yeast. In most regions, a torta was traditionally considered an inferior form of bread, as the well known Spanish aphorism expresses:

In Mexico a variation says: A falta de pan, tortillas ("Where there is no bread, tortillas are fine"). However, the term "torta" in Mexico typically refers to a sandwich made with bread (see Mexico section, below, for more details).

Torta frita is a fried flatbread eaten in Uruguay, Argentina and the Chilean Patagonia.

Tortang gulay, a Philippine vegetable omelette

Tortang Okra, a Filipino omelette dish prepared with eggs, okra, onions and seasonings.

In the northern Philippines, particularly among Tagalog-speaking provinces and islands, torta refers to a kind of omelette made with eggs or eggplant, ground meat (usually beef or pork), and sometimes minced onion and potato.[5]

Tortas can be served any time during the day. There are many variations on Filipino tortas, such as:

• Tortang giniling or tortang picadillo - an omelette with ground meat (usually beef or pork) and sautéed vegetables.[6]
• Tortang gulay - an omelette with peppers, mushrooms, onion, and garlic.
• Tortang kalabasa - an omelette made with finely julienned calabaza, eggs, flour, and salt.[7]
• Tortang kamote - an omelette made with mashed sweet potato, eggs, flour, and salt.
• Tortang talong - an eggplant fritter.[8][9]
• Tortang okra - an omelette with thinly sliced okra, onion, and garlic.[10]

Torta de huevo is a small fried mixture of scrambled eggs, usually eaten sandwiched in bread.

In Italian, “torta” means simply cake, however sweet or savoury. However, in the US, it came to have a different meaning within the Italian-American community.

The Italian torta is differentiated from crostata by the filling: a crostata has an inconsistent chunky filling, whereas a torta has a consistent filling made of blended ingredients.[11]

Some falsely believe that an Italian crust torta is a combination of layered cheeses and tomatoes to be spread onto bread. Italian torta is a pie similar to quiche and served as a brunch item. However, torta is different than quiche as the crust is mostly made of cheese, not egg. The crust can also be made from pizza dough. Ingredients vary as there are many variations of this torta. Traditional Italian torta usually includes ricotta cheese, parmesan, parsley, and onion. There are also variations that contain meat and some that are completely vegetarian. These vegetarian torte sometimes contain artichokes and spices for flavor. This torta is made in a springform pan instead of a traditional pie pan.[12]

Torta in Brazil and other Portuguese speaking countries refers to a pie which can be a sweet or savory dish.

Torta in Malta means a pie, which can be sweet or savoury.

Most “tortas” are generally savoury, with a classic Maltese dish being “torta tal-lampuki” (lampuki, singular lampuka, are a type of common fish found in Maltese waters).

A common example of a sweet Maltese torta is “torta tal-lewz” (lewz, singular lewza, means almonds in Maltese. Almonds are a very common ingredient in Maltese cuisine, although some people prefer to use marzipan over almonds, either because of ease, taste preference or cost.

In Venezuela, Chile, and Uruguay, people typically refer to dessert cakes as "tortas."

Mexican-style torta with typical accompaniments

Mexican torta ahogada, a pork sandwich with chili/tomato sauce, onion slices and lime juice

In Mexico, a torta is a kind of sandwich,[13] served on one of two types of white sandwich rolls. The first is similar to a small baguette, and may be referred to as a bolillo, birote, or pan francés depending on region. The second is a flat, oblong, soft roll called a telera. Tortas can be eaten cold or hot, and grilled or toasted in a press in the same manner as a Cuban sandwich.

Garnishes such as avocado, chili pepper (usually poblano or jalapeño), tomato, and onion are common. The dish is popular throughout Mexico, and is also available anywhere with a large Mexican population. In Northern Mexico, the torta is very frequently called lonche by influence of the English "lunch", as it may be eaten during lunch break.

The sandwich is normally named according to its main ingredient:

• Torta de jamón, ham-filled torta
• Torta de aguacate, avocado-filled torta
• Torta de adobada, adobo meat-filled torta
• Torta de huevo, scrambled eggs-filled torta
• Torta de milanesa, milanesa meat-filled torta
• Tortope, chicken sope-filled torta

The torta ahogada (meaning "drowned" torta) of Guadalajara is smothered in a red sauce. Different fillings are available and they may be mixed to create an original torta.

The Torta Cubana is another take on the classic torta sandwich Mexico has been accredited for. As the name implies by meaning literally the "Cuban Torta", this sandwich is stuffed with a variety of meats that is dependent on where it is being made. This sandwich should not be confused for the Cuban sandwich by the similar name, the "Cubano" as the two sandwiches are not related. One may have come before the other, but this coincidence in names is not to be taken seriously as the Mexicans decided to name this dish after the street it was invented on, the Calle Republica de Cuba in Mexico City.[14] To add on to the contrasts, the breads used to make the sandwiches are different, and the condiments of the sandwiches varies.

Due to the practicality of being hand-carried, tortas are sold at massive events, such as football matches, parades, and outdoor concerts, but they are also available for breakfast, lunch, or dinner at dedicated establishments or sold as street food by food carts.

The origin of the torta is unclear, but some claim it sprouted in Puebla due to Spanish-French interaction.[15] Teleras (the bread usually used in tortas) were inspired by French baguettes.[16]