Next Catalan regional election

The next Catalan regional election will be held no later than Friday, 4 February 2022, to elect the 13th Parliament of the autonomous community of Catalonia. All 135 seats in the Parliament will be up for election.

Next Catalan regional election
No later than 4 February 2022
(Tentatively scheduled for 2020)[lower-alpha 1]
All 135 seats in the Parliament of Catalonia
68 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
 
Leader Lorena Roldán Carles Puigdemont[lower-alpha 2] TBD
Party Cs JxCat–Junts ERC–CatSí
Leader since 26 July 2019 13 November 2017 —
Leader's seat Tarragona Barcelona —
Last election 36 seats, 25.4% 34 seats, 21.7% 32 seats, 21.4%
Current seats 36 33 32
Seats needed 32 35 36
 
Leader Miquel Iceta Jéssica Albiach Carles Riera
Party PSC–PSOE CatComú–Podem CUP
Leader since 19 July 2014 18 September 2018 15 November 2017
Leader's seat Barcelona Barcelona Barcelona
Last election 17 seats, 13.9% 8 seats, 7.5% 4 seats, 4.5%
Current seats 17 8 4
Seats needed 51 60 64
 
Leader Alejandro Fernández
Party PP
Leader since 10 November 2018
Leader's seat Tarragona
Last election 4 seats, 4.2%
Current seats 4
Seats needed 64
Constituency results map for the Parliament of Catalonia
Incumbent President

Quim Torra
Independent (JuntsxCat)

After the 2017 election, pro-Catalan independence parties secured a parliamentary majority, electing Quim Torra as new Catalan president after attempts to have Carles Puigdemont and Jordi Turull elected to the office were foiled by Spanish courts. On 19 December 2019, Torra was sentenced by the High Court of Justice of Catalonia (TSJC) to a year and a half of disqualification from holding any elected office and/or from exercising government powers, in addition to a fine of €30,000, for disobeying the Central Electoral Commission (JEC) by not withdrawing partisan symbols from the Palau de la Generalitat's facade and not guaranteeing the institution's neutrality during the April 2019 Spanish general election campaign.[6][7] The JEC determined that Torra was to be immediately stripped of his status as legislator, a decision made effective on 27 January 2020 with the approval of the parliament's speaker, Roger Torrent.[8] This sparked a crisis within the governing coalition formed by Junts per Catalunya (JxCat) and Torrent's party Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC),[9] leading Torra to announce on 29 January that he would call a snap election once the 2020 budget got the final approval of parliament in March.[10][11]

Overview

Electoral system

The Parliament of Catalonia is the devolved, unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Catalonia, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution and the Catalan Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a regional president.[12]

As a result of no regional electoral law having been approved since the re-establishment of Catalan autonomy, the electoral procedure comes regulated under Transitory Provision Fourth of the 1979 Statute, supplemented by the provisions within the Organic Law of General Electoral Regime.[lower-alpha 3] Voting for the Parliament is on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprises all nationals over eighteen, registered in Catalonia and in full enjoyment of their political rights. Additionally, Catalans abroad are required to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Spanish: Voto rogado).[13] The 135 members of the Parliament of Catalonia are elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with a threshold of three percent of valid votes—which includes blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Parties not reaching the threshold are not taken into consideration for seat distribution. Seats are allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Barcelona, Girona, Lleida and Tarragona, with each being allocated a fixed number of seats: 85 for Barcelona, 17 for Girona, 15 for Lleida and 18 for Tarragona.[12][14]

The use of the D'Hondt method may result in a higher effective threshold, depending on the district magnitude.[15]

Election date

The term of the Parliament of Catalonia expires four years after the date of its previous election, unless it is dissolved earlier. The regional president is required to call an election fifteen days prior to the date of expiry of parliament, with election day taking place within from forty to sixty days after the call. The previous election was held on 21 December 2017, which means that the legislature's term will expire on 21 December 2021. The election is required to be called no later than 6 December 2021, with it taking place up to the sixtieth day from the call, setting the latest possible election date for the Parliament on Friday, 4 February 2022.[12]

The president has the prerogative to dissolve the Parliament of Catalonia and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence is in process and that dissolution does not occur before one year has elapsed since a previous one under this procedure. In the event of an investiture process failing to elect a regional president within a two-month period from the first ballot, the Parliament is to be automatically dissolved and a fresh election called.[12]

On 29 January 2020, President Quim Torra announced that he would be calling a snap election to be held at some point throughout 2020 once the parliamentary procedures for the budget's approval were finalized,[11] after a government crisis erupted between Junts per Catalunya (JxCat) and Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) over Torra's disqualification as legislator,[9][10] resulting from a court ruling condemning Torra for disobeying the Central Electoral Commission by not withdrawing partisan symbols from the Palau de la Generalitat's facade and not guaranteeing the institution's neutrality during the April 2019 Spanish general election campaign.[6][7]

While the budget's parliamentary transaction timetable was due to be over by 18 March, meaning that an election could be held as soon as Monday, 11 May, if called immediately—or 17 May if the long-term tradition of holding elections on a Sunday is kept[1][2]—members from both JxCat and ERC hinted that the election could be delayed until after the summer, to be held in September–October 2020.[3][4] The risk existed that, in the meantime, the Supreme Court issued a firm ruling on Torra's disqualification that removed him from the president's office and thus deprived him of the prerogative of parliament dissolution.[2][5] The announcement of a possible snap 2020 election in Catalonia had the immediate side effect of triggering an early election in the Basque Country for 5 April, as Lehendakari Iñigo Urkullu sought to distance himself from the convoluted Catalan political landscape by avoiding any interference with the Basque election, which was initially not scheduled until autumn 2020.[16] This in turn precipitated the end of the legislature in Galicia, with regional president Alberto Núñez Feijóo announcing a snap election to be held simultaneously with the Basque one.[17]

Parliamentary status

The table below shows the status of the different parliamentary groups in the Parliament at the present time.[18]

Current parliamentary composition
Groups Parties Legislators
Seats Total
Citizens Cs 36 36
Together for Catalonia PDeCAT 13 33
INDEP 20[lower-alpha 4]
Republican ERC 30 32
DC 2
Socialist and United to Advance PSC 16 17
Els Units 1
Catalonia in Common–We Can CatComú 4 8
Podem 4
Mixed CUP 4 8
PP 4

Parties and candidates

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election are required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.[19]

Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which will likely contest the election:

Candidacy Parties and
alliances		 Leading candidate Ideology Previous result Gov. Ref.
Votes (%) Seats
Cs Lorena Roldán Liberalism 25.35% 36 N [20]
JxCat–Junts Carles Puigdemont[lower-alpha 2] Catalan independence
Liberalism		 21.66% 34 Y
ERC–CatSí TBD Catalan independence
Social democracy		 21.38% 32 Y [21]
PSC–PSOE Miquel Iceta Social democracy 13.86% 17 N [22]
CatComú–
Podem		 Jéssica Albiach Left-wing populism
Direct democracy
Eco-socialism		 7.46% 8 N [23]
[24]
CUP Carles Riera Catalan independence
Anti-capitalism
Socialism		 4.46% 4 N
PP Alejandro Fernández Conservatism
Christian democracy		 4.24% 4 N [25]
Vox TBD Right-wing populism
Ultranationalism
National conservatism		 Did not contest N

After Torra's announcement of a snap election to be held at some point throughout 2020, speculation arose that both Citizens (Cs) and the People's Party (PP) would try to form a Navarra Suma-inspired electoral alliance of right-from-centre political forces ahead of the election after both parties had shown a willingness to such agreement.[26][27] Far-right party Vox discarded itself from joining any such coalition and announced that it would run on its own instead.[28] On 31 January 2020, Cs spokesperson in the Congress of Deputies Inés Arrimadas hinted at the possibility of such agreement being exported to Galicia and the Basque Country as well under the "Better United" umbrella (Spanish: Mejor Unidos), excluding Vox from such arrangement.[29][30] Former French prime minister Manuel Valls, who had run in the 2019 Barcelona City Council election within Cs's lists and had broken up with the party shortly thereafter, was said to be exploring the possibility of launching an electoral platform of his own for the incoming regional election.[31]

Opinion polls

The table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a given poll. When available, seat projections are also displayed below the voting estimates in a smaller font. 68 seats are required for an absolute majority in the Parliament of Catalonia.

Polling firm/Commissioner Fieldwork date Sample size Turnout Lead
ElectoPanel/Electomanía[p 1][p 2] 1 Apr–15 May 2020 ? ? 9.6
13		 21.2
32		 21.1
32		 19.5
26		 8.7
10		 6.5
8		 8.7
11		 3.5
3		 – 0.1
GESOP/El Periódico[p 3] 29 Apr–8 May 2020 1,455 ? 12.9
17/18		 16.8
25/26		 25.2
40/41		 18.0
25/26		 7.7
8/9		 6.1
8		 6.3
7/8		 3.8
4		 – 7.2
GESOP/CEO[p 4] 10 Feb–9 Mar 2020 2,000 70 12.8
16/18		 18.6
28/30		 23.0
33/35		 17.4
23/24		 10.9
13/14		 7.1
8/9		 5.5
7/8		 3.0
0/2		 – 4.4
GAD3/ABC[p 5][32] 21–26 Feb 2020 800 ? 8.9
12		 15.4
24		 28.1
43		 20.8
27		 8.1
10		 4.9
6		 7.2
9		 4.4
4		 – 7.3
KeyData/Público[p 6] 6 Feb 2020 ? 80.9 12.0
17		 19.1
30		 23.7
35		 18.0
24		 9.1
11		 7.0
9		 4.6
5		 4.0
4		 – 4.6
GAD3/La Vanguardia[p 7][p 8] 3–6 Feb 2020 800 70.7 [lower-alpha 5] 20.0
31		 25.2
38		 21.1
27		 8.9
10		 5.2
7		 [lower-alpha 5] 3.7
3		 14.5
19		 4.1
70.7 8.5
12		 19.8
31		 24.9
37		 20.3
27		 8.8
10		 5.1
6		 6.7
8		 4.4
4		 – 4.6
ERC[p 9] 2 Feb 2020 ? ? – ?
25		 ?
37		 ?
28		 – ?
10		 – – – ?
SocioMétrica/El Español[p 10][p 11] 2 Feb 2020 ? ? [lower-alpha 5] 18.6
29		 23.0
35		 19.4
25		 10.0
12		 6.2
8		 [lower-alpha 5] 4.8
5		 17.0
21/23		 3.6
? 10.9
14		 18.6
29		 23.0
35		 19.4
25		 10.0
12		 6.2
8		 6.1
7		 4.8
5		 – 3.6
NC Report/La Razón[p 12] 27–31 Jan 2020 1,000 73.8 10.3
14		 19.5
31		 21.0
32		 17.4
24		 8.3
10		 5.9
8		 8.9
12		 6.3
4		 – 1.5
GESOP/El Periódico[p 13] 27–31 Jan 2020 1,435 ? 12.8
16/17		 19.0
29/30		 22.0
33/34		 16.9
22/23		 9.4
11/12		 6.6
8/9		 4.8
5/6		 5.5
6/7		 – 3.0
ElectoPanel/Electomanía[p 14][p 15] 27–29 Jan 2020 1,500 ? [lower-alpha 5] 20.0
30		 20.7
31		 20.1
26		 8.8
10		 7.8
10		 [lower-alpha 5] 5.0
5		 16.7
23		 0.6
? 7.4
9		 20.0
31		 20.7
31		 19.4
27		 8.8
10		 7.8
10		 8.4
11		 6.2
6		 – 0.7
CatComú[p 16] Dec 2019 1,002 ? 12.1 15.6 25.3 20.9 10.8 5.3 4.3 5.0 – 4.4
GESOP/CEO[p 17] 14 Nov–5 Dec 2019 1,500 70 12.0
14/16		 19.0
29/31		 25.4
38/39		 18.0
24/25		 10.2
11/13		 7.3
9/10		 4.3
4/5		 2.0
0/2		 – 6.4
ElectoPanel/Electomanía[p 18] 27–30 Nov 2019 2,000 ? 7.2
9		 15.8
24		 22.0
34		 18.4
25		 8.1
10		 10.0
13		 7.9
10		 7.5
10		 – 3.6
NC Report/La Razón[p 19] 18–22 Nov 2019 1,000 74.4 11.6
17		 19.2
31		 21.2
32		 16.8
24		 7.7
9		 5.6
7		 8.8
12		 6.4
3		 – 2.0
November 2019 general election 10 Nov 2019 N/A 69.4 5.6
6		 13.7
22		 22.6
35		 20.5
29		 14.2
18		 6.4
7		 7.4
10		 6.3
8		 – 1.9
ElectoPanel/Electomanía[p 20] 16–19 Oct 2019 2,000 ? 15.1
21		 12.3
19		 24.5
38		 17.6
24		 8.2
10		 10.5
13		 6.0
7		 3.3
3		 – 6.9
ElectoPanel/Electomanía[p 21] 14–15 Oct 2019 1,000 ? 13.1
18		 15.1
24		 24.3
37		 20.2
26		 8.0
10		 7.9
11		 5.0
5		 4.0
4		 – 4.1
NC Report/La Razón[p 22][p 23] 1–5 Oct 2019 1,000 71.1 19.0
27		 15.1
23		 24.0
39		 19.9
28		 5.9
7		 5.4
5		 5.5
6		 1.9
0		 – 4.1
ElectoPanel/Electomanía[p 24] 11 Sep 2019 ? ? 15.2
21		 15.8
24		 25.3
40		 20.1
29		 7.6
8		 5.4
5		 6.3
8		 1.8
0		 – 5.2
NC Report/La Razón[p 25][p 26] 3–7 Sep 2019 1,000 71.3 21.1
29		 14.0
21		 25.6
41		 19.1
27		 6.2
7		 4.9
5		 4.8
5		 2.2
0		 – 4.5
ElectoPanel/Electomanía[p 27] 20 Aug 2019 ? ? 14.5
20		 15.5
24		 26.4
40		 20.3
29		 7.1
8		 6.0
7		 6.0
7		 2.0
0		 – 6.1
ElectoPanel/Electomanía[p 28] 17 Jul 2019 ? ? 14.1
19		 15.3
24		 26.7
41		 20.1
29		 7.1
8		 6.1
7		 6.2
7		 2.1
0		 – 6.6
GESOP/CEO[p 29] 25 Jun–17 Jul 2019 1,500 70 17.0
23/24		 16.6
25/27		 26.5
38/40		 18.7
25		 9.5
11/12		 5.2
6/7		 3.5
3		 – – 7.8
GESOP/El Periódico[p 30] 1–5 Jul 2019 1,422 ? 16.5
22/23		 16.5
24/25		 26.5
40/41		 20.0
28/29		 7.0
8/9		 5.5
7/8		 4.0
3/4		 – – 6.5
2019 EP election 26 May 2019 N/A 60.9 8.6
12		 28.6
44		 21.2
33		 22.1
31		 8.4
9		 – 5.2
6		 2.0
0		 – 6.5
April 2019 general election 28 Apr 2019 N/A 74.6 11.6
13		 12.1
22		 24.6
39		 23.2
32		 14.9
20		 2.7[lower-alpha 6]
0		 4.8
5		 3.6
4		 – 1.4
Opinòmetre/CEO[p 31] 4–25 Mar 2019 1,500 70 21.6
28/29		 14.9
22/24		 28.1
40/43		 16.5
21/23		 7.0
8/9		 6.5
8		 4.0
3/4		 – – 3.7
GESOP/El Periódico[p 32] 10 Feb 2019 1,468 ? 21.5
30/31		 15.0
23/24		 25.5
39/40		 15.5
21/22		 7.5
9/10		 6.5
8/9		 4.0
2		 2.5
0		 – 4.0
NC Report/La Razón[p 33][p 34] 24 Dec 2018 ? 74.5 25.0
37		 14.9
23		 24.1
38		 15.0
19		 7.7
8		 5.0
5		 4.4
5		 2.0
0		 – 0.9
Opinòmetre/Ara[p 35] 3–12 Dec 2018 800 ? 23.4
33/35		 16.2
25/26		 25.7
38/40		 13.9
17/18		 7.1
7/8		 8.3
10/11		 2.5
0		 1.1
0		 – 2.3
Opinòmetre/CEO[p 36] 22 Oct–12 Nov 2018 1,500 68 21.4
29/30		 14.8
23/24		 25.1
36/38		 14.5
17/18		 10.4
12/13		 8.5
10/11		 3.3
2/3		 – – 3.7
GESOP/El Periódico[p 37] 22–25 Oct 2018 739 ? 22.5
30/31		 14.5
22/23		 25.3
37/39		 17.3
23/24		 7.5
8/9		 7.4
9/10		 3.5
3		 – – 2.8
NC Report/La Razón[p 38][p 39] 24–28 Sep 2018 1,000 ? 23.7
35		 16.2
25		 23.9
37		 15.8
20		 6.5
8		 3.9
4		 5.3
6		 – – 0.2
ElectoPanel/Electomanía[p 40] 16–18 Sep 2018 ? ? 21.9
30		 14.9
22		 27.7
42		 16.1
22		 7.0
8		 7.0
9		 3.2
2		 – – 5.8
SocioMétrica/El Español[p 41] 22–30 Aug 2018 500 ? 22.3
31/33		 18.4
25/27		 25.1
35/37		 14.9
20/22		 7.3
8/9		 5.5
6/7		 5.1
5/6		 – – 2.8
Opinòmetre/CEO[p 42] 23 Jun–14 Jul 2018 1,500 70 21.4
29/30		 17.9
27/29		 24.0
35/37		 15.5
19/21		 7.8
8/10		 7.0
8/10		 3.8
3/4		 – – 2.6
GESOP/El Periódico[p 43] 2–11 Jul 2018 1,445 ? 21.5
29/30		 16.5
26/27		 23.5
35/36		 15.5
21/22		 8.5
9/10		 6.5
8/9		 4.5
4/5		 – – 2.0
GAD3/La Vanguardia[p 44] 14–21 Jun 2018 800 75 24.0
34		 20.1
30		 24.3
35		 14.6
19		 7.0
8		 4.5
5		 4.1
4		 – – 0.3
ElectoPanel/Electomanía[p 45] 3–7 Jun 2018 ? ? 21.3
29		 20.4
29		 20.7
29		 16.3
23		 7.6
10		 7.6
10		 4.9
5		 – – 0.8
Opinòmetre/CEO[p 46] 7–27 Apr 2018 1,500 68 24.5
33/34		 19.8
30/32		 20.5
29/32		 11.0
13/15		 9.5
11		 9.0
11		 4.1
3/4		 – – 4.0
NC Report/La Razón[p 47][p 48] 17–20 Apr 2018 1,000 76.9 26.0
38		 18.7
31		 21.8
32		 15.2
18		 5.4
7		 3.8
4		 4.5
5		 – – 4.2
NC Report/La Razón[p 49][p 50] 22–28 Mar 2018 1,000 76.8 25.7
38		 19.4
32		 21.0
31		 14.9
18		 6.0
7		 4.2
4		 4.8
5		 – – 4.7
Apolda/CEO[p 51] 10–30 Jan 2018 1,200 68 24.7
33/35		 19.5
29/31		 22.9
33/35		 12.5
15/16		 7.4
8		 6.0
7/8		 4.6
3/4		 – – 1.8
NC Report/La Razón[p 52][p 53] 15–19 Jan 2018 1,000 75.2 24.9
37		 22.4
34		 20.6
31		 14.3
17		 6.9
7		 3.5
4		 5.9
5		 – – 2.5
2017 regional election 21 Dec 2017 N/A 79.1 25.4
36		 21.7
34		 21.4
32		 13.9
17		 7.5
8		 4.5
4		 4.2
4		 – – 3.7

Notes
  1. The parliamentary transaction of the 2020 budget is due to be over by 18 March. From there, 11 May 2020 would be the earliest possible date for a snap election to be held if called immediately thereafter, with 17 May being the first possible Sunday available.[1][2] However, sources within both JxCat and ERC have suggested a post-summer election would be more likely,[3][4] still pending a firm ruling from the Supreme Court of Spain on Quim Torra's disqualification as president which would remove from him the power of dissolving parliament.[2][5]
  2. Currently in self-exile in Belgium.
  3. Transitory Provision Second of the 2006 Statute maintained the validity of the electoral regulations within the 1979 Statute, of application for as long as a specific law regulating the procedures for elections to the Parliament of Catalonia was not approved.
  4. Quim Torra (JxCat) was stripped of his status as legislator on 27 January 2020.[8]
  5. Within PP+Cs.
  6. Result for Front Republicà.

References
Opinion poll sources
  1. "EP (17My): Cataluña – JxCat ganaría las elecciones a ERC por una décima. Entra Vox". Electomanía (in Spanish). 17 May 2020.
  2. "MacroPanel Autonómico (17My): 8 gobiernos para PSOE+, 8 para PP+ y 3 para otros+". Electomanía (in Spanish). 17 May 2020.
  3. "ERC ganaría las elecciones con holgura y podría elegir entre JxCat o la izquierda". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 18 May 2020.
  4. "Baròmetre d'Opinió Política. 1a onada 2020" (PDF). CEO (in Catalan). 20 March 2020.
  5. "ERC ganaría con claridad los comicios y podría sumar con JpC o la izquierda". ABC (in Spanish). 2 March 2020.
  6. "Sondeos: ERC superaría a JxC y los tres partidos independentistas sumarían más votos que los constitucionalistas". Público (in Spanish). 6 February 2020.
  7. "ERC ganaría las elecciones catalanas al frente de una reforzada mayoría independentista". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 9 February 2020.
  8. "El escenario electoral si concurriera CAT Suma". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 9 February 2020.
  9. "Reto independentista en las urnas". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 2 February 2020.
  10. "ERC tendría mayoría absoluta con los partidos catalanes de Sánchez (PSC) e Iglesias (En Comú)". El Español (in Spanish). 2 February 2020.
  11. "Una coalición entre Cs y PP sumaría hoy poco más de la mitad de escaños que tuvieron en 2017". El Español (in Spanish). 2 February 2020.
  12. "El tripartito catalán no suma y complica la legislatura". La Razón (in Spanish). 2 February 2020.
  13. "ERC podría elegir entre JxCat y la izquierda para gobernar". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 1 February 2020.
  14. "CatPanel (29e): subidón de JxCat que alcanza a ERC y reconquista muchos municipios de Cataluña". Electomanía (in Spanish). 29 January 2020.
  15. "CatPanel 29e (II): Cataluña Suma, sumaría escaños y se colocaría como cuarta fuerza en el Parlament". Electomanía (in Spanish). 30 January 2020.
  16. "Un sondeo de los 'comuns' les sitúa a punto de alcanzar a Cs". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 29 January 2020.
  17. "Baròmetre d'Opinió Política. 3a onada 2019" (PDF). CEO (in Catalan). 20 December 2019.
  18. "CatPanel (30N – II): el empuje de CUP y JxCat da impulso al independentismo, pese a la bajada de ERC". Electomanía (in Spanish). 30 November 2019.
  19. "La negociación con Sánchez castigaría a ERC en las urnas". La Razón (in Spanish). 25 November 2019.
  20. "CatPanel (20Oct): fuerte subida de la CUP. Caída de PSC y Junts, mientras Ciudadanos recupera terreno". Electomanía (in Spanish). 20 October 2019.
  21. "CatPanel (15O): subidón de la CUP. Vox entraría en el Parlament". Electomanía (in Spanish). 15 October 2019.
  22. "Encuesta: ERC vence y el PSC de Iceta "sorpassa" a Ciudadanos". La Razón (in Spanish). 7 October 2019.
  23. "Sondeo octubre 2019" (PDF). La Razón (in Spanish). 7 October 2019.
  24. "CatPanel (11S): o coalición 'estelada' (ERC+JxCat+CUP) o 'Macedonia del Norte' (ERC+PSC)". Electomanía (in Spanish). 11 September 2019.
  25. "Encuesta NC Report/Cataluña: ERC y PSC sumarían mayoría absoluta". La Razón (in Spanish). 9 September 2019.
  26. "Más de 200.000 votantes huyen de Puigdemont". La Razón (in Spanish). 9 September 2019.
  27. "CatPanel (20A): ERC ganaría las elecciones en Cataluña. El naranja de Ciudadanos desaparece del mapa". Electomanía (in Spanish). 20 August 2019.
  28. "ElectoPanel Cataluña (17J): ERC domina, caída de Ciudadanos". Electomanía (in Spanish). 17 July 2019.
  29. "Baròmetre d'Opinió Política. 2a onada 2019" (PDF). CEO (in Catalan). 26 July 2019.
  30. "Encuesta elecciones Catalunya: ERC sigue al alza tras el juicio y el PSC se dispara". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 14 July 2019.
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Other
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  2. "El posible calendario de una legislatura catalana con los días contados". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 29 January 2020. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
  3. "Rufián: "Las elecciones catalanas pueden ser más tarde de lo que parece"". El Nacional (in Spanish). 8 February 2020. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
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  5. "El win-win de Sánchez". eldiario.es (in Spanish). 6 February 2020. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
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  12. "Ley Orgánica 6/2006, de 19 de julio, de reforma del Estatuto de Autonomía de Cataluña". Organic Law No. 6 of 19 July 2006. Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 March 2017.
  13. Reig Pellicer, Naiara (16 December 2015). "Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote". cafebabel.co.uk. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
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  15. Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
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  26. "Ciudadanos se abre ahora a una lista con el PP en Cataluña por la "situación excepcional"". El Confidencial (in Spanish). 29 January 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
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