Long March 3

Long March 3
	Long March 3
Function	Carrier rocket
Manufacturer	CALT
Country of origin	China
Size
Height	43.25 metres (141.9 ft)[1]
Diameter	3.35 metres (11.0 ft)[1]
Mass	204,000 kilograms (450,000 lb)[1]
Stages	3
Capacity
Payload to LEO	5,000 kilograms (11,000 lb)[2]
Payload to GTO	1,500 kilograms (3,300 lb)[2]
Associated rockets
Family	Long March
Derivatives	Long March 3A
Launch history
Status	Retired
Launch sites	LA-3, XSLC
Total launches	13
Successes	10
Failures	2
Partial failures	1
First flight	29 January 1984
Last flight	25 June 2000
First stage
Length	23.49 m
Diameter	3.35 m
Empty mass	9,378 kg (20,675 lb)
Gross mass	153,070 kg (337,460 lb)
Propellant mass	143,692 kg (316,787 lb)
Engines	4 YF-21B
Thrust	2,961.6 kN (665,800 lbf)
Specific impulse	2,556.2 m/s (260.66 s)
Burn time	121 s
Fuel	N2O4 / UDMH
Second stage
Length	9.47 m
Diameter	3.35 m
Empty mass	3,599 kg (7,934 lb)
Gross mass	39,440 kg (86,950 lb)
Propellant mass	35,841 kg (79,016 lb)
Engines	1 YF-24D; (1 x YF-22D (Main)); (4 x YF-23F (Vernier))
Thrust	741.4 kN (166,700 lbf) (Main); 47.1 kN (10,600 lbf) (Vernier)
Specific impulse	2,922.4 m/s (298.00 s) (Main); 2,762 m/s (281.6 s) (Vernier)
Burn time	130 s
Fuel	N2O4 / UDMH
Third stage
Length	10.36 m
Diameter	2.25 m
Empty mass	1,965 kg (4,332 lb)
Gross mass	10,700 kg (23,600 lb)
Propellant mass	8,731 kg (19,249 lb)
Engines	1 YF-73
Thrust	44.43 kN (9,990 lbf)
Specific impulse	4,119 m/s (420.0 s)
Burn time	729 s
Fuel	LH2 / LOX

The Long March 3 (Chinese: 长征三号火箭), also known as the Changzheng 3, CZ-3 and LM-3, was a Chinese orbital carrier rocket design. They were all launched from Launch Area 3 at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center. It was a 3-stage rocket, and was mostly used to place DFH-2-class communications satellites into geosynchronous transfer orbits. It was complemented and later replaced by the more powerful Long March 3A, which has an improved third stage.

List of launches

Flight number	Date (UTC)	Launch site	Payload	Orbit	Result
1	January 29, 1984 12:25	LA-3, XSLC	STTW 1	GTO (intended)	Partial Failure
2	April 8, 1984 11:20	LA-3, XSLC	STTW 2	GTO	Success
3	February 1, 1986 12:37	LA-3, XSLC	DFH-2-1	GTO	Success
4	March 7, 1988 12:41	LA-3, XSLC	DFH-2A-1 (ChinaSat 1)	GTO	Success
5	December 22, 1988 12:40	LA-3, XSLC	DFH-2A-2 (ChinaSat 2)	GTO	Success
6	February 4, 1990 12:28	LA-3, XSLC	DFH-2A-3 (ChinaSat 3)	GTO	Success
7	April 7, 1990 13:30	LA-3, XSLC	AsiaSat 1	GTO	Success
8	December 28, 1991 12:00	LA-3, XSLC	DFH-2A-4 (ChinaSat 4)	GTO (intended)	Failure
9	July 21, 1994 10:55	LA-3, XSLC	APStar 1	GTO	Success
10	July 3, 1996 10:47	LA-3, XSLC	APStar 1A	GTO	Success
11	August 18, 1996 10:27	LA-3, XSLC	ChinaSat 7	GTO (intended)	Failure
12	June 10, 1997 12:01	LA-3, XSLC	Fengyun 2A	GTO	Success
13	June 25, 2000 11:50	LA-3, XSLC	Fengyun 2B	GTO	Success

Launch failures

Dong Fang Hong 2 launch failure

On January 29, 1984, a LM-3 rocket failed during launch. The third stage failed 4 s after restart for GTO insertion of the satellite, due to incorrect mixture ratio in the engine gas generator, which caused high temperatures and burned out the turbine casing. However, many planned tests on the experimental communications spacecraft were still carried out in the resulting elliptical orbit.

ChinaSat 4 launch failure

On December 28, 1991, a LM-3 rocket failed during launch. The third-stage engine suffered a loss of turbine speed and combustion pressure 58 s after re-igniting for the second burn for GTO insertion and shut down completely 135 s after re-ignition. Loss of pressure in the high-pressure helium supply used for engine control had reduced the propellant flow.

ChinaSat 7 launch failure

On August 18, 1996 a LM-3 rocket failed during launch. The third-stage engine shut down roughly 40 s earlier than planned because of a fire in the LH2 injector of the gas generator. Insufficient purging had permitted oxygen to freeze in the gas generator during flight.

References

Mark Wade. "CZ-3". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2008-06-01. Retrieved 2008-04-27.
Gunter Krebs. "CZ-3 (Chang Zheng-3)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2008-04-27.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[EA-1] Mark Wade. "CZ-3". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2008-06-01. Retrieved 2008-04-27.

[GSP-2] Gunter Krebs. "CZ-3 (Chang Zheng-3)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2008-04-27.

Orbital launch systems
List of orbital launch systems Comparison of orbital launch systems
Current	Angara A5 Antares 230+ Ariane 5 Atlas V Delta IV Heavy Electron Epsilon Falcon 9 Block 5 Falcon Heavy GSLV Mk II Mk III H-IIA Hyperbola-1 Jielong 1 Kuaizhou 1 1A Kaituozhe 2 LauncherOne^† Long March 2C 2D 2F 3A 3B/E 3C 4B 4C 5 5B 6 7 7A^† 11 Minotaur I IV V C OS-M1^† Pegasus XL Proton-M PSLV Qased Safir Shavit Simorgh^† Soyuz-2 2.1a / STA 2.1b / STB 2-1v Unha Vega Zenit 3SL 3SLB 3F Zhuque-1^†
In development	Angara 1.2 Ariane 6 Bloostar Cyclone-4M Eris Firefly Alpha Beta H3 Hyperbola-2 Irtysh Kuaizhou 11 21 31 Long March 8 9 Miura 5 New Glenn New Line 1 Nuri OmegA OS-M2 OS-M4 Orbex Prime SLS Soyuz-7 SSLV Starship Terran 1 Vega C Vega E Vulcan Zero Zhuque-2
Retired	Al-Abid^† Antares 110/120/130/230 Ariane 1 2 3 4 ASLV Athena I II Atlas B D E/F G H I II III LV-3B SLV-3 Able Agena Centaur Black Arrow Conestoga^† Delta A B C D E G J L M N 0100 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 II III IV Diamant Dnepr Energia Europa^† Falcon 1 Falcon 9 v1.0 v1.1 v1.2 "Full Thrust" Feng Bao 1 GSLV Mk I H-I H-II H-IIB Juno I Juno II Kaituozhe-1 Kosmos 1 2I 3 3M Lambda 4S Long March 1 1D^† 2A 2E 3 3B 4A Mu 4S 3C 3H 3S 3SII V N1^† N-I N-II Naro-1 Paektusan Pilot-2^† R-7 Luna Molniya M L Polyot Soyuz original FG L M U U2 Soyuz/Vostok Sputnik Voskhod Vostok L K 2 2M R-29 Shtil' Volna^† Saturn I IB V Scout SLV Space Shuttle SPARK^† Sparta SS-520 Start-1 Thor Able Ablestar Agena Burner Delta DSV-2U Thorad-Agena Titan II GLV IIIA IIIB IIIC IIID IIIE 34D 23G CT-3 IV Tsyklon 2 3 4 Universal Rocket UR-500 Proton Proton-K Rokot Strela Vanguard VLS-1^† Zenit 2 2M
Classes	Sounding rocket Small-lift launch vehicle Medium-lift launch vehicle Heavy-lift launch vehicle Super heavy-lift launch vehicle
This Template lists historical, current, and future space rockets that at least once attempted (but not necessarily succeeded in) an orbital launch or that are planned to attempt such a launch in the future Symbol ^† indicates historical or current rockets that attempted orbital launches but did not ever succeed (never did or has performed a successful orbital launch)

Long March (rocket family)
Rockets	Feng Bao 1 Long March 1 1D Long March 2 2A 2C 2D 2E 2F Long March 3 3A 3B 3B/E 3C Long March 4 4A 4B 4C Long March 5 5B Long March 6 Long March 7 7A Long March 8 Long March 9 Long March 11
Launch sites	Jiuquan Taiyuan Wenchang Xichang
Manufacturers	China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology
Designers	Wang Xiji
List of Long March launches