Liwan District

Liwan District is one of 11 urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Guangzhou, the capital of Guangdong Province, China. The district is split into two parts by the Pearl River: Xiguan in the northeast and Fangcun in the southwest.

Liwan

荔湾区
District
Shamian Subdistrict riverfront
  Liwan in Guangzhou
Coordinates: 23°06′56″N 113°14′18″E
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceGuangdong
Sub-provincial cityGuangzhou
Area
 • Total62.40 km2 (24.09 sq mi)
Population
 (2006)
 • Total705,262
 • Density11,000/km2 (29,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
510145
Area code(s)020
Websitehttp://www.lw.gov.cn/
Liwan District
Simplified Chinese荔湾区
Traditional Chinese荔灣區
Guangdong Romanizationlei6 wan1 kêu1
Hanyu PinyinLìwān Qū
Alternative Chinese name
Simplified Chinese荔湾
Traditional Chinese荔灣
Guangdong Romanizationlei6 wan1
Hanyu PinyinLìwān
Second alternative Chinese name
Simplified Chinese西关
Traditional Chinese西關
Guangdong Romanizationsei1 guan1
Hanyu PinyinXiguān
Third alternative Chinese name
Chinese芳村
Guangdong Romanizationfong1 qun1
Hanyu PinyinFāngcūn

History
Main article: Xiguan

Liwan District was named after "Lizhiwan", which is derived from poem of "a bay of green water and red lychees along both banks". It covers an area of 16.2 square kilometres (6.3 sq mi) and has a permanent population of about 540,000 and a permanent nonnative population of over 200,000. Liwan District is positioned in the flourishing west part of Guangzhou, on the northeast bank of the Pearl River.

Liwan was originally a western suburb of Guangzhou known as Xiguan and Huadai/Huadi located in between two counties of Panyu County and Nanhai County. On 15 February 1921 Liwan along with Guangfu (present Yuexiu) formed the City of Guangzhou.

Fangcun, in the western part of Liwan District, lay at the southwest of Guangzhou's downtown area and south of Pearl River.[1] It was established as a "Fangcun District" in 1949 after the Chinese Communist Party took over Guangzhou from the Kuomintang.[2] In 2005, it was withdrawn and merged with Liwan.[3][4]

Administrative divisions
NameChinese (S)[5]Hanyu PinyinCanton RomanizationPopulation (2010)[6]Area (km2)
Baihedong Subdistrict白鹤洞街道Báihèdòng Jiēdàobag6 hog6 dung6 gai1 dou648,2383.10
Caihong Subdistrict彩虹街道Cǎihóng Jiēdàocoi2 hung4 gai1 dou654,3481.06
Chajiao Subdistrict茶滘街道Chájiào Jiēdàoca4 geo3 gai1 dou654,9184.05
Changhua Subdistrict昌华街道Chānghuá Jiēdàocêng1 wa4 gai1 dou632,7781.61
Chongkou Subdistrict冲口街道Chōngkǒu Jiēdàocung1 heo2 gai1 dou648,0974.20
Dongjiao Subdistrict东漖街道Dōngjiào Jiēdàodung1 gao3 gai1 dou635,8894.60
Dongsha Subdistrict东沙街道Dōngshā Jiēdàodung1 Shā gai1 dou6290137.90
Duobao Subdistrict多宝街道Duōbǎo Jiēdàodo1 bou2 gai1 dou632,5810.86
Fengyuan Subdistrict逢源街道Féngyuán Jiēdàofung4 yun4 gai1 dou659,3370.78
Hailong Subdistrict海龙街道Hǎilóng Jiēdàohoi2 lung4 gai1 dou631,8019.49
Huadi Subdistrict花地街道Huādì Jiēdàofa1 déi2 gai1 dou639,6351.63
Hualin Subdistrict华林街道Huálín Jiēdàowa4 lem4 gai1 dou646,3090.72
Jinhua Subdistrict金花街道Jīnhuā Jiēdàogem1 fa1 gai1 dou654,6701.16
Lingnan Subdistrict岭南街道Lǐngnán Jiēdàoling5 nam4 gai1 dou627,5600.90
Longjin Subdistrict龙津街道Lóngjīn Jiēdàolung4 zên1 gai1 dou643,5180.53
Nanyuan Subdistrict南源街道Nányuán Jiēdàonam4 yun4 gai1 dou670,0661.85
Qiaozhong Subdistrict桥中街道Qiáozhōng Jiēdàokiu4 zung1 gai1 dou631,6434.40
Shamian Subdistrict沙面街道Shāmiàn Jiēdàosa1 min2 gai1 dou63,3970.30
Shiweitang Subdistrict石围塘街道Shíwéitáng Jiēdàoség6 wei4 tong4 gai1 dou657,1925.18
Xicun Subdistrict西村街道Xicūn Jiēdàosei1 qun1 gai1 dou645,0693.27
Zhanqian Subdistrict站前街道Zhànqián Jiēdàozam6 qin4 gai1 dou627,4310.96
Zhongnan Subdistrict中南街道Zhōngnán Jiēdàozung1 nam4 gai1 dou624,7107.00

Transport

Liwan district has a well-developed transport network which enables it to reap benefits as an important place for business. There is a developed traffic network connecting with the railway station and Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport in the north. Renmin Bridge and Zhujiang Tunnel link the banks of the Pearl River in the southern part of Liwan. Zhujiang Bridge, which connects Nanhai and Foshan, links the east and west together in Liwan's west. Guangzhou South Railway Cargo Station of Jingguang Railway and Xinfeng Terminal are in Liwan's southwest. No. 107 State Highway and Guang-Fo Highway connecting with Guang-Shen Highway are through to Hong Kong. Line 1 of Guangzhou Metro and Inner overhead road pass through the District.

Metro

Liwan is currently service by four metro lines operated by Guangzhou Metro:

  •      Line 1 - Chen Clan Academy, Changshou Lu, Huangsha ( 6 ), Fangcun, Huadiwan, Kengkou, Xilang ( Guangfo )
  •      Line 5 - Jiaokou, Tanwei ( 6 ), Zhongshanba, Xichang, Xicun
  •      Line 6 - Hesha, Tanwei ( 5 ), Ruyifang, Huangsha ( 1 ), Cultural Park ( 8 )
  •      Line 8 - Cultural Park ( 6 )
  •      Guangfo line - Longxi, Jushu, Xilang ( 1 ), Hedong, Shachong

Tourism

Liwan District has many attractions and historical sites. The historically famous Lizhiwan (lit. Lychee Bay) has a 1000-year history. Shisanhang had a foreign trade privilege for hundred years. Haishan Xianguan had a leader of Lingnan horticulture, which made contribution to the development of Lingnan culture. Now, there are two national key protection units Chen Learning Academy (Chen Clan Temple) and Shamian Ancient Buildings, out of which Chen Learning Academy was elected one of the 8 new scenic spots of Guangzhou. There are several municipality-level relic spots: Hualin Temple, one of Guangzhou's Buddhist “five jungles”, Taoist Zhenwudi Renwei Temple, Jiang Guangding’s former residence, Li Wentian’s Taihua Building and Xiguan big house. In addition, there are historic sites where Dr. Sun Yat-sen, Zhan Tianyou, Chen Shaobai and Tang Tingguang lived or worked. There are Guangya School setup by Zhang Zhidong, a member of the Westernization Movement in the late Qing Dynasty and relic site of Xicun Industrial Zone developed by Chen Jitang when was in power during PC period. All those spots are like pearls dotted in this valuable land and show people its glorious and splendid past.

In order to integrate those typical spots organically for tourists’ convenience, Liwan District Administration divides them into 4 tourist areas, Xiguan Folk Custom Area, Chen Clan Temple Cultural and Leisure Area, Shamian Continental Tourist Area, and Shisanhang Commercial and Cultural Area. It is proposed to build large-scale “Lingnan Custom” tourist project at Xiguan Folk Custom Area so as to provide domestic and foreign tourists with all-directional services in tour, culture, leisure, foods and accommodation.

Liwan District's developed commerce. National ethical commercial street Shangxiajiu Pedestrian Street is arrayed with shops and gathers a lot of businessmen. in 1995, Shangxiajiu Lu was declared the first weekend commercial pedestrian street of Guangzhou. In 1996, it was elected one of the 10 tourist attractions of Guangzhou. There are many special streets such as blackwood and jade street, ceramic crafts street, and more than 100 wholesale markets engaged in traditional Chinese medicine, aquatic products, shoes, stationery, metal ware, textile (knitted), electric appliance (communications) and decoration materials, among which Qingping Traditional Chinese Herbs and Huangsha Aquatic Product Market are State-level markets; Yiyuan Stationery Market, Guangdong Electric Appliance City are province-level markets. Market is flourishing, which radiates the whole nation and the Southeast Asia as well as the world.

Liwan District is a gathering place of star-level restaurants of Guangzhou, including White Swan Hotel, Guangzhou Restaurant, Shengli Hotel, Qingping Restaurant, Taotaoju Restaurant, Lianxianglou Restaurant and Panxi Restaurant. Various special Liwan foods with long history and both famous at home and abroad are available, including Shunji coconut ice cream, Wuzhanji Jidi congee, Tingzai congee, Ouchengji dumpling and Nanxin double-condensed milk.

Education

Schools include:

References
  1. Fangcun, Guangzhou' s Flower Base
  2. 芳村区 (Chinese Version)
  3. Three new districts established
  4. Liwan District Archived 2008-05-07 at the Wayback Machine
  5. http://zwgk.lw.gov.cn/lw01/jdxxgk/nmjd.shtml
  6. shi, Guo wu yuan ren kou pu cha ban gong; council, Guo jia tong ji ju ren kou he jiu ye tong ji si bian = Tabulation on the 2010 population census of the people's republic of China by township / compiled by Population census office under the state; population, Department of; statistics, employment statistics national bureau of (2012). Zhongguo 2010 nian ren kou pu cha fen xiang, zhen, jie dao zi liao (Di 1 ban. ed.). Beijing Shi: Zhongguo tong ji chu ban she. ISBN 978-7-5037-6660-2.
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